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G. Nehme (2011)
The Tribological Performance of Plain and Fully Formulated Commercial Engine Oil under 2 Different Rotational Speeds and Extreme Pressure Contact Using Design of ExperimentTribology Transactions, 54
J. Telford (2007)
A Brief Introduction to Design of ExperimentsJohns Hopkins Apl Technical Digest, 27
G. Nehme (2011)
Interactions of fluorinated catalyst and polutetrafluoroethylene in two different plain zinc dialkyldithiophosphate oils and one fully formulated oil using design of experimentLubrication Science, 23
H. Kramers (1956)
Collected scientific papers
A. Barnes, K. Bartle, V. Thibon (2001)
A review of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPS): characterisation and role in the lubricating oilTribology International, 34
M. Godet (1990)
Third-bodies in tribologyWear, 136
R. Jones, R. Coy (1981)
The Chemistry of the Thermal Degradation of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate AdditivesTribology Transactions, 24
G. Nehme (2004)
Performance testing and analysis of anti-wear additives in engine oil for reducing phosphorus content and improving tail pipe emissions
B. Khorramian, G. Iyer, S. Kodali, P. Natarajan, R. Tupil (1993)
Review of antiwear additives for crankcase oilsWear, 169
L. Cao, Yangming Sun, Lingqing Zheng (1990)
Chemical structure characterization of the boundary lubrication film using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning Auger microprobe techniquesWear, 140
G. Nehme (2013)
Analysis of fluorinated interactions in plain ZDDP and fully formulated oils using design of experiment (DOE) and chemistry characterization of tribofilms in boundary lubrication under extreme loading conditionsIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology, 65
G. Nehme (2012)
Fluorinated interactions in two different plain ZDDP oils using design of experiment (DOE) and chemistry characterization of tribofilmsIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology, 64
Graham Smith (2000)
Surface analytical science and automotive lubricationJournal of Physics D, 33
G. Nehme, M. Dib (2011)
Optimization of Mechanism of Boundary Lubrication in Fully Formulated Commercial Engine Oil Using Design of ExperimentTribology Transactions, 54
G. Nehme (2012)
The effect of FeF3/TiF3 catalysts on the thermal and tribological performance of plain oil ZDDP under extreme pressure loadingWear
Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the topics of phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) in engine oil. Very reproducible boundary lubrication tests were conducted as part of Design of Experiments software to study the behavior of fluorinated catalyst iron fluoride (FeF3) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the development of environment-friendly (reduced P and S) anti-wear additives for future engine oil formulations. Multi-component fully formulated oils were used with and without the addition of PTFE and fluorinated catalyst to characterize and analyze their performance. Design/methodology/approach – A boundary lubrication protocol was used in the DOE tests to study their tribological behavior. Lubricant additives like PTFE and FeF3 catalyst were used at different concentrations to investigate the wear resistance and the time for a full breakdown under extreme loading conditions. Experiments indicated that new sub-micron FeF3 catalyst plays an important role in preventing the breakdown of the tribofilm. Findings – This paper explores the effect of PTFE and FeF3 catalyst on the performance of fully formulated engine oils. The purpose was to develop equations for minimum wear volume and maximum time for full breakdown. Emphasis was, therefore, given to conditions where the additives were working effectively for minimizing zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (P per cent). Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone. Originality/value – Lubricating oils are normally multi-component additivated systems. They contain different additives such as viscosity improvers, detergents, dispersants and antioxidants. It is known that these additives interact at the surface, affecting the function of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is important to note that the performance with PTFE and FeF3 catalyst was significantly improved when compared to fully formulated commercial oils used alone.
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology – Emerald Publishing
Published: Feb 9, 2015
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