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Comments on the Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant

Comments on the Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant COMMENTS COMMENTS ON THE RISE OF SECONDARY STATES IN THE IRON AGE LEVANT BY MICHAEL HELTZER* A.H. Joffe uses the archaeological material of the Levant in his detailed arti- cle about the rise of states in Palestine and Syria at the verge of the 1st mil- lennium BCE. The article takes into consideration the Old Testament material, and even the epigraphic material of the 9th century BCE. The Phoenician coastal city-states are not included here because they remained from the earlier period and survived at the time of the invasion of the ÒSea Peoples,Ó the Aramean tribes to Syria and Hebrew tribes to Canaan at the end of the 2nd mil- lennium BCE. But Joffe does not investigate an important source which sheds light on the problem, the inscribed bronze arrowheads from the 11th and 10th centuries BCE. Until now, 52 inscribed arrowheads are published and some are awaiting publication. 1 Some of these arrowheads have inscriptions, and because of a change of ownership, are inscribed with the name of the new owner. All inscriptions are made with a sharp chisel. Almost without exception the Ž rst word is ½× (Heb. ½e× ) Òarrow.Ó In most cases it http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Brill

Comments on the Rise of Secondary States in the Iron Age Levant

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Publisher
Brill
Copyright
© 2003 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
ISSN
0022-4995
eISSN
1568-5209
DOI
10.1163/156852003772914875
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

COMMENTS COMMENTS ON THE RISE OF SECONDARY STATES IN THE IRON AGE LEVANT BY MICHAEL HELTZER* A.H. Joffe uses the archaeological material of the Levant in his detailed arti- cle about the rise of states in Palestine and Syria at the verge of the 1st mil- lennium BCE. The article takes into consideration the Old Testament material, and even the epigraphic material of the 9th century BCE. The Phoenician coastal city-states are not included here because they remained from the earlier period and survived at the time of the invasion of the ÒSea Peoples,Ó the Aramean tribes to Syria and Hebrew tribes to Canaan at the end of the 2nd mil- lennium BCE. But Joffe does not investigate an important source which sheds light on the problem, the inscribed bronze arrowheads from the 11th and 10th centuries BCE. Until now, 52 inscribed arrowheads are published and some are awaiting publication. 1 Some of these arrowheads have inscriptions, and because of a change of ownership, are inscribed with the name of the new owner. All inscriptions are made with a sharp chisel. Almost without exception the Ž rst word is ½× (Heb. ½e× ) Òarrow.Ó In most cases it

Journal

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient – Brill

Published: Jan 1, 2003

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