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Microcirculation of Dogs in Hemorrhagic Shock and After Treatment

Microcirculation of Dogs in Hemorrhagic Shock and After Treatment Abstract MANY STUDIES have been made of microembolism during shock.1-14 Work done by one of us (R.M.H.) has elaborated on the role of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the concept of shock.15-18 Disseminated intravascular coagulation is defined as acute transient coagulation occurring in the flowing blood throughout the vascular tree and which may obstruct the microcirculation. The most important treatment of noncardiac shock is fluid volume administration. If this measure is not effective, a vasodilator may produce dramatic improvement. Adequate oxygen is essential during treatment and tracheotomy or tracheal intubation with oxygen and respirators18 is often required. Adequate treatment may prevent or reverse DIC. The purpose of this paper is to describe the observation of microcirculation of dogs in shock and after treatment. Materials and Methods Twenty mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 9.0 to 17.5 kg were used for this study. The principles of laboratory animal care References 1. Crowell, J.W., and Read, W.L.: In Vivo Coagulation: A Probable Cause of Irreversible Shock , Amer J Physiol 183:565, 1955. 2. Ebert, R.H., and Wissler, R.W.: In Vivo Observations of the Vascular Reactions to Large Doses of Horse Serum, Using the Rabbit Ear Chamber Technique , J Lab Clin Med 38:511, 1951. 3. Frank, H.A., et al: Traumatic Shock and Hemorrhagic Shock in Eck Fistula Dogs , Amer J Physiol 167:508, 1951. 4. Faibis, A.: Studies on the Pathogeneses of Circulatory Disturbances in Pulmonary Embolism , Cor Vasa 4:273, 1961. 5. Fleischner, F.G.: Pulmonary Embolism , Clin Radiol 13:305, 1962.Crossref 6. Griffin, G.D.J.; Essex, H.E.; and Mann, F.C.: Experimental Evidence Concerning Death From Small Pulmonary Emboli: Collective Review , Int Abstr Surg 92:313, 1951. 7. Gerst, P.H.; Rattenborg, C.; and Holaday, D.A.: The Effects of Hemorrhage on Pulmonary Circulation and Respiratory Gas Exchange , J Clin Invest 38:524, 1959.Crossref 8. Lutz, B.R.: Intravascular Agglutination of the Formed Elements of Blood , Physiol Rev 31:107, 1951. 9. Megibow, R.S.; Katz, L.N.; and Steinitz, F.S.: Dynamic Changes in Experimental Pulmonary Embolism , Surgery 11:19, 1942. 10. Mansberger, A.R., Jr.; and Wise, H.: A comparison of Shock From Massive Soft Tissue Wounds and Shock Induced by the Intravenous Injection of Gram-Negative Endotoxin , Amer Surg 26:367, 1960. 11. Shoemaker, W.C.; Walker, W.F.; and Turk, L.N.: The Role of the Liver in the Development of Hemorrhagic Shock , Surg Gynec Obstet 112:327, 1961. 12. Selkurt, E.E.: Alexander. R.S.; and Patterson M.B.: The Role of the Mesenteric Circulation in the Irreversibility of Hemorrhagic Shock , Amer J Physiol 149:732, 1947. 13. Wiggers, C.J.; Opdyke, D.F.; and Johnson, J.R.: Portal Pressure Gradients Under Experimental Conditions Including Hemorrhagic Shock , Amer J Physiol 146:192, 1946. 14. Hardaway, R.M., et al: Studies on the Role of Intravascular Coagulation in Irreversible Hemorrhagic Shock , Ann Surg 155:241, 1962.Crossref 15. Hardaway, R.M.: The Role of Intravascular Clotting in the Etiology of Shock , Ann Surg 155:325, 1962.Crossref 16. Hardaway, R.M., and Weiss, F.H.: Intracapillary Clotting as the Etiology of Shock , Arch Surg 83:851, 1962.Crossref 17. Hardaway, R.M., and Johnson, D.G.: A New Theory of Shock , Milit Med 128:198, 1963. 18. Hardaway, R.M., et al: Intensive Study and Treatment of Shock in Man , JAMA 199:779, 1967.Crossref 19. Knisely, M.H.; Eliot, T.S.; and Bloch, E.H.: Sludged Blood in Traumatic Shock , Arch Surg 51:220, 1945.Crossref 20. Hanover, A.J., and Russell, R.W.R.: Experimental Platelet Embolism , Brit J Exp Path 43:350, 1962. 21. Waalkes. T.P., and Coburn, H.: Studies on the Relationship of the Release of Serotonin and Histamine by Chemical Means to Anaphylaxis in the Rabbit , J Allerg 31:395, 1960.Crossref 22. Quick, A.J.; Ota, R.K.; and Baronofsky, I.D.: On the Thrombocytopenia of Anaphylactic and Peptone Shock , Amer J Physiol 45:273, 1946. 23. Abell, R.G., and Schenck, H.P.: Microscopic Observations on the Behavior of Living Blood Vessels of the Rabbit During the Reaction of Anaphylaxis , J Immun 34:195, 1938. 24. Bizzozero, J.: Ueber einen neuen Formbestandtheil des Blutes und dessen Rolle bei de Thrombose und der Blutgerinnung , Virchow Arch Path Anat 90:261, 1882.Crossref 25. Walter, J.B.; Frank, J.A.; and Irwin, J.W.: Hyaline Emboli in the Microcirculation of Rabbits During Anaphylaxis , Brit J Exp Path 42:603, 1961. 26. Robb, H.J.: Microembolism in the Pathophysiology of Shock , Angiology 16:405, 1965.Crossref 27. Lillehei, R.C., and McLean, L.D.: Intestinal Factor in Irreversible Endotoxin Shock , Ann Surg 148:513, 1958.Crossref 28. McKay, D.G., and Shapiro, S.S.: Alterations in the Blood Coagulation System Induced by Bacterial Endotoxin , J Exp Med 107:353, 1958.Crossref 29. Turpini, R., and Stefonini, M.: The Nature and Mechanism of the Hemostatic Breakdown in the Course of Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock , J Clin Invest 38:53, 1959.Crossref 30. Davis, R.B.; Meeker, W.R.; and Bailey, W.L.: Serotonin Release by Bacterial Endotoxin , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 108:774, 1961.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Surgery American Medical Association

Microcirculation of Dogs in Hemorrhagic Shock and After Treatment

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References (33)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1968 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0004-0010
eISSN
1538-3644
DOI
10.1001/archsurg.1968.01330200017003
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Abstract

Abstract MANY STUDIES have been made of microembolism during shock.1-14 Work done by one of us (R.M.H.) has elaborated on the role of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the concept of shock.15-18 Disseminated intravascular coagulation is defined as acute transient coagulation occurring in the flowing blood throughout the vascular tree and which may obstruct the microcirculation. The most important treatment of noncardiac shock is fluid volume administration. If this measure is not effective, a vasodilator may produce dramatic improvement. Adequate oxygen is essential during treatment and tracheotomy or tracheal intubation with oxygen and respirators18 is often required. Adequate treatment may prevent or reverse DIC. The purpose of this paper is to describe the observation of microcirculation of dogs in shock and after treatment. Materials and Methods Twenty mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 9.0 to 17.5 kg were used for this study. The principles of laboratory animal care References 1. Crowell, J.W., and Read, W.L.: In Vivo Coagulation: A Probable Cause of Irreversible Shock , Amer J Physiol 183:565, 1955. 2. Ebert, R.H., and Wissler, R.W.: In Vivo Observations of the Vascular Reactions to Large Doses of Horse Serum, Using the Rabbit Ear Chamber Technique , J Lab Clin Med 38:511, 1951. 3. Frank, H.A., et al: Traumatic Shock and Hemorrhagic Shock in Eck Fistula Dogs , Amer J Physiol 167:508, 1951. 4. Faibis, A.: Studies on the Pathogeneses of Circulatory Disturbances in Pulmonary Embolism , Cor Vasa 4:273, 1961. 5. Fleischner, F.G.: Pulmonary Embolism , Clin Radiol 13:305, 1962.Crossref 6. Griffin, G.D.J.; Essex, H.E.; and Mann, F.C.: Experimental Evidence Concerning Death From Small Pulmonary Emboli: Collective Review , Int Abstr Surg 92:313, 1951. 7. Gerst, P.H.; Rattenborg, C.; and Holaday, D.A.: The Effects of Hemorrhage on Pulmonary Circulation and Respiratory Gas Exchange , J Clin Invest 38:524, 1959.Crossref 8. Lutz, B.R.: Intravascular Agglutination of the Formed Elements of Blood , Physiol Rev 31:107, 1951. 9. Megibow, R.S.; Katz, L.N.; and Steinitz, F.S.: Dynamic Changes in Experimental Pulmonary Embolism , Surgery 11:19, 1942. 10. Mansberger, A.R., Jr.; and Wise, H.: A comparison of Shock From Massive Soft Tissue Wounds and Shock Induced by the Intravenous Injection of Gram-Negative Endotoxin , Amer Surg 26:367, 1960. 11. Shoemaker, W.C.; Walker, W.F.; and Turk, L.N.: The Role of the Liver in the Development of Hemorrhagic Shock , Surg Gynec Obstet 112:327, 1961. 12. Selkurt, E.E.: Alexander. R.S.; and Patterson M.B.: The Role of the Mesenteric Circulation in the Irreversibility of Hemorrhagic Shock , Amer J Physiol 149:732, 1947. 13. Wiggers, C.J.; Opdyke, D.F.; and Johnson, J.R.: Portal Pressure Gradients Under Experimental Conditions Including Hemorrhagic Shock , Amer J Physiol 146:192, 1946. 14. Hardaway, R.M., et al: Studies on the Role of Intravascular Coagulation in Irreversible Hemorrhagic Shock , Ann Surg 155:241, 1962.Crossref 15. Hardaway, R.M.: The Role of Intravascular Clotting in the Etiology of Shock , Ann Surg 155:325, 1962.Crossref 16. Hardaway, R.M., and Weiss, F.H.: Intracapillary Clotting as the Etiology of Shock , Arch Surg 83:851, 1962.Crossref 17. Hardaway, R.M., and Johnson, D.G.: A New Theory of Shock , Milit Med 128:198, 1963. 18. Hardaway, R.M., et al: Intensive Study and Treatment of Shock in Man , JAMA 199:779, 1967.Crossref 19. Knisely, M.H.; Eliot, T.S.; and Bloch, E.H.: Sludged Blood in Traumatic Shock , Arch Surg 51:220, 1945.Crossref 20. Hanover, A.J., and Russell, R.W.R.: Experimental Platelet Embolism , Brit J Exp Path 43:350, 1962. 21. Waalkes. T.P., and Coburn, H.: Studies on the Relationship of the Release of Serotonin and Histamine by Chemical Means to Anaphylaxis in the Rabbit , J Allerg 31:395, 1960.Crossref 22. Quick, A.J.; Ota, R.K.; and Baronofsky, I.D.: On the Thrombocytopenia of Anaphylactic and Peptone Shock , Amer J Physiol 45:273, 1946. 23. Abell, R.G., and Schenck, H.P.: Microscopic Observations on the Behavior of Living Blood Vessels of the Rabbit During the Reaction of Anaphylaxis , J Immun 34:195, 1938. 24. Bizzozero, J.: Ueber einen neuen Formbestandtheil des Blutes und dessen Rolle bei de Thrombose und der Blutgerinnung , Virchow Arch Path Anat 90:261, 1882.Crossref 25. Walter, J.B.; Frank, J.A.; and Irwin, J.W.: Hyaline Emboli in the Microcirculation of Rabbits During Anaphylaxis , Brit J Exp Path 42:603, 1961. 26. Robb, H.J.: Microembolism in the Pathophysiology of Shock , Angiology 16:405, 1965.Crossref 27. Lillehei, R.C., and McLean, L.D.: Intestinal Factor in Irreversible Endotoxin Shock , Ann Surg 148:513, 1958.Crossref 28. McKay, D.G., and Shapiro, S.S.: Alterations in the Blood Coagulation System Induced by Bacterial Endotoxin , J Exp Med 107:353, 1958.Crossref 29. Turpini, R., and Stefonini, M.: The Nature and Mechanism of the Hemostatic Breakdown in the Course of Experimental Hemorrhagic Shock , J Clin Invest 38:53, 1959.Crossref 30. Davis, R.B.; Meeker, W.R.; and Bailey, W.L.: Serotonin Release by Bacterial Endotoxin , Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 108:774, 1961.Crossref

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Archives of Surgery – American Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1968

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