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Positive Relationship of Clinical and Serologic Responses to Vaccinia Melanoma Oncolysate

Positive Relationship of Clinical and Serologic Responses to Vaccinia Melanoma Oncolysate Abstract • In this phase la/lb trial, vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (VMO) is a virus-augmented melanoma cell membrane vaccine that has been shown to be safe and to stimulate the production of antimelanoma antibodies in high-risk melanoma patients treated in a surgical adjuvant setting. One patient with stage I and 38 patients with stage II melanoma were entered in the study between December 1984 and October 1985, with a mean follow-up of approximately 17 months. Each patient received a smallpox booster injection followed one week later by the first of 13 weekly intradermal injections of 2.0 mg of VMO. At the end of 13 weeks, injections were given every other week for 12 months or until recurrence. Clinical results show that 25 of the 39 patients had no evidence of disease as of December 1986. Moreover and more importantly, statistical comparison of patients in this study with 39 matched controls shows a significant increase in disease-free survival for the patients treated with VMO. Serum obtained prior to treatment and at three-month intervals during treatment was tested in a Staphylococcus protein A rosette assay for reactivity with melanoma cell lines. All pretreatment samples (39/39) were negative, and 64% became positive by 12 months after appropriate dosage escalations. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a positive correlation between antimelanoma IgG antibody titer and disease-free survival. (Arch Surg 1987;122:1460-1463) References 1. Mavligit G, Gutterman JU, McBride C, et al: Tumor directed immune reactivity and immunotherapy in malignant melanoma: Current status . Prog Exp Tumor Res 1974;19:222-252. 2. Terry WD: Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma . N Engl J Med 1980;30:1174-1175.Crossref 3. Hersey P, Balch CM: Current status and future prospects for adjuvant therapy of melanoma . Aust NZ J Surg 1984;54:303-315.Crossref 4. Koprowski H, Steolewski Z, Herlyn D, et al: Studies of antibodies against human melanoma produced by somatic cell hybrids . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75:3405-3409.Crossref 5. Real FX, Houghton AN, Albino AP, et al: Surface antigens of melanomas and melanocytes defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies: Specificity analysis and comparison of antigen expression in cultured cells and tissues . Cancer Res 1985;46:4401-4411. 6. Morton DL, Malmgren RA, Holmes E, et al: Demonstration of antibodies against human malignant melanoma by immunofluorescence . Surgery 1968;64:223-240. 7. Jones PC, Sze LL, Liu PY, et al: Prolonged survival for melanoma patients with elevated IgM antibody to oncofetal antigen . JNCI 1981;66:249-254. 8. Hersey P, Edwards A, Murray E, et al: Prognostic significance of leukocyte-dependent antibody activity in melanoma patients . JNCI 1983;71:45-53. 9. Kobayashi H: Modification of tumor antigenicity in therapeutics: Increase in immunologic foreignness of tumor cells in experimental model systems , in Mihich E (ed): Immunological Approaches to Cancer Therapeutics . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1982, pp 405-440. 10. Austin FC, Boone WB: Virus augmentation of the antigenicity of tumor cell extracts . Adv Cancer Res 1979;30:301-345. 11. Wallack MK, Steplewski Z, Koprowski H, et al: A new approach in specific active immunotherapy . Cancer 1977;39:560-564.Crossref 12. Wu KS, Ueda S, Skaue Y, et al: Prevention of syngeneic tumor growth in vaccinia virus-modulated tumor cells . Biken J 1981;24:153-158. 13. Shimizu Y, Fujiwara H, Ueda S, et al: The augmentation of tumorspecific immunity by virus help: II. Enhanced induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and antibody to tumor antigens by vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cells . Eur J Immunol 1984;14:839-843.Crossref 14. Wallack MK, Meyer M, Burgoin A, et al: A preliminary trial of vaccinia oncolysates in the treatment of recurrent melanoma with serologic responses to the treatment . J Biol Response Mod 1983;2:586-596. 15. Wallack MK, Michaelides MC: Serologic responses to human melanoma line from patients with melanoma undergoing treatment with vaccinia melanoma oncolysates . Surgery 1984;96:791-799. 16. Wallack MK, McNally KR, Leftheriotis E, et al: A Southeastern Cancer Study Group phase I/II trial with vaccinia melanoma oncolysates . Cancer 1986;57:649-655.Crossref 17. Herlyn M, Clark WH, Mastrangelo MJ, et al: Specific immunoreactivity of hybridoma secreted monoclonal antimelanoma antibodies to cultured cells . Cancer Res 1980;40:3602-3609. 18. Pfreundschuh MG, Ueda R, Rauterberg EW, et al: Comparison of multiple rosetting assays for detecting antibody reactivity of different immunoglobulin classes against surface antigens of benign and malignant tissue culture cells . J Immunol Methods 1980;37:71-81.Crossref 19. Cassel WA, Murray DR, Phillips HS: A phase II study on the postsurgical management of stage II malignant melanoma with a Newcastle disease virus oncolysate . Cancer 1983;52:856-860.Crossref 20. Hersey P, Edwards A, D'Alessandro G, et al: Phase II study of vaccinia melanoma cell lysates (VMCL) as adjuvant to surgical treatment of stage II melanoma: II. Effects on cell mediated cytotoxicity and leukocyte dependent antibody activity: Immunological effects of VMCL in melanoma patients . Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986;22:221-231. 21. Livingston PO, Albino AP, Chung TJC, et al: Serological response of melanoma patients to vaccines prepared from VSV lysates of autologous and allogeneic cultured melanoma cells . Cancer 1985;135:713-720.Crossref 22. Savage HE, Rossen RD, Hersh EM, et al: Antibody development to viral and allogeneic tumor cell—associated ovarian carcinoma treated with lysates of virus-infected tumor cells . Cancer Res 1986;46:2127-2133. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Surgery American Medical Association

Positive Relationship of Clinical and Serologic Responses to Vaccinia Melanoma Oncolysate

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References (28)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0004-0010
eISSN
1538-3644
DOI
10.1001/archsurg.1987.01400240108020
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Abstract

Abstract • In this phase la/lb trial, vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (VMO) is a virus-augmented melanoma cell membrane vaccine that has been shown to be safe and to stimulate the production of antimelanoma antibodies in high-risk melanoma patients treated in a surgical adjuvant setting. One patient with stage I and 38 patients with stage II melanoma were entered in the study between December 1984 and October 1985, with a mean follow-up of approximately 17 months. Each patient received a smallpox booster injection followed one week later by the first of 13 weekly intradermal injections of 2.0 mg of VMO. At the end of 13 weeks, injections were given every other week for 12 months or until recurrence. Clinical results show that 25 of the 39 patients had no evidence of disease as of December 1986. Moreover and more importantly, statistical comparison of patients in this study with 39 matched controls shows a significant increase in disease-free survival for the patients treated with VMO. Serum obtained prior to treatment and at three-month intervals during treatment was tested in a Staphylococcus protein A rosette assay for reactivity with melanoma cell lines. All pretreatment samples (39/39) were negative, and 64% became positive by 12 months after appropriate dosage escalations. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a positive correlation between antimelanoma IgG antibody titer and disease-free survival. (Arch Surg 1987;122:1460-1463) References 1. Mavligit G, Gutterman JU, McBride C, et al: Tumor directed immune reactivity and immunotherapy in malignant melanoma: Current status . Prog Exp Tumor Res 1974;19:222-252. 2. Terry WD: Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma . N Engl J Med 1980;30:1174-1175.Crossref 3. Hersey P, Balch CM: Current status and future prospects for adjuvant therapy of melanoma . Aust NZ J Surg 1984;54:303-315.Crossref 4. Koprowski H, Steolewski Z, Herlyn D, et al: Studies of antibodies against human melanoma produced by somatic cell hybrids . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978;75:3405-3409.Crossref 5. Real FX, Houghton AN, Albino AP, et al: Surface antigens of melanomas and melanocytes defined by mouse monoclonal antibodies: Specificity analysis and comparison of antigen expression in cultured cells and tissues . Cancer Res 1985;46:4401-4411. 6. Morton DL, Malmgren RA, Holmes E, et al: Demonstration of antibodies against human malignant melanoma by immunofluorescence . Surgery 1968;64:223-240. 7. Jones PC, Sze LL, Liu PY, et al: Prolonged survival for melanoma patients with elevated IgM antibody to oncofetal antigen . JNCI 1981;66:249-254. 8. Hersey P, Edwards A, Murray E, et al: Prognostic significance of leukocyte-dependent antibody activity in melanoma patients . JNCI 1983;71:45-53. 9. Kobayashi H: Modification of tumor antigenicity in therapeutics: Increase in immunologic foreignness of tumor cells in experimental model systems , in Mihich E (ed): Immunological Approaches to Cancer Therapeutics . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1982, pp 405-440. 10. Austin FC, Boone WB: Virus augmentation of the antigenicity of tumor cell extracts . Adv Cancer Res 1979;30:301-345. 11. Wallack MK, Steplewski Z, Koprowski H, et al: A new approach in specific active immunotherapy . Cancer 1977;39:560-564.Crossref 12. Wu KS, Ueda S, Skaue Y, et al: Prevention of syngeneic tumor growth in vaccinia virus-modulated tumor cells . Biken J 1981;24:153-158. 13. Shimizu Y, Fujiwara H, Ueda S, et al: The augmentation of tumorspecific immunity by virus help: II. Enhanced induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and antibody to tumor antigens by vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cells . Eur J Immunol 1984;14:839-843.Crossref 14. Wallack MK, Meyer M, Burgoin A, et al: A preliminary trial of vaccinia oncolysates in the treatment of recurrent melanoma with serologic responses to the treatment . J Biol Response Mod 1983;2:586-596. 15. Wallack MK, Michaelides MC: Serologic responses to human melanoma line from patients with melanoma undergoing treatment with vaccinia melanoma oncolysates . Surgery 1984;96:791-799. 16. Wallack MK, McNally KR, Leftheriotis E, et al: A Southeastern Cancer Study Group phase I/II trial with vaccinia melanoma oncolysates . Cancer 1986;57:649-655.Crossref 17. Herlyn M, Clark WH, Mastrangelo MJ, et al: Specific immunoreactivity of hybridoma secreted monoclonal antimelanoma antibodies to cultured cells . Cancer Res 1980;40:3602-3609. 18. Pfreundschuh MG, Ueda R, Rauterberg EW, et al: Comparison of multiple rosetting assays for detecting antibody reactivity of different immunoglobulin classes against surface antigens of benign and malignant tissue culture cells . J Immunol Methods 1980;37:71-81.Crossref 19. Cassel WA, Murray DR, Phillips HS: A phase II study on the postsurgical management of stage II malignant melanoma with a Newcastle disease virus oncolysate . Cancer 1983;52:856-860.Crossref 20. Hersey P, Edwards A, D'Alessandro G, et al: Phase II study of vaccinia melanoma cell lysates (VMCL) as adjuvant to surgical treatment of stage II melanoma: II. Effects on cell mediated cytotoxicity and leukocyte dependent antibody activity: Immunological effects of VMCL in melanoma patients . Cancer Immunol Immunother 1986;22:221-231. 21. Livingston PO, Albino AP, Chung TJC, et al: Serological response of melanoma patients to vaccines prepared from VSV lysates of autologous and allogeneic cultured melanoma cells . Cancer 1985;135:713-720.Crossref 22. Savage HE, Rossen RD, Hersh EM, et al: Antibody development to viral and allogeneic tumor cell—associated ovarian carcinoma treated with lysates of virus-infected tumor cells . Cancer Res 1986;46:2127-2133.

Journal

Archives of Surgery – American Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1987

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