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P. Rostkowski, S. Taniyasu, N. Yamashita, J. Falandysz, Ł. Zegarowski, A. Chojnacka, K. Pazdro, J. Falandysz (2009)
Survey of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in surface waters of PolandJournal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 44
L. Ahrens, W. Gerwinski, N. Theobald, R. Ebinghaus (2010)
Sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Norwegian Sea: Evidence from their spatial distribution in surface water.Marine pollution bulletin, 60 2
R. Bossi, J. Strand, O. Sortkjær, M. Larsen (2008)
Perfluoroalkyl compounds in Danish wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments.Environment international, 34 4
L. Ahrens, J. Barber, Zhiyong Xie, R. Ebinghaus (2009)
Longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the surface water of the Atlantic Ocean.Environmental science & technology, 43 9
Conder J. M.
Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory lipophilic compounds.
Annekatrin Dreyer, V. Matthias, I. Weinberg, R. Ebinghaus (2010)
Wet deposition of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Northern Germany.Environmental pollution, 158 5
Annekatrin Dreyer, I. Weinberg, C. Temme, R. Ebinghaus (2009)
Polyfluorinated compounds in the atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: evidence for a global distribution.Environmental science & technology, 43 17
C. Lau, K. Anitole, C. Hodes, D. Lai, Andrea Pfahles-Hutchens, J. Seed (2007)
Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 99 2
J. Giesy, K. Kannan (2001)
Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife.Environmental science & technology, 35 7
Jonathan Martin, S. Mabury, K. Solomon, D. Muir (2003)
Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 22
M. Exner, H. Färber (2006)
Perfluorinated Surfactants in Surface and Drinking Waters (9 pp)Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 13
Ahrens L.
Determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in water samples.
S. Leeuwen, C. Swart, I. Veen, J. Boer (2009)
Significant improvements in the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in water and fish: results from an interlaboratory method evaluation study.Journal of chromatography. A, 1216 3
Sapota G.
Polychlorinated
A. Möller, L. Ahrens, Renate Surm, J. Westerveld, F. Wielen, R. Ebinghaus, P. Voogt (2010)
Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed.Environmental pollution, 158 10
Konstantinos Prevedouros, I. Cousins, R. Buck, S. Korzeniowski (2006)
Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates.Environmental science & technology, 40 1
F. Wania (2007)
A global mass balance analysis of the source of perfluorocarboxylic acids in the Arctic Ocean.Environmental science & technology, 41 13
D. Wodarg, P. Kömp, M. McLachlan (2004)
A baseline study of polychlorinated biphenyl and hexachlorobenzene concentrations in the western Baltic Sea and Baltic ProperMarine Chemistry, 87
G. Sapota (2004)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in seawater of the southern Baltic SeaDesalination, 162
J. Conder, R. Hoke, W. Wolf, M. Russell, R. Buck (2008)
Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds.Environmental science & technology, 42 4
S. Rayne, K. Forest (2009)
Perfluoroalkyl sulfonic and carboxylic acids: A critical review of physicochemical properties, levels and patterns in waters and wastewaters, and treatment methodsJournal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 44
J. Busch, L. Ahrens, Zhiyong Xie, R. Sturm, R. Ebinghaus (2010)
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the East Greenland Arctic Ocean.Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 12 6
N. Yamashita, K. Kannan, S. Taniyasu, Y. Horii, Tsuyoshi Okazawa, G. Petrick, T. Gamo (2004)
Analysis of perfluorinated acids at parts-per-quadrillion levels in seawater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Environmental science & technology, 38 21
R. Kallenborn, U. Berger, U. Järnberg, M. Dam, B. Hedlund, A. Lundgren, Betty Bügel, S. Sigurdsson (2004)
Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) in the Nordic environment Perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) in the Nordic environment
Rostkowski P.
Survey of perfluorinated
L. Tao, K. Kannan, N. Kajiwara, Mónica Costa, G. Fillmann, Shin Takahashi, S. Tanabe (2006)
Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorochemicals in albatrosses, elephant seals, penguins, and polar skuas from the Southern Ocean.Environmental science & technology, 40 24
S. Taniyasu, K. Kannan, M. So, A. Gulkowska, E. Sinclair, Tsuyoshi Okazawa, N. Yamashita (2005)
Analysis of fluorotelomer alcohols, fluorotelomer acids, and short- and long-chain perfluorinated acids in water and biota.Journal of chromatography. A, 1093 1-2
Karin Wiberg, E. Brorström-Lundén, I. Wängberg, T. Bidleman, Peter Haglund (2001)
Concentrations and fluxes of hexachlorocyclohexanes and chiral composition of alpha-HCH in environmental samples from the southern Baltic Sea.Environmental science & technology, 35 24
A. Pistocchi, R. Loos (2009)
A map of European emissions and concentrations of PFOS and PFOA.Environmental science & technology, 43 24
A. Jensen, P. Poulsen, R. Bossi (2008)
Survey and environmental/health assessment of fluorinated substances in impregnated consumer products and impregnating agents
Environmental context. Perfluorinated compounds are man-made chemicals of emerging environmental concern because of their global distribution in water, air and biota. We investigate the distribution of these chemicals in surface water of the Baltic Sea, a unique ecosystem and the world’s largest body of brackish water. The observed contamination was of the same order of magnitude as classical persistent organic pollutants in the world’s oceans, and decreased with lower population density in the Baltic Sea catchments. Abstract. Poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are chemicals of emerging environmental concern. Except for very few coastal sites, PFC contamination of the Baltic Sea has not been investigated. In order to assess the PFC contamination of Baltic Sea water and evaluate the spatial distribution of PFCs, 74 surface water samples from the entire Baltic Sea were taken during two sampling campaigns in the summer of 2008 and analysed for PFCs. Of 40 analysed PFCs, 13 were detected at concentrations below 1 ng L –1 , which indicates a rather low PFC contamination of Baltic Sea surface water. Usually, PFOA was the analyte observed in highest concentrations followed by PFNA, PFBS, and PFOS. PFC concentrations decreased from the Kattegat to the Bothnian Bay and the Gulf of Finland, reflecting the decreasing population density and thus the potential contamination in corresponding catchments or the decreasing influence of potentially contaminated North Sea water.
Environmental Chemistry – CSIRO Publishing
Published: Oct 13, 2010
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