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Expert consensus is that people with an intellectual disability are over represented across the criminal justice setting (CJS). Primary research studies have been conducted in police stations and prisons, but little is known about the prevalence of this population in the court setting. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review to find out more about the prevalence of defendants with an intellectual disability in court.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted using standard systematic review methodology (Julian et al., 2011) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines (Moher et al., 2009).FindingsTwo papers met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised. The papers reported prevalence findings ranging from 10%–20%.Research limitations/implicationsDifferences in study design, sampling, recruitment and diagnostic criteria affect the ability to make comparisons or synthesise findings.Practical implicationsIt is important that future primary and secondary research studies standardise operational terms to enable true comparison between studies, systematic reviews and evidence syntheses.Social implicationsDefendants with an intellectual disability need to be identified to enable criminal justice professionals to make reasonable adjustments to proceedings and consider diversion and alternative disposal options. This will likely improve outcomes for this population and reduce recidivism.Originality/valueThis literature review contributes to the growing evidence base about meeting the criminal justice needs of people with a learning disability and recognition of the increased prevalence across the CJS and specifically within the court setting.
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour – Emerald Publishing
Published: Aug 3, 2020
Keywords: Intellectual disabilities; Literature review; Prevalence; Court; Identification; Criminal justice system
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