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Pathogenesis of Candidiasis: Immunosuppression by Cell Wall Mannan Catabolites

Pathogenesis of Candidiasis: Immunosuppression by Cell Wall Mannan Catabolites Abstract • Candida albicans cell wall mannan polysaccharide has an ability to negatively influence cell-mediated immune function. We have attempted to identify the mechanism of this phenomenon by testing the modulatory effects of isolated mannan and the chemical catabolites of mannan on cell-mediated immune function in vitro. We have determined that mannan isolated by complexation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is more antigenic than mannan isolated by precipitation with copper and that CTAB mannan does not inhibit lymphoproliferation stimulated by another antigen. We have also determined that ollgosaccharides of three sizes, derived by chemical catabolism of CTAB mannan, are not antigenic, but instead are immunoinhibitory. Immunoinhibition does not involve interference with the mitogenic activity of interleukin 2. A similar occurrence of oligosaccharides may be produced by catabolism of mannan in vivo as evidenced by the presence of oligosaccharides of similar size in cell-free supernatant fluids derived from mononuclear leukocytes incubated with tritiated mannan. We propose that catabolites of fungal mannan may contribute significantly to suppression of cell-mediated immunity in candidiasis. (Arch Surg. 1989;124:1290-1294) References 1. Stone HH, Kolb LD, Currie CA, Geheber CE, Cuzzell JZ. Candida sepsis: pathogenesis and principles of treatments . Ann Surg . 1974;179:697-710.Crossref 2. Solomkin JS, Flohr AM, Simmons RL. Candida infections in surgical patients . Ann Surg . 1982;195:177-185.Crossref 3. Burchard KW, Minor LB, Slotman GJ, Gann DS. Fungal sepsis in surgical patients . Arch Surg . 1983;118:217-221.Crossref 4. Dyess DL, Garrison RN, Fry GE. Candida sepsis . Arch Surg . 1985;120:345-348.Crossref 5. Strinden WD, Helgerson RB, Maki DG. Candida septic thrombosis ofthe central veins associated with central catheters . Ann Surg . 1985;202:653-658.Crossref 6. Paterson PY, Semo R, Blumenschein G, Swelstad J. Mucocutaneous candidiasis, anergy and a plasma inhibitor of cellular immunity: reversal after amphotericin B therapy . Clin Exp Immunol . 1971;9:595-602. 7. Twomey JJ, Waddell CC, Krantz R, O'Reilly R, L'Esperance P, Good RA. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with macrophage dysfunction, a plasma inhibitor, and co-existent aplastic anemia . J Lab Clin Med . 1975;85:968-977. 8. Nelson RD, Herron MJ, McCormack RT, et al. Two mechanisms of inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by soluble yeast mannan polysaccharide . Infect Immun . 1984;43:1041-1046. 9. Fischer A, Ballet JJ, Griscelli C. Specific inhibition of the in vitro Candida-induced lymphocyte proliferation by polysaccharidic antigens present in the serum of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis . J Clin Invest . 1978;62:1005-1112.Crossref 10. Böyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood . Scand J Clin Lab Invest . 1968;21( (suppl 97) ):77-89.Crossref 11. Fink G. The biochemical genetics of yeast . Methods Enzymol . 1970;17( (pt A) ):59-78. 12. Nakajima T, Ballou C. Characterization of the carbohydrate fragments obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan by alkaline degradation . J Biol Chem . 1974;249:7679-7684. 13. Peat SW, Whelan WJ, Edwards TE. Polysaccharides of bakers' yeast: part IV: mannan . J Chem Soc London . 1961;1:29-34. 14. Kozourek J, Ballou C. Method for finger painting yeast cell wall mannans . J Bacteriol . 1969;100:1175-1181. 15. Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances . Anal Chem . 1956;28:350-356.Crossref 16. Lipsky PE. Modulation of human antibody production in vitro by Dpenicillamine and CuSO4: inhibitor of helper T cell function . J Rheumatol . 1981;7( (suppl) ):69-73. 17. Smith KA, Lachman LB, Oppenheim JJ, Favata MF. The functional relationship of the interleukins . J Exp Med . 1980;151:1551-1556.Crossref 18. Smith KA. Interleukin 2: inception, impact and implications . Science . 1988;240:1169-1176.Crossref 19. Zoschke DC, Staite ND. Suppression of human lymphocyte proliferation by activated neutrophils or H2O2: surviving cells have an altered T-helper/T=suppressor ratio and an increased resistance to secondary oxidant exposure . Clin Immunol Immunopathol . 1987;42:160-170.Crossref 20. Haurowitz F. Immunochemistry and the Biosynthesis of Antibodies . New York, NY: Interscience; 1968. 21. Muchmore AV, Decker JM, Blaese RM, Nilsson B. Purification and characterization of a mannose-containing disaccharide obtained from human pregnancy urine: a new immunoregulatory saccharide . J Exp Med . 1984;160:1672-1685.Crossref 22. Ballou C. Structure and biosynthesis of the mannan component of the yeast cell envelope . Adv Microb Physiol . 1976;14:93-158. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Surgery American Medical Association

Pathogenesis of Candidiasis: Immunosuppression by Cell Wall Mannan Catabolites

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References (26)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0004-0010
eISSN
1538-3644
DOI
10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410110044009
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Abstract

Abstract • Candida albicans cell wall mannan polysaccharide has an ability to negatively influence cell-mediated immune function. We have attempted to identify the mechanism of this phenomenon by testing the modulatory effects of isolated mannan and the chemical catabolites of mannan on cell-mediated immune function in vitro. We have determined that mannan isolated by complexation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is more antigenic than mannan isolated by precipitation with copper and that CTAB mannan does not inhibit lymphoproliferation stimulated by another antigen. We have also determined that ollgosaccharides of three sizes, derived by chemical catabolism of CTAB mannan, are not antigenic, but instead are immunoinhibitory. Immunoinhibition does not involve interference with the mitogenic activity of interleukin 2. A similar occurrence of oligosaccharides may be produced by catabolism of mannan in vivo as evidenced by the presence of oligosaccharides of similar size in cell-free supernatant fluids derived from mononuclear leukocytes incubated with tritiated mannan. We propose that catabolites of fungal mannan may contribute significantly to suppression of cell-mediated immunity in candidiasis. (Arch Surg. 1989;124:1290-1294) References 1. Stone HH, Kolb LD, Currie CA, Geheber CE, Cuzzell JZ. Candida sepsis: pathogenesis and principles of treatments . Ann Surg . 1974;179:697-710.Crossref 2. Solomkin JS, Flohr AM, Simmons RL. Candida infections in surgical patients . Ann Surg . 1982;195:177-185.Crossref 3. Burchard KW, Minor LB, Slotman GJ, Gann DS. Fungal sepsis in surgical patients . Arch Surg . 1983;118:217-221.Crossref 4. Dyess DL, Garrison RN, Fry GE. Candida sepsis . Arch Surg . 1985;120:345-348.Crossref 5. Strinden WD, Helgerson RB, Maki DG. Candida septic thrombosis ofthe central veins associated with central catheters . Ann Surg . 1985;202:653-658.Crossref 6. Paterson PY, Semo R, Blumenschein G, Swelstad J. Mucocutaneous candidiasis, anergy and a plasma inhibitor of cellular immunity: reversal after amphotericin B therapy . Clin Exp Immunol . 1971;9:595-602. 7. Twomey JJ, Waddell CC, Krantz R, O'Reilly R, L'Esperance P, Good RA. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis with macrophage dysfunction, a plasma inhibitor, and co-existent aplastic anemia . J Lab Clin Med . 1975;85:968-977. 8. Nelson RD, Herron MJ, McCormack RT, et al. Two mechanisms of inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by soluble yeast mannan polysaccharide . Infect Immun . 1984;43:1041-1046. 9. Fischer A, Ballet JJ, Griscelli C. Specific inhibition of the in vitro Candida-induced lymphocyte proliferation by polysaccharidic antigens present in the serum of patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis . J Clin Invest . 1978;62:1005-1112.Crossref 10. Böyum A. Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood . Scand J Clin Lab Invest . 1968;21( (suppl 97) ):77-89.Crossref 11. Fink G. The biochemical genetics of yeast . Methods Enzymol . 1970;17( (pt A) ):59-78. 12. Nakajima T, Ballou C. Characterization of the carbohydrate fragments obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan by alkaline degradation . J Biol Chem . 1974;249:7679-7684. 13. Peat SW, Whelan WJ, Edwards TE. Polysaccharides of bakers' yeast: part IV: mannan . J Chem Soc London . 1961;1:29-34. 14. Kozourek J, Ballou C. Method for finger painting yeast cell wall mannans . J Bacteriol . 1969;100:1175-1181. 15. Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances . Anal Chem . 1956;28:350-356.Crossref 16. Lipsky PE. Modulation of human antibody production in vitro by Dpenicillamine and CuSO4: inhibitor of helper T cell function . J Rheumatol . 1981;7( (suppl) ):69-73. 17. Smith KA, Lachman LB, Oppenheim JJ, Favata MF. The functional relationship of the interleukins . J Exp Med . 1980;151:1551-1556.Crossref 18. Smith KA. Interleukin 2: inception, impact and implications . Science . 1988;240:1169-1176.Crossref 19. Zoschke DC, Staite ND. Suppression of human lymphocyte proliferation by activated neutrophils or H2O2: surviving cells have an altered T-helper/T=suppressor ratio and an increased resistance to secondary oxidant exposure . Clin Immunol Immunopathol . 1987;42:160-170.Crossref 20. Haurowitz F. Immunochemistry and the Biosynthesis of Antibodies . New York, NY: Interscience; 1968. 21. Muchmore AV, Decker JM, Blaese RM, Nilsson B. Purification and characterization of a mannose-containing disaccharide obtained from human pregnancy urine: a new immunoregulatory saccharide . J Exp Med . 1984;160:1672-1685.Crossref 22. Ballou C. Structure and biosynthesis of the mannan component of the yeast cell envelope . Adv Microb Physiol . 1976;14:93-158.

Journal

Archives of Surgery – American Medical Association

Published: Nov 1, 1989

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