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Comparison of Virtual Cystoscopy and Ultrasonography for Bladder Cancer Detection: A Meta-Analysis

Comparison of Virtual Cystoscopy and Ultrasonography for Bladder Cancer Detection: A Meta-Analysis Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ultrasound-quarterly by BhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVA5KvPVPZ0P5BEgU+IUTEfzO/GUWifn2IfwcEVVH9SSn on 06/10/2020 LITERATURE REVIEWS Yoshimi Endo, MD, Section Editor sessing melanocytic tumors. Conventional were 0.981, 0.948, and 0.962, respec- Rapid Detection of Aortic ultrasound is useful for assessing the ver- tively. Summary receiver operating char- Occlusion With Emergency tical thickness of tumors; the authors sug- acteristic curves were also constructed for gest that elastography may have a role in each modality. Ultrasonography distinguishing benign from malignant The authors conclude that CTVC, Roxas R, et al. Ann Emerg Med. lesions. having the highest sensitivity and speci- 2011;58:21Y23. Differences in tissue strain can be ficity, was the best diagnostic modal- This case report describes 2 patients with color-coded on elastography, with ‘‘hard’’ ity for evaluation of bladder cancers, aortic occlusion diagnosed by bedside tissue and ‘‘soft,’’ easily deformable tissue although they state that more studies are emergency ultrasound. Patients with aor- being assigned different colors. Elasto- needed to compare the diagnostic per- tic occlusion can present in 2 different graphy on 2 patients with cutaneous le- formance of MRVC to that of CTVC. ways: as an acute vascular emergency or sions showed predominance of dark blue Ultrasound, a less costly alternative, had with chronic symptoms in an otherwise areas within the lesions, indicating ‘‘hard high specificity but relatively poor sen- well-appearing patient (Leriche syndrome). tissue,’’ compared with green areas within sitivity. Nevertheless, ultrasound may The former has a high perioperative mor- a nevus, which was used as a negative still play a role in certain situations, tality of 50%, but the latter also has a sig- control. Histopathology revealed super- such as in patients with known contrast nificant mortality rate of 9%. ficial spreading melanomas in both of the allergies. Bedside ultrasound performed by patients. the emergency department revealed com- To the authors’ knowledge, although plete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta by elastography has been used for evaluation echogenic thrombus in both of the pa- of malignancies in noncutaneous organs tients, with color Doppler demonstrating such as the breast and prostate, this is the flow in the inferior vena cava but not in first description of elastography being used the aorta. to assess lesions of the skin. The Development and Patients with acute aortic occlusion may or may not present with the classic Clinical Applications of ‘‘6 P’s’’ of pain, pallor, paresthesias, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound paralysis, poikilothermia, and eventual pulselessness. According to the authors, McNally EG. Skeletal Radiol. Comparison of Virtual emergency ultrasound has not been stu- 2011;40:1223Y1231. died as a tool to diagnose acute aortic Cystoscopy and This article reviews the development of occlusion, but they suggest that screen- ultrasound from a historical perspective, Ultrasonography for ing with ultrasound may allow immedi- the technological advancements in the ate surgical intervention. The inability to Bladder Cancer Detection: past several decades, and more recent detect collateral vessels for distinguish- and ongoing developments applicable to A Meta-Analysis ing chronic versus acute aortic occlusion musculoskeletal ultrasound. is one limitation of ultrasound. Qu X, et al. Eur J Radiol. The advent of B-mode ultrasound 2011;80:188Y197. led to clinical applications initially in The goal of this meta-analysis was to breast, obstetric, and gynecologic ima- compare ultrasound to computed tomog- ging in the 1960s. Ultrasound imaging raphy virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) and of musculoskeletal tumors was first pub- magnetic resonance virtual cystoscopy lished in 1975. Particularly important to (MRVC) for the detection of bladder musculoskeletal ultrasound was the devel- Real-Time Tissue cancer. Virtual cystoscopy allows views opment of linear array probes, which Elastography: A Helpful similar to that of cystoscopy utilizing re- allowed the correction of artifact related constructions derived from cross-sectional to anisotropy, and the shift to digital Tool in the Diagnosis of imaging data. signal analysis, which paved the way for Cutaneous Melanoma? Twenty-six published studies invol- many software improvements such as har- ving 3084 persons fulfilled the inclusion monic and panoramic imaging. Hinz T, et al. J Am Acad Dermatol. criteria for the meta-analysis. All the The author gives a brief descrip- 2011;65:424Y426. studies used conventional cystoscopy as tion of the important applications of In this case report, the authors describe the reference standard. The pooled sen- ultrasound for each joint of the body, the use of ultrasound elastography in as- sitivities for CTVC, MRVC, and ultra- including the use of dynamic ultrasound. sound were 0.939, 0.908, and 0.779, More recent advancements in ultra- The author declares no conflict of interest. respectively, and the pooled specificities sound, with their specific application to Ultrasound Quarterly & Volume 28, Number 1, March 2012 www.ultrasound-quarterly.com 41 Copyright © 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ultrasound-quarterly by BhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVA5KvPVPZ0P5BEgU+IUTEfzO/GUWifn2IfwcEVVH9SSn on 06/10/2020 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Ultrasound quarterly Wolters Kluwer Health

Comparison of Virtual Cystoscopy and Ultrasonography for Bladder Cancer Detection: A Meta-Analysis

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Ultrasound quarterly , Volume 28 (1) – Mar 1, 2012
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Publisher
Wolters Kluwer Health
ISSN
0894-8771
eISSN
1536-0253
DOI
10.1097/01.RUQ.0000412971.03953.3e
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Abstract

Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ultrasound-quarterly by BhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVA5KvPVPZ0P5BEgU+IUTEfzO/GUWifn2IfwcEVVH9SSn on 06/10/2020 LITERATURE REVIEWS Yoshimi Endo, MD, Section Editor sessing melanocytic tumors. Conventional were 0.981, 0.948, and 0.962, respec- Rapid Detection of Aortic ultrasound is useful for assessing the ver- tively. Summary receiver operating char- Occlusion With Emergency tical thickness of tumors; the authors sug- acteristic curves were also constructed for gest that elastography may have a role in each modality. Ultrasonography distinguishing benign from malignant The authors conclude that CTVC, Roxas R, et al. Ann Emerg Med. lesions. having the highest sensitivity and speci- 2011;58:21Y23. Differences in tissue strain can be ficity, was the best diagnostic modal- This case report describes 2 patients with color-coded on elastography, with ‘‘hard’’ ity for evaluation of bladder cancers, aortic occlusion diagnosed by bedside tissue and ‘‘soft,’’ easily deformable tissue although they state that more studies are emergency ultrasound. Patients with aor- being assigned different colors. Elasto- needed to compare the diagnostic per- tic occlusion can present in 2 different graphy on 2 patients with cutaneous le- formance of MRVC to that of CTVC. ways: as an acute vascular emergency or sions showed predominance of dark blue Ultrasound, a less costly alternative, had with chronic symptoms in an otherwise areas within the lesions, indicating ‘‘hard high specificity but relatively poor sen- well-appearing patient (Leriche syndrome). tissue,’’ compared with green areas within sitivity. Nevertheless, ultrasound may The former has a high perioperative mor- a nevus, which was used as a negative still play a role in certain situations, tality of 50%, but the latter also has a sig- control. Histopathology revealed super- such as in patients with known contrast nificant mortality rate of 9%. ficial spreading melanomas in both of the allergies. Bedside ultrasound performed by patients. the emergency department revealed com- To the authors’ knowledge, although plete occlusion of the infrarenal aorta by elastography has been used for evaluation echogenic thrombus in both of the pa- of malignancies in noncutaneous organs tients, with color Doppler demonstrating such as the breast and prostate, this is the flow in the inferior vena cava but not in first description of elastography being used the aorta. to assess lesions of the skin. The Development and Patients with acute aortic occlusion may or may not present with the classic Clinical Applications of ‘‘6 P’s’’ of pain, pallor, paresthesias, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound paralysis, poikilothermia, and eventual pulselessness. According to the authors, McNally EG. Skeletal Radiol. Comparison of Virtual emergency ultrasound has not been stu- 2011;40:1223Y1231. died as a tool to diagnose acute aortic Cystoscopy and This article reviews the development of occlusion, but they suggest that screen- ultrasound from a historical perspective, Ultrasonography for ing with ultrasound may allow immedi- the technological advancements in the ate surgical intervention. The inability to Bladder Cancer Detection: past several decades, and more recent detect collateral vessels for distinguish- and ongoing developments applicable to A Meta-Analysis ing chronic versus acute aortic occlusion musculoskeletal ultrasound. is one limitation of ultrasound. Qu X, et al. Eur J Radiol. The advent of B-mode ultrasound 2011;80:188Y197. led to clinical applications initially in The goal of this meta-analysis was to breast, obstetric, and gynecologic ima- compare ultrasound to computed tomog- ging in the 1960s. Ultrasound imaging raphy virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) and of musculoskeletal tumors was first pub- magnetic resonance virtual cystoscopy lished in 1975. Particularly important to (MRVC) for the detection of bladder musculoskeletal ultrasound was the devel- Real-Time Tissue cancer. Virtual cystoscopy allows views opment of linear array probes, which Elastography: A Helpful similar to that of cystoscopy utilizing re- allowed the correction of artifact related constructions derived from cross-sectional to anisotropy, and the shift to digital Tool in the Diagnosis of imaging data. signal analysis, which paved the way for Cutaneous Melanoma? Twenty-six published studies invol- many software improvements such as har- ving 3084 persons fulfilled the inclusion monic and panoramic imaging. Hinz T, et al. J Am Acad Dermatol. criteria for the meta-analysis. All the The author gives a brief descrip- 2011;65:424Y426. studies used conventional cystoscopy as tion of the important applications of In this case report, the authors describe the reference standard. The pooled sen- ultrasound for each joint of the body, the use of ultrasound elastography in as- sitivities for CTVC, MRVC, and ultra- including the use of dynamic ultrasound. sound were 0.939, 0.908, and 0.779, More recent advancements in ultra- The author declares no conflict of interest. respectively, and the pooled specificities sound, with their specific application to Ultrasound Quarterly & Volume 28, Number 1, March 2012 www.ultrasound-quarterly.com 41 Copyright © 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ultrasound-quarterly by BhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVA5KvPVPZ0P5BEgU+IUTEfzO/GUWifn2IfwcEVVH9SSn on 06/10/2020

Journal

Ultrasound quarterly – Wolters Kluwer Health

Published: Mar 1, 2012

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