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YS Kim, HJ Lee, SH Cho, JD Lee, HS Kim (2014)
Early postoperative treatment of thyroidectomy scars using botulinum toxin: A split-scar, double-blind randomized controlled trial., 22
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N Silpa-Archa, I Kohli, S Chaowattanapanit, HW Lim, I Hamzavi (2017)
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The efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser combined with topical type A botulinum toxin for facial rejuvenation: A randomized controlled split-face study., 2016
BJ Lee, JH Jeong, SG Wang, JC Lee, EK Goh, HW Kim (2009)
Effect of botulinum toxin type a on a rat surgical wound model., 2
HG Gassner, DA Sherris, CC Otley (2000)
Treatment of facial wounds with botulinum toxin A improves cosmetic outcome in primates., 105
TK Kim, EJ Oh, JY Chung, JW Park, BC Cho, HY Chung (2009)
The effects of botulinum toxin A on the survival of a random cutaneous flap., 62
M Ziade, S Domergue, D Batifol (2013)
Use of botulinum toxin type A to improve treatment of facial wounds: A prospective randomised study., 66
B Mahdavian Delavary, WM van der Veer, M van Egmond, FB Niessen, RH Beelen (2011)
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Botulinum toxin type A: Implications in wound healing, facial cutaneous scarring, and cleft lip repair., 33
GG Gauglitz, HC Korting, T Pavicic, T Ruzicka, MG Jeschke (2011)
Hypertrophic scarring and keloids: Pathomechanisms and current and emerging treatment strategies., 17
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Skin scarring., 326
HS Kim, BJ Kim, JY Lee, HO Kim, YM Park (2011)
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Botulinum toxin to minimize facial scarring., 28
X Zhibo, Z Miaobo (2008)
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L Hu, Y Zou, SJ Chang (2018)
Effects of botulinum toxin on improving facial surgical scars: A prospective, split-scar, double-blind, randomized controlled trial., 141
C Huang, K Miyazaki, S Akaishi, A Watanabe, H Hyakusoku, R Ogawa (2013)
Biological effects of cellular stretch on human dermal fibroblasts., 66
PB Arnold, T Fang, SJ Songcharoen, G Ziakas, F Zhang (2014)
Inflammatory response and survival of pedicled abdominal flaps in a rat model after perivascular application of botulinum toxin type A., 133
JM Ha, HS Kim, EB Cho (2014)
Comparison of the effectiveness of nonablative fractional laser versus pulsed-dye laser in thyroidectomy scar prevention., 26
JH Kim, JY Sung, YH Kim (2012)
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J Zhu, X Ji, Y Xu (2017)
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JJ Nordlund (1988)
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SH Lee, HJ Min, YW Kim, YW Cheon (2018)
The efficacy and safety of early postoperative botulinum toxin A injection for facial scars., 42
Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BTxA) injection is effective for surgical scar prevention. Although some studies have aimed to confirm the efficacy of BTxA injection at different time points, none has been conducted to determine the most appropriate timing of injection for scar management. The authors predicted that the injection of BTxA at different times during the wound healing process would cause differing scar quality improvement and clarify unknown molecular mechanisms. Methods: The study included adults who underwent thyroidectomy. All patients received paralesional BTxA injections on the day of the surgery on either the right or left side of the operative site. The same dose was injected on the noninjected side by means of the same method after 2 weeks. At 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively, the modified Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale, visual analogue scale, and erythema index were used for objective, subjective, and quantitative evaluations of the scar. At week 24 postoperatively, a quantitative scar assessment was performed with respect to the erythema index, skin elasticity, melanin index, and friction. Results: On objective evaluation of the scar and patient satisfaction at 24 weeks postoperatively, the operation-day injection side showed better outcomes than the 2-week-postoperative injection side. These differences were significant from postoperative week 4. In the final quantitative scar assessment at postoperative week 24, significant improvements were observed in the erythema index and skin elasticity. Conclusion: These results suggest that immediate postoperative BTxA injection is more effective for thyroidectomy scar management in terms of erythema, skin elasticity, and patient satisfaction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Oct 1, 2019
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