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SPECIAL COMMUNICATION Epigenetics at the Epicenter of Modern Medicine Andrew P. Feinberg, MD, MPH Epigenetics, the study of non-DNA sequence−related heredity, is at the epi- center of modern medicine because it can help to explain the relationship What Is Epigenetics? between an individual’s genetic background, the environment, aging, and Although epigenetics is considered a disease. It can do so because the epigenetic state varies among tissues and relatively new area of medicine, the during a lifetime, whereas the DNA sequence remains essentially the same. term is more than 60 years old. Wad- As cells adapt to a changing internal and external environment, epigenetic dington first used the term epigenetics mechanisms can remember these changes in the normal programming and to describe what is now called devel- reprogramming of gene activity. The common disease genetic and epige- opmental biology, the idea that pheno- netic (CDGE) model provides an epidemiologic framework that can incor- type, or the morphologic and func- tional properties of an organism, arises porate epigenetic with genetic variation in the context of age-related sus- sequentially under a program defined ceptibility to disease. Under CDGE, the epigenetic program can modify the by the genome under the influence of effects
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Mar 19, 2008
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