Summaries
2011-01-01 00:00:00
CONTENTS Summaries 79 Interview Rick van Hemert & Harm Hazewinkel Regional security organizations in times of transition: an interview with Jaap de Hoop Scheffer on the effects of the global shift of power in the world today 81 Articles Quirine Eijkman Preventive counter-terrorism and non-discrimination assessment in the European Union 89 David Lewis Security Sector Reform in authoritarian regimes: The OSCE experience of police assistance programming in Central Asia 103 Volker Türk IDP s and refugees in the OSCE area 119 Jennifer Croft Chronicle Arie Bloed Security in a multiethnic Russia: Is the ‘melting pot’ boiling over? OSCE welcomes its new Secretary General 127 135 Book Review Krzysztof Drzewicki EU Law, Minorities and Enlargement, by Kyriaki Topidi 141 Contributors 147SUMMARIES Editorial note: Below you will find summaries of the articles in this issue of Security and Human Rights. Preventive counter-terrorism and non-discrimination assessment in the European Union, Quirine Eijkman As a result of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the bombings in Madrid and London, a prevention-focused counter-terrorism approach has developed across the European Union. Preventive counter-terrorism is appealing because it implies interventions that remove the ability or, better still, the motivation of potential terrorists to carry out their lethal designs. Member states such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands that primarily have experience in addressing ‘home-grown’ terrorism, have developed preventive counter-terrorism measures in response. Even though the majority of these laws, regulations and policies recognize the importance of the rule of law and human rights, it remains relevant to examine whether in theory and in practice particular measures have had disproportionate effects on ethnic and religious minorities and thereby violate non-discrimination standards. Security Sector Reform in authoritarian regimes: The OSCE experience of police assistance programming in Central Asia, David Lewis Security sector reform — including police reform — has been an important element in international programmes in many post-conflict and so-called ‘fragile’ states. In Central Asian states — mostly ruled by authoritarian regimes — the OSCE has been engaged in a variety of programmes to help reform the police, which have often been accused of abuses of human rights. There has been a significant police assistance programme in Kyrgyzstan, and smaller initiatives and activities have been implemented in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Most of these initiatives have failed to achieve their objectives; in certain cases they may have had a negative impact on the OSCE ’s credibility in the region as an organization that promotes a comprehensive view of security, including attention to human rights and civil liberties. The article suggests that external assistance to the security sector in authoritarian political systems poses particularly difficult challenges, if there is no parallel process of political democratisation. In addition, a complex relationship between state security forces and organised crime poses additional challenges to police reform programmes. The article suggests that the OSCE might usefully review its policies to improve its effectiveness in this area and to ensure that its approach remains consistent with its basic principles. IDP s and refugees in the OSCE area, Volker Türk This year marks the 60th anniversary of the UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 50th anniversary of the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. And yet there are almost 5 million refugees and internally displaced persons in the OSCE area. The crisis in North Africa and the Middle East is creating a vast new displacement challenge, including for OSCE participating States. WhatSummaries Security and Human Rights 2011 no. 2 80 are the legal and policy gaps in terms of protection? And what steps are the OSCE and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) taking to tackle the problem of IDP s, refugees and statelessness in the OSCE ? Security in a multiethnic Russia: Is the ‘melting pot’ boiling over? By Jennifer Croft Nationalist rallies and interethnic clashes in December 2010 on Moscow’s Manezh Square and in other Russian cities led to an increased level of public discussion about the need to improve interethnic relations in the country and to combat xenophobia. Despite an expansion of official rhetoric and the introduction of various new initiatives, however, contradictory policies and ambiguous political messages run the risk of leaving ethnic tensions to simmer without addressing their root causes, and may even aggravate them. Improving security for all of Russia’s ethnic groups will require more consistent, concrete actions and will depend on Russia’s ability to address sources of broader social discontent.
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CONTENTS Summaries 79 Interview Rick van Hemert & Harm Hazewinkel Regional security organizations in times of transition: an interview with Jaap de Hoop Scheffer on the effects of the global shift of power in the world today 81 Articles Quirine Eijkman Preventive counter-terrorism and non-discrimination assessment in the European Union 89 David Lewis Security Sector Reform in authoritarian regimes: The OSCE experience of police assistance programming in Central Asia 103 Volker Türk IDP s and refugees in the OSCE area 119 Jennifer Croft Chronicle Arie Bloed Security in a multiethnic Russia: Is the ‘melting pot’ boiling over? OSCE welcomes its new Secretary General 127 135 Book Review Krzysztof Drzewicki EU Law, Minorities and Enlargement, by Kyriaki Topidi 141 Contributors 147SUMMARIES Editorial note: Below you will find summaries of the articles in this issue of Security and Human Rights. Preventive counter-terrorism and non-discrimination assessment in the European Union, Quirine Eijkman As a result of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the bombings in Madrid and London, a prevention-focused counter-terrorism approach has developed across the European Union. Preventive counter-terrorism is appealing because it implies interventions that remove the ability or, better still, the motivation of potential terrorists to carry out their lethal designs. Member states such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands that primarily have experience in addressing ‘home-grown’ terrorism, have developed preventive counter-terrorism measures in response. Even though the majority of these laws, regulations and policies recognize the importance of the rule of law and human rights, it remains relevant to examine whether in theory and in practice particular measures have had disproportionate effects on ethnic and religious minorities and thereby violate non-discrimination standards. Security Sector Reform in authoritarian regimes: The OSCE experience of police assistance programming in Central Asia, David Lewis Security sector reform — including police reform — has been an important element in international programmes in many post-conflict and so-called ‘fragile’ states. In Central Asian states — mostly ruled by authoritarian regimes — the OSCE has been engaged in a variety of programmes to help reform the police, which have often been accused of abuses of human rights. There has been a significant police assistance programme in Kyrgyzstan, and smaller initiatives and activities have been implemented in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. Most of these initiatives have failed to achieve their objectives; in certain cases they may have had a negative impact on the OSCE ’s credibility in the region as an organization that promotes a comprehensive view of security, including attention to human rights and civil liberties. The article suggests that external assistance to the security sector in authoritarian political systems poses particularly difficult challenges, if there is no parallel process of political democratisation. In addition, a complex relationship between state security forces and organised crime poses additional challenges to police reform programmes. The article suggests that the OSCE might usefully review its policies to improve its effectiveness in this area and to ensure that its approach remains consistent with its basic principles. IDP s and refugees in the OSCE area, Volker Türk This year marks the 60th anniversary of the UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 50th anniversary of the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. And yet there are almost 5 million refugees and internally displaced persons in the OSCE area. The crisis in North Africa and the Middle East is creating a vast new displacement challenge, including for OSCE participating States. WhatSummaries Security and Human Rights 2011 no. 2 80 are the legal and policy gaps in terms of protection? And what steps are the OSCE and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) taking to tackle the problem of IDP s, refugees and statelessness in the OSCE ? Security in a multiethnic Russia: Is the ‘melting pot’ boiling over? By Jennifer Croft Nationalist rallies and interethnic clashes in December 2010 on Moscow’s Manezh Square and in other Russian cities led to an increased level of public discussion about the need to improve interethnic relations in the country and to combat xenophobia. Despite an expansion of official rhetoric and the introduction of various new initiatives, however, contradictory policies and ambiguous political messages run the risk of leaving ethnic tensions to simmer without addressing their root causes, and may even aggravate them. Improving security for all of Russia’s ethnic groups will require more consistent, concrete actions and will depend on Russia’s ability to address sources of broader social discontent.
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