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Abstract
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) M. Aaboud et al. (ATLAS Collaboration) (Received 14 February 2018; published 22 May 2018) A direct search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a pair of charm quarks is presented. þ − Associated production of the Higgs and Z bosons, in the decay mode ZH → l l cc¯ is studied. A data set pffiffiffi −1 with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb of pp collisions at s ¼ 13TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC is used. The H → cc¯ signature is identified using charm-tagging algorithms. The þ2.1 observed (expected) upper limit on σðpp → ZHÞ × BðH → cc¯Þ is 2.7 (3.9 ) pb at the 95% confidence −1.1 level for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, while the standard model value is 26 fb. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.211802 In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations [14,20]. Bounds on the Higgs boson branching fractions to announced the discovery of a new particle with a mass of unobserved final states and fits to global rates constrain BðH → cc¯Þ < 20% at the 95% C.L., assuming SM pro- approximately 125 GeV [1,2] in searches for the standard duction cross sections [22]. These limits can still accom- model (SM) Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [3]. Subsequent measurements indicate that this modate large modifications to the Higgs boson coupling to particle is consistent with the SM Higgs boson [4–10]. charm quarks from new physics [22]. In this Letter, a new Direct evidence for the Yukawa coupling of the Higgs boson approach is introduced to investigate the coupling of the to the top [11] and bottom [12,13] quarks was recently Higgs boson to charm quarks. obtained. Measurements of the Yukawa coupling of the The search is performed using pp collision data recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector [23] at Higgs boson to quarks in generations other than the third are pffiffiffi s ¼ 13 TeV. The ATLAS detector at the LHC covers difficult at hadron colliders, due to small branching fractions, nearly the entire solid angle around the collision point [24]. large backgrounds, and challenges in jet flavor identification It consists of an inner tracking detector surrounded by a [14,15]. This Letter presents a direct search by the ATLAS thin superconducting solenoid, electromagnetic and had- experiment for the decay of the Higgs boson to a pair of ronic calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer incorporating charm (c) quarks. This search targets the production of the three large superconducting toroidal magnets. An addi- Higgs boson in association with a Z boson decaying to pffiffiffi þ − tional pixel layer was installed for the s ¼ 13 TeV charged leptons: Zðl l ÞHðcc¯Þ, where l ¼ e, μ. running period [25]. After the application of beam, detec- The SM branching fraction for a Higgs boson with a tor, and data-quality requirements, the integrated luminos- mass of 125 GeV to decay to a pair of charm quarks is −1 ity corresponds to 36.1 0.8 fb , measured following predicted to be 2.9% [16]. The inclusive cross section for pffiffiffi Ref. [26]. Events are required to contain exactly two same- σðpp → ZHÞ × BðH → cc¯Þ is 26 fb at s ¼ 13 TeV [17]. flavor leptons with an invariant mass consistent with that of Rare exclusive decays of the Higgs boson to a light vector the Z boson, and at least two jets of which one or two are meson or quarkonium state and a photon can also probe identified as charm jets (c jets). In this Letter, lepton refers the couplings of the second-generation quarks to the Higgs to only electrons or muons. The analysis procedure is boson [18–21]. Previously, the ATLAS Collaboration validated by measuring the yield of ZW and ZZ production, presented an indirect search for the decay of the Higgs where the sample is enriched in W → cs, cd and Z → cc¯ boson to c quarks via the decay to J=ψγ, obtaining a −3 decays. Further details can be found in Ref. [12]. branching fraction limit of 1.5 × 10 at the 95% con- Monte Carlo (MC) simulated samples were produced for fidence level (C.L.), which approximately corresponds to a signal and background processes using the full ATLAS limit of 540 times the SM branching fraction prediction detector simulation [27] using GEANT4 [28]. Table I pro- vides details of the event generators used for each signal and background sample. Signal events were produced at Full author list given at the end of the article. next-to-leading order (NLO) for the qq¯ → ZH process and Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of at leading order (LO) for the gg → ZH process with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. POWHEG-BOX v2 [32]. The dominant Z þ jets background Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to and the resonant diboson ZW and ZZ processes were the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP . generated using SHERPA 2.2.1 [54]. The tt background was 0031-9007=18=120(21)=211802(20) 211802-1 © 2018 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) TABLE I. The configurations used for event generation of the signal and background processes. If two parton distribution functions (PDFs) are shown, the first is for the matrix element calculation and the second for the parton shower, otherwise the same is used for both. Alternative event generators and configurations, used to estimate systematic uncertainties, are in parentheses. Tune refers to the underlying-event tuned parameters of the parton shower event generator. MG5_AMC refers to MADGRAPH5_AMC@NLO 2.2.2 [29]; PYTHIA 8 refers to version 8.212 [30]. Heavy-flavor hadron decays modeled by EVTGEN 1.2.0 [31] are used for all samples except those generated using SHERPA. The order of the calculation of the cross sections used to normalize the predictions is indicated. The qq → ZH cross section is estimated by subtracting the gg → ZH cross section from the pp → ZH cross section. The asterisk (*) in the last column denotes that the indicated order is for the pp → ZH cross section. NNLO denotes next-to-next-to-leading order; NLL denotes next-to- leading log and NNLL denotes next-to-next-to-leading log. Process Event Generator Parton Shower PDF Tune Cross section (alternative) (alternative) (alternative) qq¯ → ZH POWHEG-BOX v2 [32] PYTHIA 8 PDF4LHC15NLO [33] AZNLO [34] NNLO (QCD)* +GOSAM [35] /CTEQ6L1 [36,37] +NLO (EW) [38–44] +MINLO [45,46] (HERWIG 7 [47]) (A14 [48]) gg → ZH POWHEG-BOX v2 PYTHIA 8 PDF4LHC15NLO AZNLO NLO+NLL (QCD) [17,49–51] (HERWIG 7) /CTEQ6L1 (A14) tt POWHEG-BOX v2 PYTHIA 8 NNPDF3.0NLO [52] A14 NNLO þ NNLL [53] (HERWIG 7) /NNPDF2.3LO ZW, ZZ SHERPA 2.2.1 [54] SHERPA NNPDF3.0NNLO SHERPA NLO (POWHEG-BOX) (PYTHIA 8) Z þ jets SHERPA 2.2.1 SHERPA NNPDF3.0NNLO SHERPA NNLO [55] (MG5_AMC) (PYTHIA 8) (NNPDF2.3LO) (A14) generated using POWHEG-BOX v2. Backgrounds from based technique [63,64] and calibrated [65,66] using single top and multijet production and the contribution p - and η-dependent correction factors determined from from Higgs decays other than bb and cc¯ are assessed to be simulation, with residual corrections from internal jet negligible and not considered further. The Higgs boson properties. Further corrections from in situ measurements mass is set to m ¼ 125 GeV and the top-quark mass is set are applied to data. Selected jets must have p > 20 GeV H T to 172.5 GeV. and jηj < 2.5. Events are required to contain at least two Events are required to have at least one reconstructed jets. If a muon is found within a jet, its momentum is added primary vertex. Electron candidates are reconstructed from to the selected jet. An overlap removal procedure resolves energy clusters in the electromagnetic calorimeter that are cases in which the same physical object is reconstructed associated with charged-particle tracks reconstructed in the multiple times, e.g. an electron also reconstructed as a jet. inner detector [56,57]. Muon candidates are reconstructed by combining inner detector tracks with muon spectrometer 0.5 ATLAS Simulation tracks or energy deposits in the calorimeters consistent with c efficiency 41% 0.45 s = 13 TeV, tt the passage of minimum-ionizing particles [58]. For data c efficiency 30% c efficiency 20% recorded in 2015, the single-electron (muon) trigger 41% efficiency WP 0.4 required a candidate with p > 24ð20Þ GeV; in 2016 the 10 0.35 lepton p threshold was raised to 26 GeV. Events are required to contain a pair of same-flavor leptons, both 0.3 satisfying p > 7 GeV and jηj < 2.5. At least one lepton 0.25 must have p > 27 GeV and correspond to a lepton that passed the trigger. The two leptons are required to satisfy 0.2 loose track-isolation criteria with an efficiency greater 0.15 than 99%. They are required to have opposite charge in dimuon events, but not in dielectron events due to the 0.1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 20 30 non-negligible charge misidentification rate of electrons. b-jet rejection The invariant mass of the dilepton system is required to be consistent with the mass of the Z boson: 81 GeV < FIG. 1. The c-jet-tagging efficiency (colored scale) as a m < 101 GeV. ll function of the b jet and l jet rejection as obtained from simulated Jets are reconstructed from topological energy clusters in tt events. The cross, labeled as working point, WP, denotes the the calorimeters [59,60] using the anti-k algorithm [61] selection criterion used in this analysis. The solid and dotted with a radius parameter of 0.4 implemented in the FASTJET black lines indicate the contours in rejection space for the fixed package [62]. The jet energy is corrected using a jet-area- c-tagging efficiency used in the analysis and two alternatives. 211802-2 Light-jet rejection c-jet efficiency PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) TABLE II. Breakdown of the relative contributions to the total flavor, p , η and the angular separation between jets, rather uncertainty in μ. The statistical uncertainty includes the contri- than imposing a direct requirement on the c-tagging bution from the floating Z þ jets normalization parameters. The discriminants. sum in quadrature of the individual components differs from the Data are analyzed in four categories with different total uncertainty due to correlations between the components. expected signal purities. The dijet invariant mass, m , cc¯ constructed using the two highest-p jets, is the discrimi- Source σ=σ tot nating variable in each category. Categories are defined Statistical 49% using the transverse momentum of the reconstructed Z Floating Z þ jets normalization 31% Z Z Z boson, p (75 GeV ≤ p < 150 GeV and p ≥ 150 GeV) T T T Systematic 87% and the number of c tags amongst the leading jets (either Z Z Flavor tagging 73% one or two). The p requirements exploit the harder p T T Background modeling 47% distribution in ZH compared to Z þ jets production. Lepton, jet and luminosity 28% Background events are rejected by requiring the angular Signal modeling 28% separation between the two jets constituting the dijet MC statistical 6% system, ΔR , to be less than 2.2, 1.5, or 1.3 for events cc¯ Z Z satisfying 75 ≤ p < 150 GeV, 150 ≤ p < 200 GeV, or T T p ≥ 200 GeV. The signal acceptance ranges from 0.5% to Jets in simulated events are labeled according to the 3.4% depending on the category. A joint binned maximum- presence of a heavy-flavor hadron with p > 5 GeV within profile-likelihood fit to m in the categories is used to ΔR ¼ 0.3 from the jet axis. If a b hadron is found the jet is cc¯ extract the signal yield and the Z þ jets background labeled as a b jet. If no b hadron is found, but a c hadron normalization. The fit uses 15 bins in each category within is present, then the jet is labeled as a c jet. Otherwise the jet the range of 50 GeV <m < 200 GeV, with a bin width is labeled as a light-flavor jet (l jet). cc¯ of 10 GeV. The parameter of interest, μ, common to all Flavor-tagging algorithms exploit the different lifetimes categories, is the signal strength, defined as the ratio of the of b, c, and light-flavor hadrons. A c-tagging algorithm is measured signal yield to the SM prediction. used to identify c jets. Charm jets are particularly chal- Systematic uncertainties affecting the signal and back- lenging to tag because c hadrons have shorter lifetimes and ground predictions include theoretical uncertainties in the decay to fewer charged particles than b hadrons. Boosted signal and background modeling and experimental uncer- decision trees are trained to obtain two multivariate tainties. Table II shows their relative impact on the fitted discriminants: to separate c jets from l jets and c jets from value of μ. Uncertainties in the m shape of the back- b jets. The same variables used for b tagging [67,68] are cc¯ grounds are assessed by comparisons between nominal and used. Figure 1 shows the selection criteria applied in the alternative event generators as indicated in Table I. two-dimensional multivariate discriminant space, to obtain Systematic uncertainties are incorporated within the an efficiency of 41% for c jets and rejection factors of 4.0 statistical model through nuisance parameters that modify and 20 for b jets and l jets. The efficiencies are calibrated to the shape and/or normalization of the distributions. data using b quarks from t → Wb and c quarks from Statistical uncertainties in the simulation samples are W → cs, cd with methods identical to the b-tagging accounted for. The Z þ jets background is normalized algorithms [67]. Statistical uncertainties in the simulation from the data through the inclusion of an unconstrained are reduced, by weighting events according to the tagging normalization parameter for each category. The fitted efficiencies of their jets, parametrized as a function of jet TABLE III. Postfit yields for the signal and background processes in each category from the profile likelihood fit. Uncertainties include statistical and systematic contributions. The prefit SM expected ZHðcc¯Þ signal yields are indicated in parenthesis. Yield, 50 GeV <m < 200 GeV cc¯ Sample 1 c tag 2 c tags Z Z Z Z 75 ≤ p < 150 GeV p ≥ 150 GeV 75 ≤ p < 150 GeV p ≥ 150 GeV T T T T Z þ jets 69400 500 15650 180 5320 100 1280 40 ZW 750 130 290 50 53 13 20 5 ZZ 490 70 180 28 55 18 26 8 tt 2020 280 130 50 240 40 13 6 ZHðbbÞ 32 219.5 1.54.1 0.42.7 0.2 ZHðcc¯Þ (SM) −143 170 ð2.4Þ −84 100 ð1.4Þ −30 40 ð0.7Þ −20 29 ð0.5Þ Total 72500 320 16180 140 5650 80 1320 40 Data 72504 16181 5648 1320 211802-3 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) Data Data ATLAS 220 ATLAS Pre-fit Pre-fit 800 -1 -1 s = 13 TeV, 36.1 fb s = 13 TeV, 36.1 fb Fit Result Fit Result Z 200 4 Z 2 c -tags, 75 ≤ p < 150 GeV Z + jets 2 c -tags, p ≥ 150 GeV Z + jets T T tt tt 180 3 ZZ ZZ ZW ZW 600 160 10 ZH(bb) ZH(bb) ZH(cc) (100×SM) ZH(cc) (100×SM) 10 120 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0 0 0.9 0.8 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0.8 0.6 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 obs_x_Chan_mi_2t2pj_2L obs_x_Chan_hi_2t2pj_2L m [GeV] m [GeV] cc cc (a) (b) FIG. 2. Observed and predicted m distributions in the 2 c-tag analysis categories. The expected signal is scaled by a factor of 100. cc¯ Backgrounds are corrected to the results of the fit to the data. The predicted background from the simulation is shown as red dashed histograms. The ratios of the data to the fitted background are shown in the lower panels. The error bands indicate the sum in quadrature of the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background prediction. normalization parameters range between 1.13 and 1.30. All with the profile likelihood ratio as the test statistic. The þ2.1 other background normalization factors are correlated observed (expected) upper limit is found to be 2.7 (3.9 ) −1.1 between categories, with acceptance uncertainties of order pb at the 95% C.L. This corresponds to an observed 10% to account for relative variations between categories. (expected) upper limit on μ at the 95% C.L. of 110 þ80 The dominant contributions to the uncertainty in μ are the (150 ). The uncertainties in the expected limits corre- −40 efficiency of the tagging algorithms, the jet energy scale and spond to the 1σ interval of background-only pseudoex- resolution, and the background modeling. The largest periments. With the current sensitivity, the result depends uncertainty is due to the normalization of the dominant Z þ ¯ weakly on the assumption of the SM rate for H → bb. The jets background. The typical uncertainty in the tagging observed limit remains within 5% of the nominal value efficiency is 25% for c jets, 5% for b jets, and 20% for l jets. when the assumed value for normalization of the ZHðbbÞ Table III shows the fitted signal and background yields. background is varied from zero to twice the SM prediction. The m distributions in the 2 c tag categories are shown in cc A search for the decay of the Higgs boson to charm Fig. 2 with the background shapes and normalizations −1 quarks has been performed using 36.1 fb of data col- pffiffiffi according to the result of the fit. Good agreement is lected with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s ¼ observed between the postfit shapes of the distributions 13 TeV at the LHC. No significant excess of ZHðcc¯Þ and the data. production is observed over the SM background expect- The analysis procedure is validated by measuring the ation. The observed upper limit on σðpp → ZHÞ × BðH → yield of ZV production, where V denotes a W or Z boson, cc¯Þ is 2.7 pb at the 95% C.L. The corresponding expected with the same event selection. The fraction of the ZZ yield þ2.1 upper limit is 3.9 pb. This is the most stringent limit to −1.1 from Z → cc¯ decays is ∼55% (20%) in the 2 c tag (1 c tag) date in direct searches for the inclusive decay of the Higgs category, while the fraction of the ZW yield from W → cs, boson to charm quarks. cd is ∼65% for both the 2 and 1 c tag categories. Contributions of Higgs boson decays to cc¯ and bb are We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the treated as background and constrained to the SM predic- LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions tions within its theoretical uncertainties. The diboson signal without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. þ0.5 strength is measured to be μ ¼ 0.6 with an observed We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; ZV −0.4 (expected) significance of 1.4 (2.2) standard deviations. YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, The best-fit value for the ZHðcc¯Þ signal strength is Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and μ ¼ −69 101. By assuming a signal with the kin- FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ZH ematics of the SM Higgs boson, model-dependent correc- CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; tions are made to extrapolate to the inclusive phase space. COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and Hence, an upper limit on σðpp → ZHÞ × BðH → cc¯Þ is VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; computed using a modified frequentist CL method [69,70] IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, 211802-4 Events / 10 GeV Events / ( 10 ) Data/Bkgd. Events / 10 GeV Events / ( 10 ) Data/Bkgd. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) [7] ATLAS Collaboration, Evidence for the spin-0 nature of the Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Higgs boson using ATLAS data, Phys. Lett. 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Zwalinski (ATLAS Collaboration) Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Physics Department, SUNY Albany, Albany, New York, USA Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 4a Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 4b Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey 4c Division of Physics, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey LAPP, CNRS/IN2P3 and Universite´ Savoie Mont Blanc, Annecy-le-Vieux, France High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Greece Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA Department of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 20a Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey 20b Department of Physics Engineering, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey 20d Istanbul Bilgi University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey 20e Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Narino, Bogota, Colombia 22a INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 22b Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA 26a Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 26b Electrical Circuits Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil 26c Federal University of Sao Joao del Rei (UFSJ), Sao Joao del Rei, Brazil 26d Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA 28a Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania 28b Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania 211802-15 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) 28c Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania 28d National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department, Cluj Napoca, Romania 28e University Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania 28f West University in Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada CERN, Geneva, Switzerland Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA 34a Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile 34b Departamento de Física, Universidad Tecnica ´ Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile 35a Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 35b Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China 35c Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 35d University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing, China 36a Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China 36b School of Physics, Shandong University, Shandong, China 36c School of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 36d Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai, China Universite´ Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington, New York, USA Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark 40a INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy 40b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` della Calabria, Rende, Italy 41a AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow, Poland 41b Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen, Hamburg and Berlin, Germany Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik IV, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Institut für Kern-und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany Departement de Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire, Universite´ de Geneve, ` Geneva, Switzerland 53a INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy 53b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Genova, Genova, Italy 54a E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia 54b High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia II Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany SUPA—School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Universite´ Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 60a Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 60b Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Faculty of Applied Information Science, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Hiroshima, Japan 62a Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China 62b Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China 62c Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA Institut für Astro-und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Innsbruck, Austria University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA 211802-16 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Dubna, Russia KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Kyoto University of Education, Kyoto, Japan Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom 76a INFN Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy 76b Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universita` del Salento, Lecce, Italy Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, USA Laboratoire de Physique Nucleaire ´ et de Hautes Energies, UPMC and Universite´ Paris-Diderot and CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund, Sweden Departamento de Fisica Teorica C-15, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universite´ and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec ´ , Canada School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA 94a INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy 94b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Milano, Milano, Italy B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of Byelorussian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec ´ , Canada P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 106a INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy 106b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Napoli, Napoli, Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York, USA The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA Palacký University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic Center for High Energy Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universite´ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom 211802-17 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) 123a INFN Sezione di Pavia, Italy 123b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Pavia, Pavia, Italy Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” B.P.Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia 126a INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy 126b Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Universita` di Pisa, Pisa, Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 128a Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas—LIP, Lisboa, Portugal 128b Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 128c Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 128d Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal 128e Departamento de Fisica, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal 128f Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Portugal 128g Dep Fisica and CEFITEC of Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague, Praha, Czech Republic Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic State Research Center Institute for High Energy Physics (Protvino), NRC KI, Russia Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom 134a INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy 134b Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universita` di Roma, Roma, Italy 135a INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 135b Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy 136a INFN Sezione di Roma Tre, Roma, Italy 136b Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Universita` Roma Tre, Roma, Italy 137a Faculte´ des Sciences Ain Chock, Res ´ eau Universitaire de Physique des Hautes Energies—Universite´ Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco 137b Centre National de l’Energie des Sciences Techniques Nucleaires, Rabat, Morocco 137c Faculte´ des Sciences Semlalia, Universite´ Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech, Morocco 137d Faculte´ des Sciences, Universite´ Mohamed Premier and LPTPM, Oujda, Morocco 137e Faculte´ des sciences, Universite´ Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers), CEA Saclay (Commissariat al ` ’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), Gif-sur-Yvette, France Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California, USA 146a Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic 146b Department of Subnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovak Republic 147a Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa 147b Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 147c School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 148a Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Sweden 148b The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm, Sweden Physics Department, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Physics, Technion: Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 211802-18 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) 162a INFN-TIFPA, Trento, Italy 162b University of Trento, Trento, Italy 163a TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 163b Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Integrated Research in Fundamental Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA 167a INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy 167b ICTP, Trieste, Italy 167c Dipartimento di Chimica, Fisica e Ambiente, Universita` di Udine, Udine, Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Spain Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Particle Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire ´ et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Villeurbanne, France Academia Sinica Grid Computing, Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Deceased. Also at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom. Also at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. Also at Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia. Also at TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Also at Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Also at Physics Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. Also at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. Also at II Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany. Also at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Also at Tomsk State University, Tomsk, and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia. Also at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing, China. Also at Universita di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli, Italy. Also at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP), Canada. Also at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania. Also at CPPM, Aix-Marseille Universite´ and CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France. Also at Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Also at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA. Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios, Greece. Also at Centre for High Performance Computing, CSIR Campus, Rosebank, Cape Town, South Africa. Also at Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA. Also at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. Also at Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Also at LAL, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Universite´ Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. Also at Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. aa Also at Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany. bb Also at Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen/Nikhef, Nijmegen, Netherlands. cc Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia. dd Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. ee Also at Georgian Technical University (GTU),Tbilisi, Georgia. ff Also at Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan. 211802-19 PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 120, 211802 (2018) gg Also at Manhattan College, New York, NY, USA. hh Also at Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece. ii Also at The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA. jj Also at Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Portugal. kk Also at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA. ll Also at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology State University, Dolgoprudny, Russia. mm Also at Departement de Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire, Universite´ de Gene`ve, Geneva, Switzerland. nn Also at Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. oo Also at Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. pp Also at School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. qq Also at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. rr Also at Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. ss Also at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia. tt Also at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. uu Also at Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary. vv Also at Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Turkey. ww Also at Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. xx Also at University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. yy Also at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. 211802-20
Journal
Physical Review Letters – Unpaywall
Published: May 22, 2018