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Agricultural selection and presenceabsence variation in spring-type canola germplasm

Agricultural selection and presenceabsence variation in spring-type canola germplasm Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) is an important oilseed crop worldwide as well as a recent agricultural hybrid species, resulting from crosses between progenitor B. rapa (turnip) and B. oleracea (cabbage) species in the last few thousand years. No wild form of B. napus is known to exist, making B. napus an interesting model for studies of genetic and genomic evolution in a polyploid under agricultural selective pressure. We generated genotype (Illumina Infinium 60K Brassica array) and phenotype data for elite spring-type B. napus lines from Australia, China and India (only one line). Phenotypically, plant growth, silique development and flowering traits were more likely to differentiate Chinese germplasm, whereas resistance to blackleg disease, secondary branching and seed traits were more likely to differentiate Australian germplasm. Genetic differentiation between the Australian and Chinese populations was low (FST=0.035). Genetic relationship was not a predictor of similarity in yield traits between lines. Presenceabsence variants were detected across the population: variants shared by at least three lines were present in every chromosome in the B. napus genome, and large missing chromosome segments (>1Mbp) putatively due to AC genome translocations were observed on chromosomes A7, A10, C1, C2, C6, C8 and C9. Our results highlight that widespread presenceabsence variation is usual in B. napus, and may suggest that phenotypic and genetic diversity are not closely linked within spring-type B. napus from Australia and China, although the low sample numbers in our study prevent strong conclusions. We propose that inbreeding and low levels of genetic diversity, coupled with exchanges between the A and C genomes, were major driving forces behind genome evolution in this recent agricultural crop species. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Crop and Pasture Science CSIRO Publishing

Agricultural selection and presenceabsence variation in spring-type canola germplasm

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Publisher
CSIRO Publishing
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s). Published by CSIRO Publishing
ISSN
1836-0947
eISSN
1836-5795
DOI
10.1071/CP17161
Publisher site
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Abstract

Brassica napus (rapeseed, canola) is an important oilseed crop worldwide as well as a recent agricultural hybrid species, resulting from crosses between progenitor B. rapa (turnip) and B. oleracea (cabbage) species in the last few thousand years. No wild form of B. napus is known to exist, making B. napus an interesting model for studies of genetic and genomic evolution in a polyploid under agricultural selective pressure. We generated genotype (Illumina Infinium 60K Brassica array) and phenotype data for elite spring-type B. napus lines from Australia, China and India (only one line). Phenotypically, plant growth, silique development and flowering traits were more likely to differentiate Chinese germplasm, whereas resistance to blackleg disease, secondary branching and seed traits were more likely to differentiate Australian germplasm. Genetic differentiation between the Australian and Chinese populations was low (FST=0.035). Genetic relationship was not a predictor of similarity in yield traits between lines. Presenceabsence variants were detected across the population: variants shared by at least three lines were present in every chromosome in the B. napus genome, and large missing chromosome segments (>1Mbp) putatively due to AC genome translocations were observed on chromosomes A7, A10, C1, C2, C6, C8 and C9. Our results highlight that widespread presenceabsence variation is usual in B. napus, and may suggest that phenotypic and genetic diversity are not closely linked within spring-type B. napus from Australia and China, although the low sample numbers in our study prevent strong conclusions. We propose that inbreeding and low levels of genetic diversity, coupled with exchanges between the A and C genomes, were major driving forces behind genome evolution in this recent agricultural crop species.

Journal

Crop and Pasture Science – CSIRO Publishing

Published: Aug 14, 2017

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