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AbstractPlant parasitic nematodes are known to cause a severe reduction in cropyield. Recently much effort is being put to engineering newnematode-resistant crop cultivars. Plant parasitic nematodes occur in threewidely separated orders: Triplonchida, Dorylaimida and Tylenchida. Alltriplonchid and dorylaimid plant parasitic nematodes are migratoryectoparasites of roots. Within the Tylenchida, several different types ofplant parasitism can be recognised. The sedentary endoparasites have themost complex interaction with their host, and are responsible for the vastmajority of the agricultural damage. This causes most research to beconcentrated on two groups of the sedentary endoparasitic nematodes: cyst-and root-knot nematodes. Both induce specialised feeding structures in thevascular cylinder of the plant root. The mechanism of phytoparasitism of thecyst- and root-knot nematodes is reviewed, of which some aspects will beapplicable to the study of the other plant parasitic nematodes. Lesnématodes parasites de plantes sont connus pour provoquer de sévèresréductions dans les rendements des cultures. Actuellement, un effort sedéveloppe pour créer de nouveaux cultivars résistants aux nématodes. Lesnématodes parasite de plantes appartiennent à trois ordres très éloignés:Triplonchida, Dorylaimida et Tylenchida. Tous les nématodes parasites deplantes chez les Triplonchida et Dorylaimida sont des ectoparasitesmigrateurs. Chez les Tylenchida, plusieurs types différents de parasitismepeuvent être identifiés. Les endoparasites sédentaires ont l’interaction laplus complexe avec leur hôte et sont responsables de la plus grande part desdégâts agricoles. C’est la raison pour laquelle la plupart des recherchessont concentrées sur deux groupes de nématodes endoparasites sédentaires,les nématodes à kystes et les nématodes galligènes. Ces deux groupesinduisent des structures d’alimentation spécialisées dans les tissusvasculaires de la racine végétale. Le mécanisme parasitaire des nématodes àkystes et galligènes est revu, certaines de leurs caractéristiques pouvantêtre applicables à l’étude des autres nématodes phytoparasites.
Nematology – Brill
Published: Jan 1, 2000
Keywords: SYNCYTIUM; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CYST NEMATODE; GIANT CELL
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