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Long-term Morbidity Following Jejunoileal Bypass: The Continuing Potential Need for Surgical Reversal

Long-term Morbidity Following Jejunoileal Bypass: The Continuing Potential Need for Surgical... Abstract Objective: To review the late sequelae of jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and the potential role of late surgical reversal in ameliorating morbidity and mortality following JIB. Design: Patients who underwent JIB between 1965 and 1977 were contacted and pertinent health-event information was gathered. Early sequelae were defined as disorders occurring within the first 2 years after JIB; late sequelae were those occurring after 2 years. Health events occurring between () and 23 years after JIB were documented. Setting: A private, tertiary referral center. Patients: Patients underwent JIB for morbid obesity that had failed medical and/or psychiatric interventions. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI) (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters), diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, acute and chronic liver disease, renal disease, JIB reversal, reason for JIB reversal, death, and cause of death. Results: A total of 453 morbidly obese patients underwent JIB. By 2 years following JIB, the mean (±SD) BMI dropped from 49.3±8.1 to 31.1±0.8 and remained at this level until year 15, after which weight gradually increased (BMI, 35.4±3.1). The most severe early complication was acute liver failure, which occurred in 7% of patients and caused seven deaths. At 15 years, the actuarial probability of the most common serious late complications related to JIB were renal disease (37%), with two deaths; diarrhea (29%); and liver disease (10%), with three deaths. One hundred thirty-eight patients (31%) had a bypass reversal. The most common indications for reversal were diarrhea and electrolyte disturbance (29%), renal disease (19%), and liver disease (17%). Fifty-six patients died more than 30 days after JIB: 64% before JIB reversal, 13% at the time of reversal, and 23% subsequently. Conclusions: Jejunoileal bypass is associated with progressive accrual of serious, sometimes life-threatening complications. Lifelong follow-up for early diagnosis and surgical reversal before life is threatened should reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure.(Arch Surg. 1995;130:318-325) References 1. Joffe SN. Surgical management of morbid obesity . Gut . 1981;22:242-254.Crossref 2. Nachlas MM, Crawford DT, Pearl JM. Current status of jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1980;150:256-270. 3. Payne JH, DeWind L, Commons RR. Metabolic observations in patients with jejunocolic shunts . Am J Surg . 1963;106:273-287.Crossref 4. Bodar GF, Pisesky W. Complications of small intestinal short-circuiting for obesity . Arch Surg . 1967;94:707-716.Crossref 5. Maxwell JB, Richards RC, Albo D. Fatty degeneration of the liver after intestinal bypass for obesity . Am J Surg . 1968;116:648-652.Crossref 6. Scott HW, Law DH. Clinical appraisal of jejunoileal shunt in patients with morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1969;17:246-253.Crossref 7. Payne JH, DeWind LT. Surgical treatment of obesity . Am J Surg . 1969;18: 141-147.Crossref 8. Scott HW, Law DH. Jejunoileal shunt in surgical treatment of morbid obesity . Ann Surg . 1970;71:770-782.Crossref 9. Weismann RE. Surgical palliation of massive and severe obesity . Am J Surg . 1973;25:437-446.Crossref 10. Payne JH, DeWind LT, Schwab CE, Kern WH. Surgical treatment of morbid obesity: 16 years of experience . Arch Surg . 1973;106:432-437.Crossref 11. Fikri E, Cassella RR. Jejunoileal bypass for massive obesity . Ann Surg . 1974; 179:460-464.Crossref 12. Dean P, Joshi S, Kaminski DL. Jejunoileal bypass: can the mistake be corrected? Gastroenterology . 1990;98:1710-1719. 13. Dean P, Joshi S, Kaminski DL. Long-term outcome of reversal of small intestinal bypass operations . Am J Surg . 1990;159:118-123.Crossref 14. Phillips RB. Small intestinal bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1978;146:455-468. 15. Andersen T, Juhl E, Quaade F. Fatal outcome after jejunoileal bypass for obesity . Am J Surg . 1981;142:619-621.Crossref 16. Weismann RE, Johnson RE. Fatal hepatic failure after jejunoileal bypass: clinical and laboratory evidence of prognostic significance . Am J Surg . 1977;134: 253-258.Crossref 17. Weismann RE, Cobelli NJ, Naitove A. Hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Bull Soc Int Chir . 1975;6:665-669. 18. Gourlay RH, Reynolds C. Complications of surgery for morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1978;136:54-60.Crossref 19. Halverson JD, Gentry K, Wise L, Ballinger WF. Reanastomosis after jejunoileal bypass . Surgery . 1978;84:241-248. 20. Halverson JD, Wise L, Wazna MF, Ballinger WF. Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: a critical appraisal . Am J Med . 1978;64:461-475.Crossref 21. Baker AL, Elson CO, Jaspan J, Boyer JL. Liver failure with steatonecrosis after jejunoileal bypass: recovery with parenteral nutrition and reanastomosis . Arch Intern Med . 1979;139:289-292.Crossref 22. Moxley RT, Pozefsky T, Lockwood DH. Protein nutrition and liver disease after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . N Engl J Med . 1974;290:921-926.Crossref 23. Jewell WR, Hermreck AS, Hardin CA. Complications of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Arch Surg . 1975;110:1039-1042.Crossref 24. Heimburger SL, Steiger E, Gerfo PL, Biehl AG, Williams ML. Reversal of severe fatty infiltration after intestinal bypass for morbid obesity by calorie free amino acid infusion . Am J Surg . 1975;129:229-235.Crossref 25. Salmon PA, Reedyk L. Fatty metamorphosis in patients with jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1975;141:75-84. 26. Andrassey RJ, Haff RC, Lobritz RW. Liver failure after jejunoileal shunt . Arch Surg . 1975;110:332-334.Crossref 27. Gelbart DR, Brewer LL, Fajardo LF, Weinstein AB. Oxalosis and chronic renal failure after intestinal bypass . Arch Intern Med . 1977;137:239-243.Crossref 28. McFarland RJ, Gazet JC, Pilkington TRE. A 13-year review of jejunoileal bypass . Br J Surg . 1985;72:81-87.Crossref 29. Organ CH, Kessler E, Lane M. Long-term results of jejunoileal bypass in the young . Am Surg . 1984;50:589-593. 30. Hocking MP, Duerson MC, O'Leary JP, Woodward ER. Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: late follow-up on 100 cases . N Engl J Med . 1983;308:995-998.Crossref 31. Iber FL, Cooper M. Jejunoileostomy for the treatment of massive obesity: prevalence, morbidity, and short- and long-term consequences . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977; 30:4-15. 32. Lee ET. Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis . Belmont, Calif: Lifetime Learning Publications; 1980. 33. Sjöström LV. Mortality of severely obese subjects . Am J Clin Nutr . 1992;55 ( (suppl) ):516S-523S. 34. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity: National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement . Am J Clin Nutr . 1992;55( (suppl) ): 615S-619S. 35. Anderson B, Backer O, Baden H. The Danish Obesity Project: randomized trial of jejuno-ileal bypass versus medical treatment in morbid obesity . Lancet . 1979; 2:1255-1258. 36. Ackerman NB. Changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels after jejunoileal and gastric bypasses in morbidly obese patients . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1982;154:1-7. 37. Kirkpatrick JR. Jejunoileal bypass: a legacy of late complications . Arch Surg . 1987;122:610-615.Crossref 38. Zapanta M, Aldo-Benson M, Biegel A, Madura J. Arthritis associated with jejunoileal bypass . Arthritis Rheum . 1979;22:711-717.Crossref 39. Baddeley RM. The management of gross refractory obesity with jejunoileal bypass . Br J Surg . 1979;66:525-532.Crossref 40. Wands JR, LaMont JT, Mann E, Isselbacher KJ. Arthritis associated with intestinal bypass procedure for morbid obesity: complement activation and characterization of circulating cryoproteins . N Engl J Med . 1976;294:121-124.Crossref 41. Drenick EJ, Stanley TM, Border WA, et al. Renal damage with instestinal bypass . Ann Intern Med . 1978;89:594-599.Crossref 42. Drenick EJ. Bypass enteropathy: intestinal and systemic manifestations following small-bowel bypass . JAMA . 1976;236:269-272.Crossref 43. Fuller TJ, Garg LC, Harty RF, Cerda JJ, O'Leary JP. Severe hyperchloremic acidosis complicating jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1978;146:567-571. 44. Oh MS, Phelps KR, Traube M, Barbosa-Saldivar JL, Boxhill C, Carroll H. D-lactic acidosis in a man with the short-bowel syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1979; 301:249-252.Crossref 45. Stolberg L, Rolfe R, Gitlin N, et al. D-lactic acidosis due to abnormal gut flora . N Engl J Med . 1982;36:1344-1348.Crossref 46. Carr DB, Shih VE, Richter JM, Martin JB. D-lactic acidosis simulating a hypothalamic syndrome after bowel bypass . Ann Neurol . 1982;11:195-197.Crossref 47. Ravitch MM. Price of weight loss by jejunoileal shunt . Am Surg . 1979;190: 382-931. 48. Mersheimer WL, Kazarian KK, Dursi JF. A critical analysis of 51 patients with jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1977;145:847-852. 49. Halverson JD, Scheff RD, Gentry IK, Alpers DH. Jejunoileal bypass: late sequelae and weight gain . Am J Surg . 1980;140:347-350.Crossref 50. Peters RL. Patterns of hepatic morphology in jejunoileal bypass patients . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:53-57. 51. Galambos JT. Jejunoileal bypass and nutritional liver injury . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1976;100:229-231. 52. McGill DB, Humphreys SR, Baggenstoss AH, Dickson ER. Cirrhosis and death after jejunoileal shunt . Gastroenterology . 1972;63:872-877. 53. Spin FP, Weismann RE. Death from hepatic failure after jejunoileal anastomosis . Am J Surg . 1975;130:88-91.Crossref 54. Griffen WO, Bivins BA, Bell RM. The decline and fall of the jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1983;157:301-308. 55. Griffen WO, Young VL, Stevenson CC. A prospective comparison of the gastric and jejunoileal bypass procedure for morbid obesity . Ann Surg . 1977;186: 506-509.Crossref 56. Brown RG, O'Leary JP, Woodward ER. Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1974;127:53-58.Crossref 57. Scott HW, Dean R, Shall H, et al. Results of jejunoileal bypass in two hundred patients with morbid obesity . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1977;145:661-673. 58. Dean RH, Scott HW, Shull HJ, Gluck FW. Morbid obesity: problems associated with operative management . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:90-97. 59. Adler M, Schaffner S. Fatty liver hepatitis and cirrhosis in obese patients . Am J Med . 1979;67:811-816.Crossref 60. Braillon A, Capron JP, Hervé MA, DeGott C, Quenum C. Liver in obesity . Gut . 1985;26:133-139.Crossref 61. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Ott BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experience with a hitherto unnamed disease . Mayo Clinic Proc . 1980; 55:434-438. 62. Haines NW, Baker AL, Boyer JL, et al. Prognostic indicators of hepatic injury following jejunoileal bypass performed for refractory obesity: a prospective study . Hepatology . 1981;1:161-167.Crossref 63. Dano P, Nielsen OV, Petri M, Jorgensen B. Liver morphology and liver function before and after intestinal shunt operation for obesity . Scand J Gastroenterol . 1975;10:409-416. 64. Galambos JT, Wills CE. Relationship between 505 paired liver tests and biopsies in 242 obese patients . Gastroenterology . 1978;74:1191-1195. 65. Holzbach RT, Wieland RG. Hepatic lipid in morbid obesity: assessment at and subsequent to jejunoileal bypass . N Engl J Med . 1974;290:296-299.Crossref 66. Holzbach RT. Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:43-52. 67. Styblo T, Martin S, Kaminski DL. The effects of reversal of jejunoileal bypass operations on hepatic triglyceride content and hepatic morphology . Surgery . 1984;96:632-639. 68. Juhl E, Christoffersen P, Baden H, Quaade F. Liver morphology and biochemistry in eight obese patient with jejunoileal anastomosis . N Engl J Med . 1971; 285:543-547.Crossref 69. Lockwood DH, Amatruda JM, Moxley RT, Pozefsky T, Boitnott JK. Effect of oral amino acid supplementation on liver disease after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:58-63. 70. Porta EA, Hartoff WS. Protein deficiency and liver injury . Am J Clin Nutr . 1970; 23:447-461. 71. Burke GW, Cirocco R, Hensley G, et al. Liver transplantation for cirrhosis following jejuno-ileal bypass: regional cytokine differences associated with pathological changes in the transplant liver . Transplantation . 1992;54:374-377.Crossref 72. Shizgal HM, Forse RA, Spanier AH, MacLean LD. Protein malnutrition following intestinal bypass for morbid obesity . Surgery . 1979;86:60-69. 73. Ames FC, Copeland EM, Leeb DC, Moore DL, Dudrick SJ. Liver dysfunction following small bowel bypass for obesity . JAMA . 1976;235:1249-1252.Crossref 74. Ackerman NB. Protein supplementation in the management of degenerating liver function after jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1979;149:8-14. 75. McClelland RN, DeShazo CV, Heimback DM, Eigenbrodt EH, Dowdy ABC. Prevention of hepatic injury after jejunoileal bypass by supplemental jejunostomy feedings. Surg Forum . 1970;21:368-369. 76. Powell-Jackson PR, Maudgal DP, Sharp D, Goldie A, Maxwell JD. Intestinal bacterial metabolism of protein and bile acids: role in pathogenesis of hepatic disease after jejunoileal bypass surgery . Br J Surg . 1979;66:772-775.Crossref 77. Corrodi P, Wideman PA, Sutter VL, Drenick EJ, Passaro E, Finegold SM. Bacterial flora of the small bowel before and after bypass procedure for morbid obesity . J Infect Dis . 1978;137:1-6.Crossref 78. Ranlov I, Hardt F. Regression of liver steatosis following gastroplasty or gastric bypass for morbid obesity . Digestion . 1990;47:208-214.Crossref 79. Clain DJ, Lefkowitch JH. Fatty liver disease in morbid obesity . Gastroenterol Clin North Am . 1987;16:239-252. 80. Wise L, Stein T. Biliary and urinary calculi: pathogenesis following small bowel bypass for obesity . Arch Surg . 1975;110:1043-1047.Crossref 81. Clayman RV, Buchwald H, Varco RL, De Wolf WC, Williams RD. Urolithiasis in patients with a jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1978;147:225-232. 82. Stauffer JQ. Hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis after jejunoileal bypass . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:64-71. 83. O'Leary JP, Thomas WC, Woodward ER. Urinary tract stone after small bowel bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1974;127:142-147.Crossref 84. Vainder M. Kelly J. Renal tubular dysfunction secondary to jejunoileal bypass . JAMA . 1976;235:1257-1258.Crossref 85. Cryer PE, Kissane JM. Renal failure after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Med . 1979;67:971-978.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Surgery American Medical Association

Long-term Morbidity Following Jejunoileal Bypass: The Continuing Potential Need for Surgical Reversal

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References (90)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0004-0010
eISSN
1538-3644
DOI
10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430030088018
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Abstract

Abstract Objective: To review the late sequelae of jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and the potential role of late surgical reversal in ameliorating morbidity and mortality following JIB. Design: Patients who underwent JIB between 1965 and 1977 were contacted and pertinent health-event information was gathered. Early sequelae were defined as disorders occurring within the first 2 years after JIB; late sequelae were those occurring after 2 years. Health events occurring between () and 23 years after JIB were documented. Setting: A private, tertiary referral center. Patients: Patients underwent JIB for morbid obesity that had failed medical and/or psychiatric interventions. Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI) (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters), diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, acute and chronic liver disease, renal disease, JIB reversal, reason for JIB reversal, death, and cause of death. Results: A total of 453 morbidly obese patients underwent JIB. By 2 years following JIB, the mean (±SD) BMI dropped from 49.3±8.1 to 31.1±0.8 and remained at this level until year 15, after which weight gradually increased (BMI, 35.4±3.1). The most severe early complication was acute liver failure, which occurred in 7% of patients and caused seven deaths. At 15 years, the actuarial probability of the most common serious late complications related to JIB were renal disease (37%), with two deaths; diarrhea (29%); and liver disease (10%), with three deaths. One hundred thirty-eight patients (31%) had a bypass reversal. The most common indications for reversal were diarrhea and electrolyte disturbance (29%), renal disease (19%), and liver disease (17%). Fifty-six patients died more than 30 days after JIB: 64% before JIB reversal, 13% at the time of reversal, and 23% subsequently. Conclusions: Jejunoileal bypass is associated with progressive accrual of serious, sometimes life-threatening complications. Lifelong follow-up for early diagnosis and surgical reversal before life is threatened should reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure.(Arch Surg. 1995;130:318-325) References 1. Joffe SN. Surgical management of morbid obesity . Gut . 1981;22:242-254.Crossref 2. Nachlas MM, Crawford DT, Pearl JM. Current status of jejunoileal bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1980;150:256-270. 3. Payne JH, DeWind L, Commons RR. Metabolic observations in patients with jejunocolic shunts . Am J Surg . 1963;106:273-287.Crossref 4. Bodar GF, Pisesky W. Complications of small intestinal short-circuiting for obesity . Arch Surg . 1967;94:707-716.Crossref 5. Maxwell JB, Richards RC, Albo D. Fatty degeneration of the liver after intestinal bypass for obesity . Am J Surg . 1968;116:648-652.Crossref 6. Scott HW, Law DH. Clinical appraisal of jejunoileal shunt in patients with morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1969;17:246-253.Crossref 7. Payne JH, DeWind LT. Surgical treatment of obesity . Am J Surg . 1969;18: 141-147.Crossref 8. Scott HW, Law DH. Jejunoileal shunt in surgical treatment of morbid obesity . Ann Surg . 1970;71:770-782.Crossref 9. Weismann RE. Surgical palliation of massive and severe obesity . Am J Surg . 1973;25:437-446.Crossref 10. Payne JH, DeWind LT, Schwab CE, Kern WH. Surgical treatment of morbid obesity: 16 years of experience . Arch Surg . 1973;106:432-437.Crossref 11. Fikri E, Cassella RR. Jejunoileal bypass for massive obesity . Ann Surg . 1974; 179:460-464.Crossref 12. Dean P, Joshi S, Kaminski DL. Jejunoileal bypass: can the mistake be corrected? Gastroenterology . 1990;98:1710-1719. 13. Dean P, Joshi S, Kaminski DL. Long-term outcome of reversal of small intestinal bypass operations . Am J Surg . 1990;159:118-123.Crossref 14. Phillips RB. Small intestinal bypass for the treatment of morbid obesity . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1978;146:455-468. 15. Andersen T, Juhl E, Quaade F. Fatal outcome after jejunoileal bypass for obesity . Am J Surg . 1981;142:619-621.Crossref 16. Weismann RE, Johnson RE. Fatal hepatic failure after jejunoileal bypass: clinical and laboratory evidence of prognostic significance . Am J Surg . 1977;134: 253-258.Crossref 17. Weismann RE, Cobelli NJ, Naitove A. Hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Bull Soc Int Chir . 1975;6:665-669. 18. Gourlay RH, Reynolds C. Complications of surgery for morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1978;136:54-60.Crossref 19. Halverson JD, Gentry K, Wise L, Ballinger WF. Reanastomosis after jejunoileal bypass . Surgery . 1978;84:241-248. 20. Halverson JD, Wise L, Wazna MF, Ballinger WF. Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: a critical appraisal . Am J Med . 1978;64:461-475.Crossref 21. Baker AL, Elson CO, Jaspan J, Boyer JL. Liver failure with steatonecrosis after jejunoileal bypass: recovery with parenteral nutrition and reanastomosis . Arch Intern Med . 1979;139:289-292.Crossref 22. Moxley RT, Pozefsky T, Lockwood DH. Protein nutrition and liver disease after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . N Engl J Med . 1974;290:921-926.Crossref 23. Jewell WR, Hermreck AS, Hardin CA. Complications of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Arch Surg . 1975;110:1039-1042.Crossref 24. Heimburger SL, Steiger E, Gerfo PL, Biehl AG, Williams ML. Reversal of severe fatty infiltration after intestinal bypass for morbid obesity by calorie free amino acid infusion . Am J Surg . 1975;129:229-235.Crossref 25. Salmon PA, Reedyk L. Fatty metamorphosis in patients with jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1975;141:75-84. 26. Andrassey RJ, Haff RC, Lobritz RW. Liver failure after jejunoileal shunt . Arch Surg . 1975;110:332-334.Crossref 27. Gelbart DR, Brewer LL, Fajardo LF, Weinstein AB. Oxalosis and chronic renal failure after intestinal bypass . Arch Intern Med . 1977;137:239-243.Crossref 28. McFarland RJ, Gazet JC, Pilkington TRE. A 13-year review of jejunoileal bypass . Br J Surg . 1985;72:81-87.Crossref 29. Organ CH, Kessler E, Lane M. Long-term results of jejunoileal bypass in the young . Am Surg . 1984;50:589-593. 30. Hocking MP, Duerson MC, O'Leary JP, Woodward ER. Jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity: late follow-up on 100 cases . N Engl J Med . 1983;308:995-998.Crossref 31. Iber FL, Cooper M. Jejunoileostomy for the treatment of massive obesity: prevalence, morbidity, and short- and long-term consequences . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977; 30:4-15. 32. Lee ET. Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis . Belmont, Calif: Lifetime Learning Publications; 1980. 33. Sjöström LV. Mortality of severely obese subjects . Am J Clin Nutr . 1992;55 ( (suppl) ):516S-523S. 34. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity: National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement . Am J Clin Nutr . 1992;55( (suppl) ): 615S-619S. 35. Anderson B, Backer O, Baden H. The Danish Obesity Project: randomized trial of jejuno-ileal bypass versus medical treatment in morbid obesity . Lancet . 1979; 2:1255-1258. 36. Ackerman NB. Changes in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels after jejunoileal and gastric bypasses in morbidly obese patients . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1982;154:1-7. 37. Kirkpatrick JR. Jejunoileal bypass: a legacy of late complications . Arch Surg . 1987;122:610-615.Crossref 38. Zapanta M, Aldo-Benson M, Biegel A, Madura J. Arthritis associated with jejunoileal bypass . Arthritis Rheum . 1979;22:711-717.Crossref 39. Baddeley RM. The management of gross refractory obesity with jejunoileal bypass . Br J Surg . 1979;66:525-532.Crossref 40. Wands JR, LaMont JT, Mann E, Isselbacher KJ. Arthritis associated with intestinal bypass procedure for morbid obesity: complement activation and characterization of circulating cryoproteins . N Engl J Med . 1976;294:121-124.Crossref 41. Drenick EJ, Stanley TM, Border WA, et al. Renal damage with instestinal bypass . Ann Intern Med . 1978;89:594-599.Crossref 42. Drenick EJ. Bypass enteropathy: intestinal and systemic manifestations following small-bowel bypass . JAMA . 1976;236:269-272.Crossref 43. Fuller TJ, Garg LC, Harty RF, Cerda JJ, O'Leary JP. Severe hyperchloremic acidosis complicating jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1978;146:567-571. 44. Oh MS, Phelps KR, Traube M, Barbosa-Saldivar JL, Boxhill C, Carroll H. D-lactic acidosis in a man with the short-bowel syndrome . N Engl J Med . 1979; 301:249-252.Crossref 45. Stolberg L, Rolfe R, Gitlin N, et al. D-lactic acidosis due to abnormal gut flora . N Engl J Med . 1982;36:1344-1348.Crossref 46. Carr DB, Shih VE, Richter JM, Martin JB. D-lactic acidosis simulating a hypothalamic syndrome after bowel bypass . Ann Neurol . 1982;11:195-197.Crossref 47. Ravitch MM. Price of weight loss by jejunoileal shunt . Am Surg . 1979;190: 382-931. 48. Mersheimer WL, Kazarian KK, Dursi JF. A critical analysis of 51 patients with jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1977;145:847-852. 49. Halverson JD, Scheff RD, Gentry IK, Alpers DH. Jejunoileal bypass: late sequelae and weight gain . Am J Surg . 1980;140:347-350.Crossref 50. Peters RL. Patterns of hepatic morphology in jejunoileal bypass patients . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:53-57. 51. Galambos JT. Jejunoileal bypass and nutritional liver injury . Arch Pathol Lab Med . 1976;100:229-231. 52. McGill DB, Humphreys SR, Baggenstoss AH, Dickson ER. Cirrhosis and death after jejunoileal shunt . Gastroenterology . 1972;63:872-877. 53. Spin FP, Weismann RE. Death from hepatic failure after jejunoileal anastomosis . Am J Surg . 1975;130:88-91.Crossref 54. Griffen WO, Bivins BA, Bell RM. The decline and fall of the jejunoileal bypass . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1983;157:301-308. 55. Griffen WO, Young VL, Stevenson CC. A prospective comparison of the gastric and jejunoileal bypass procedure for morbid obesity . Ann Surg . 1977;186: 506-509.Crossref 56. Brown RG, O'Leary JP, Woodward ER. Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Surg . 1974;127:53-58.Crossref 57. Scott HW, Dean R, Shall H, et al. Results of jejunoileal bypass in two hundred patients with morbid obesity . Surg Gynecol Obstet . 1977;145:661-673. 58. Dean RH, Scott HW, Shull HJ, Gluck FW. Morbid obesity: problems associated with operative management . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:90-97. 59. Adler M, Schaffner S. Fatty liver hepatitis and cirrhosis in obese patients . Am J Med . 1979;67:811-816.Crossref 60. Braillon A, Capron JP, Hervé MA, DeGott C, Quenum C. Liver in obesity . Gut . 1985;26:133-139.Crossref 61. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Ott BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experience with a hitherto unnamed disease . Mayo Clinic Proc . 1980; 55:434-438. 62. Haines NW, Baker AL, Boyer JL, et al. Prognostic indicators of hepatic injury following jejunoileal bypass performed for refractory obesity: a prospective study . Hepatology . 1981;1:161-167.Crossref 63. Dano P, Nielsen OV, Petri M, Jorgensen B. Liver morphology and liver function before and after intestinal shunt operation for obesity . Scand J Gastroenterol . 1975;10:409-416. 64. Galambos JT, Wills CE. Relationship between 505 paired liver tests and biopsies in 242 obese patients . Gastroenterology . 1978;74:1191-1195. 65. Holzbach RT, Wieland RG. Hepatic lipid in morbid obesity: assessment at and subsequent to jejunoileal bypass . N Engl J Med . 1974;290:296-299.Crossref 66. Holzbach RT. Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:43-52. 67. Styblo T, Martin S, Kaminski DL. The effects of reversal of jejunoileal bypass operations on hepatic triglyceride content and hepatic morphology . Surgery . 1984;96:632-639. 68. Juhl E, Christoffersen P, Baden H, Quaade F. Liver morphology and biochemistry in eight obese patient with jejunoileal anastomosis . N Engl J Med . 1971; 285:543-547.Crossref 69. Lockwood DH, Amatruda JM, Moxley RT, Pozefsky T, Boitnott JK. Effect of oral amino acid supplementation on liver disease after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity . Am J Clin Nutr . 1977;30:58-63. 70. Porta EA, Hartoff WS. Protein deficiency and liver injury . Am J Clin Nutr . 1970; 23:447-461. 71. Burke GW, Cirocco R, Hensley G, et al. Liver transplantation for cirrhosis following jejuno-ileal bypass: regional cytokine differences associated with pathological changes in the transplant liver . Transplantation . 1992;54:374-377.Crossref 72. Shizgal HM, Forse RA, Spanier AH, MacLean LD. Protein malnutrition following intestinal bypass for morbid obesity . Surgery . 1979;86:60-69. 73. Ames FC, Copeland EM, Leeb DC, Moore DL, Dudrick SJ. Liver dysfunction following small bowel bypass for obesity . JAMA . 1976;235:1249-1252.Crossref 74. Ackerman NB. 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Journal

Archives of Surgery – American Medical Association

Published: Mar 1, 1995

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