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N.W. Chan, W.R. Ismail
Impak Manusia Terhadap Sistem Hidrology Di Malaysia
J. Maidinsa
Meeting water challenges in the 21st century: water catchment management as a tool in effective water use in Penang
P.E. Lim
Technical Report on Water Quality in Penang
Low Sim, G. Balamurugan (1991)
Urbanization and urban water problems in Southeast Asia a case of unsustainable developmentJournal of Environmental Management, 32
N.W. Chan
A contextual analysis of flood hazard management in peninsular Malaysia
N.W. Chan, W.R. Ismail
Effects of Sedimentation and Flash Flooding on Surface Water Resources in Penang
S.C. Ho
Environmental characteristics and diversity of the flora and fauna of Penang Hill, Penang
W. Ismail, Zullyadini Rahaman (1994)
The impact of quarrying activity on suspended sediment concentration and sediment load of Sungai Relau, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, 25
Penang State Government
Technical Report for Environmental Management of the Penang Hill Study Area, Final Draft for Penang hill Development Plan
Goh Chuan (1982)
Landuse and soil erosion problems in Malaysia.
N.W. Chan
Environmental effects of rapid development and urbanisation: the case of hill development and land reclamation in Penang
Government of Malaysia
Seventh Malaysia Plan 1996‐2000
W.R. Ismail
Pengantar Hidrologi
Socio‐Economic and Environmental Research Institute
The Sustainable Penang Initiative. Round Table on Ecological Sustainability
Malaysian Nature Society (undated)
Trails of Penang Hill
N. Chan (1998)
Responding to landslide hazards in rapidly developing Malaysia: a case of economics versus environmental protectionDisaster Prevention and Management, 7
N.W. Chan
The climate of Penang Hill: a general view of existing climatic conditions as compared to its surrounding lowlands
R.J.A. Goodland, H.S. Irwin
Amazon Jungle: Green Hell to Red Desert
Friends of Penang Hill
Penang Hill: The Need to Save our Natural Heritage
N.W. Chan
Floods: who’s to blame?
N.W. Chan
Rainfall patterns and trends in the State of Penang: implications on future water resources
Friends of Penang Hill
Manifesto to the Penang Municipality on the Draft Local Plan for Penang Hill
I. Douglas
The impact of urbanisation on fluvial geomorphology in the humid tropics
J.G. Daniel, A. Kulasingam
Problems arising from large scale forest clearing for agricultural use ‐ the Malaysian experience
Institute of Strategic and International Studies and Penang Development Corporation
Penang Strategic Development Plan 1991‐2000
JICA
The study of flood mitigation and drainage in Penang Island
H.A. Jamalluddin bin Shaaban, I.K. Chong
Impacts of development Activities on Highland Hydrology
K.C. Goh
Human interference with the Malaysian tropical rainforest
W.R. Ismail
The impacts of hill land clearance and urbanisation on hydrology and geomorphology of rivers in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Increasingly, land is a scarce resource which is much sought after in Penang Island, Malaysia. This is because Penang is largely made up of steep topography and much of the lowland areas are already developed. Penang is one of the many rapidly industrialising states in Malaysia with a largely urban populace. In recent decades, efforts at industrialisation and the development of other economic sectors have been intensified, leading to greater urbanisation and greater pressures on land. Although land reclamation has eased the pressures somewhat, it is not enough to satisfy the high demand for land on the island. As such, developers have turned to the remaining hill land on the island. Many hills and their environs are already being developed and many hill projects are in the pipe line. This has led to many environmental problems such as deforestation, decimation of water catchments, destruction of endangered fauna and flora, soil erosion, landslides, water pollution, sedimentation and downstream flooding. Some of these problems have been exacerbated and turned into disasters due to the extremely fragile and sensitive nature of hill ecosystems. Despite such problems, the State Government has decided to lift the freeze on development of hill land since January 1998, and this has effectively opened up all hill land for development on the island. Therefore, hill land needs to be protected and conserved by other means and this study recommends the adoption of a policy of “No development in all ecologically and environmentally sensitive areas”, the setting up of a Hill Land Technical Committee (HLTC) to manage all developments pertaining to hill land and to gazette all hill land in the State, and the use of state‐of‐the‐art remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology to monitor and control development activities on hill land in Penang.
Disaster Prevention and Management – Emerald Publishing
Published: Oct 1, 1998
Keywords: Ecology; Environmental impact; Floods; Land reclamation; Land use; Malaysia; Pollution
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