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R. Saitz, T. Palfai, D. Cheng, Daniel Alford, J. Bernstein, C. Lloyd-Travaglini, S. Meli, C. Chaisson, J. Samet (2014)
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Clinical Review & Education JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods Jing Cao, PhD; Song Zhang, PhD Problems can arise when researchers try to assess the statistical 0.95 × 0.95, or 90%. With 20 such tests, the probability that all of significance of more than 1 test in a study. In a single test, statistical the20testscorrectlyshowinsignificanceis(0.95) or36%.Sothere significance is often determined based on an observed effect or find- is a 100% − 36%, or 64%, chance of at least 1 false-positive test oc- ing that is unlikely (<5%) to occur due to chance alone. When more curring among the 20 tests. Because this probability quantifies the than 1 comparison is made, the chance of falsely detecting a non- risk of making any false-positive inference by a group, or family, of existent effect increases. This is known as the problem of multiple tests, it is referred to as the family-wise error rate (FWER). The comparisons (MCs), and adjustments can be made in statistical test- FWER generally increases as the number of tests performed in- ing to account for this. creases. For example, assuming IER = 5% and denoting the number In this issue of JAMA, Saitz et al report results of
JAMA – American Medical Association
Published: Aug 6, 2014
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