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Sex/gender differences in cognitive trajectories vary as a function of race/ethnicity

Sex/gender differences in cognitive trajectories vary as a function of race/ethnicity 1BackgroundAccurate identification of cognitive aging disparities is an important step in eventually eliminating disparities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Older Blacks and Hispanics are approximately 2 to 3 times more likely to have AD than Non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs) [1–4]. Women aged more than 65 years are two‐thirds of the population and represent nearly two‐thirds of the 5.3 million individuals aged 65 years and older with AD [5]. Racial/ethnic differences in cognitive test performance and rate of decline have been examined, as well as between men and women; however, little has been done to understand how race/ethnicity and sex/gender intersect to define the cognitive health of older Americans. Testing the interactions of race/ethnicity with sex/gender on cognitive trajectories may yield a more nuanced understanding of mechanisms of AD disparities and lead to the development of new strategies to prevent or slow AD‐related cognitive decline.Race/ethnicity is not a reliable indicator of biological variation within the human population [6]. Rather, racial/ethnic categories serve as proxies for sociocultural forces that shape individual level environments and resources (e.g., material conditions, psychological stressors, cognitive engagement, test taking skills), biological mediators (e.g., physical health, health behaviors), and ultimately cognition [7]. Several prior studies have documented cross‐sectional differences http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Alzheimer's & Dementia Wiley

Sex/gender differences in cognitive trajectories vary as a function of race/ethnicity

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References (53)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2019 The Alzheimer's Association
ISSN
1552-5260
eISSN
1552-5279
DOI
10.1016/j.jalz.2019.04.006
Publisher site
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Abstract

1BackgroundAccurate identification of cognitive aging disparities is an important step in eventually eliminating disparities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Older Blacks and Hispanics are approximately 2 to 3 times more likely to have AD than Non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs) [1–4]. Women aged more than 65 years are two‐thirds of the population and represent nearly two‐thirds of the 5.3 million individuals aged 65 years and older with AD [5]. Racial/ethnic differences in cognitive test performance and rate of decline have been examined, as well as between men and women; however, little has been done to understand how race/ethnicity and sex/gender intersect to define the cognitive health of older Americans. Testing the interactions of race/ethnicity with sex/gender on cognitive trajectories may yield a more nuanced understanding of mechanisms of AD disparities and lead to the development of new strategies to prevent or slow AD‐related cognitive decline.Race/ethnicity is not a reliable indicator of biological variation within the human population [6]. Rather, racial/ethnic categories serve as proxies for sociocultural forces that shape individual level environments and resources (e.g., material conditions, psychological stressors, cognitive engagement, test taking skills), biological mediators (e.g., physical health, health behaviors), and ultimately cognition [7]. Several prior studies have documented cross‐sectional differences

Journal

Alzheimer's & Dementia – Wiley

Published: Dec 1, 2019

Keywords: Sex/gender differences; Racial/ethnic differences; Cognitive aging; Cognitive trajectories; Dementia

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