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(1991)
Benchmarking: How to Measure Yourself against Industry Best Standards", paper written for Graduate School of Management
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Frontiers of Excellence: A Study of Strategy, Structure and Culture in Fifty Australian Organisations
There are two types of learning in organisations singlelooplearning is a participative process of fine tuning or refinement,occurring inside the system doubleloop learning is an individualisticprocess of questioning the validity of basic assumptions, occurringoutside the system. Total quality management is essentially singlelooplearning, capable only of effecting cautious, incremental adjustingchanges to wellknown processes and products. These are not theinnovative selfrenewing changes needed to keep an organisation alignedwith a turbulent changing environment. TQM is not a universalfixall. It produces favourable results only if used underthe conditions and for the purposes to which it is appropriate.Elsewhere it is likely to be dysfunctional and can reduce theorganisations overall effectiveness.
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management – Emerald Publishing
Published: Aug 1, 1991
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