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Key PointsQuestionIs early hydrocortisone treatment of extremely preterm infants associated with neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years of age? FindingsIn an exploratory analysis of 379 infants enrolled in the PREMILOC (Early Low-Dose Hydrocortisone to Improve Survival without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants) randomized clinical trial who survived to the age of 2 years, early low-dose hydrocortisone treatment was not associated with significantly worse neurodevelopmental impairment compared with placebo (hydrocortisone group: 73% without impairment, 20% with mild impairment, 7% with moderate to severe impairment; placebo group: 70% without impairment, 18% with mild impairment, and 11% with moderate to severe impairment). MeaningEarly low-dose hydrocortisone treatment in extremely preterm infants was not associated with a statistically significant difference in neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. Further randomized studies are needed to provide definitive assessment of the neurodevelopmental safety of hydrocortisone in extremely preterm infants.
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Apr 4, 2017
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