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The Effect of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate on Hamster Tissues: Exteriorized Oral Pouch and Skin

The Effect of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate on Hamster Tissues: Exteriorized Oral Pouch and Skin Abstract Cigarette-smoke condensate, usually combined with a solvent such as acetone, reportedly produces various changes when applied to animal tissues. These changes cover a wide range from mild hyperplasia to gross, metastasizing cancer. Tissues so far studied include skin, oral mucosa, bronchial mucosa, epithelium of bladder, and uterine cervix.3,7,8,10,24 Most studies have been in mice, a few in hamsters, rabbits, and rats. Histologic cancer from the condensate has been reported in skin, bladder, cervix, and mouth.4,7,8,24 Of the 18 or more polycyclic hydrocarbons22 identified in the condensate, 8 are reported to be carcinogenic for animals.25 While some investigators emphasize that concentrations of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the condensate (predominately benzo[a]pyrene) are not sufficient to justify rating cigarettes as a major factor in human cancer,9 others feel that the complexity of the condensate, varying with different conditions of combustion in its production and containing multiple carcinogens References 1. Purchased from Eastman Organic Chemicals, Rochester, N.Y. 2. Bock, F. G., and Moore, G. E.: Carcinogenic Activity of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate: I. Effect of Trauma and Remote X-Irradiation , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22:401, 1959. 3. Cowdry, E. V.: Cancer Cells , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1955, p. 326. 4. Dipaolo, J. A., and Moore, G. E.: Effect on Mice of Oral Painting of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 23:529, 1959. 5. Guerin, M.: Pulmonary Tumours and Buccal Cancer in Rats Subjected to Inhalation of Cigarette-Smoke , Bull. Ass. Franc. Cancer 46: 295, 1959. 6. Gellhorn, A.: The Cocarcinogenic Activity of Cigarette Tobacco Tar , Cancer Res. 18:510, 1958. 7. Hiebert, C. A.: The Carcinogenic Action of Methylcholanthrene on Mouse Skin in Organ Culture , Cancer 12:663, 1959.Crossref 8. Holsti, L. R., and Ermala, P.: Papillary Carcinoma of the Bladder in Mice Obtained After Peroral Administration of Tobacco Tar , Cancer 8:679, 1955.Crossref 9. Koprowska, I., and Bogacz, J.: A Cytopathologic Study of Tobacco Tar-Induced Lesions of the Uterine Cervix of the Mouse , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 23:1, 1959. 10. Kotin, P., and Falk, H. L.: The Role and Action of Environmental Agents in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer: II. Cigarette Smoke , Cancer 13:250, 1960.Crossref 11. Leuchtenberger, C.; Leuchtenberger, R., and Doolin, P. F.: A Correlated Histological, Cytological and Cytochemical Study of the Tracheobronchial Tree and Lungs of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke , Cancer 11:490, 1958.Crossref 12. Liang, H. M.: Localized Changes in Methylcholanthrene Treated Epidermis , Cancer Res. 8: 211, 1948. 13. Moore, C., and Miller, A. J.: Effect of Cigarette Smoke Tar on the Hamster Pouch , A.M.A. Arch. Surg. 76:786, 1958.Crossref 14. Orris, L.; Van Duuren, B. L.; Kosak, A. I.; Nelson, N., and Schmitt, F. L.: The Carcinogenicity for Mouse Skin and the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content of Cigarette-Smoke Condensates , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 21:557, 1958. 15. Peacock, E. E., Jr.; Greenberg, B. G., and Brawley, B. W.: The Effect of Snuff and Tobacco on the Production of Oral Carcinoma: An Experimental and Epidemiological Study , Ann. Surg. 151:542, 1960.Crossref 16. Rockey, E. E.; Kuschner, M.; Kosak, A. I., and Mayer, E.: The Effect of Tobacco Tar on the Bronchial Mucosa of Dogs , Cancer 11:466, 1958.Crossref 17. Roffo, A. H.: Leukoplasia Tobaquica Experimental , Rev. Sud-Amer. Med. Chir. 1:321, 1930. 18. Salley, J. J.: Histologic Changes in the Hamster Cheek Pouch During Early Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis , J. Dent. Res. 36:48, 1957.Crossref 19. Setala, K.; Merenmies, L.; Stjernvall, L.; Aho, Y., and Kajanne, P.: Mechanism of Experimental Tumorigenesis: I. Epidermal Hyperplasia in Mouse Caused by Locally Applied Tumor Initiator and Dipole-Type Tumor Promotor , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 23:925, 1959. 20. Shubik, P.; Pietra, G., and Della Porta, G.: Studies of Skin Carcinogenesis in the Syrian Golden Hamster , Cancer Res. 20:100, 1960. 21. Suntzeff, V.; Carruthers, C., and Cowdry, E. V.: Role of Sebaceous Glands and Hair Follicles in Epidermal Carcinogenesis , Cancer Res. 7:439, 1947. 22. Suntzeff, V.; Croninger, A. B.; Wynder, E. L.; Cowdry, E. V., and Graham, E. A.: Use of Sebaceous-Gland Test of Primary Cigarette-Tar Fractions and of Certain Noncarcinogenic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons , Cancer 10:250, 1957.Crossref 23. Van Duuren, B. L.: The Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette-Smoke Condensate: II . J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 21:623, 1958. 24. Wynder, E. L.; Bross, I. J., and Feldman, R. M.: A Study of the Etiological Factors in Cancer of the Mouth , Cancer 10:1300, 1957.Crossref 25. Wynder, E. L.; Graham, E. A., and Croninger, A. B.: Experimental Production of Carcinoma with Cigarette Tar , Cancer Res. 13:855, 1953. 26. Wynder, E. L., and Hoffmann, D.: A Study of Tobacco Carcinogenesis: VII. The Role of Higher Polycyclic Hydrocarbons , Cancer 12:1079, 1959.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Surgery American Medical Association

The Effect of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate on Hamster Tissues: Exteriorized Oral Pouch and Skin

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References (27)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1962 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0004-0010
eISSN
1538-3644
DOI
10.1001/archsurg.1962.01300220049007
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Cigarette-smoke condensate, usually combined with a solvent such as acetone, reportedly produces various changes when applied to animal tissues. These changes cover a wide range from mild hyperplasia to gross, metastasizing cancer. Tissues so far studied include skin, oral mucosa, bronchial mucosa, epithelium of bladder, and uterine cervix.3,7,8,10,24 Most studies have been in mice, a few in hamsters, rabbits, and rats. Histologic cancer from the condensate has been reported in skin, bladder, cervix, and mouth.4,7,8,24 Of the 18 or more polycyclic hydrocarbons22 identified in the condensate, 8 are reported to be carcinogenic for animals.25 While some investigators emphasize that concentrations of carcinogenic hydrocarbons in the condensate (predominately benzo[a]pyrene) are not sufficient to justify rating cigarettes as a major factor in human cancer,9 others feel that the complexity of the condensate, varying with different conditions of combustion in its production and containing multiple carcinogens References 1. Purchased from Eastman Organic Chemicals, Rochester, N.Y. 2. Bock, F. G., and Moore, G. E.: Carcinogenic Activity of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate: I. Effect of Trauma and Remote X-Irradiation , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 22:401, 1959. 3. Cowdry, E. V.: Cancer Cells , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1955, p. 326. 4. Dipaolo, J. A., and Moore, G. E.: Effect on Mice of Oral Painting of Cigarette-Smoke Condensate , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 23:529, 1959. 5. Guerin, M.: Pulmonary Tumours and Buccal Cancer in Rats Subjected to Inhalation of Cigarette-Smoke , Bull. Ass. Franc. Cancer 46: 295, 1959. 6. Gellhorn, A.: The Cocarcinogenic Activity of Cigarette Tobacco Tar , Cancer Res. 18:510, 1958. 7. Hiebert, C. A.: The Carcinogenic Action of Methylcholanthrene on Mouse Skin in Organ Culture , Cancer 12:663, 1959.Crossref 8. Holsti, L. R., and Ermala, P.: Papillary Carcinoma of the Bladder in Mice Obtained After Peroral Administration of Tobacco Tar , Cancer 8:679, 1955.Crossref 9. Koprowska, I., and Bogacz, J.: A Cytopathologic Study of Tobacco Tar-Induced Lesions of the Uterine Cervix of the Mouse , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 23:1, 1959. 10. Kotin, P., and Falk, H. L.: The Role and Action of Environmental Agents in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer: II. Cigarette Smoke , Cancer 13:250, 1960.Crossref 11. Leuchtenberger, C.; Leuchtenberger, R., and Doolin, P. F.: A Correlated Histological, Cytological and Cytochemical Study of the Tracheobronchial Tree and Lungs of Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke , Cancer 11:490, 1958.Crossref 12. Liang, H. M.: Localized Changes in Methylcholanthrene Treated Epidermis , Cancer Res. 8: 211, 1948. 13. Moore, C., and Miller, A. J.: Effect of Cigarette Smoke Tar on the Hamster Pouch , A.M.A. Arch. Surg. 76:786, 1958.Crossref 14. Orris, L.; Van Duuren, B. L.; Kosak, A. I.; Nelson, N., and Schmitt, F. L.: The Carcinogenicity for Mouse Skin and the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content of Cigarette-Smoke Condensates , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 21:557, 1958. 15. Peacock, E. E., Jr.; Greenberg, B. G., and Brawley, B. W.: The Effect of Snuff and Tobacco on the Production of Oral Carcinoma: An Experimental and Epidemiological Study , Ann. Surg. 151:542, 1960.Crossref 16. Rockey, E. E.; Kuschner, M.; Kosak, A. I., and Mayer, E.: The Effect of Tobacco Tar on the Bronchial Mucosa of Dogs , Cancer 11:466, 1958.Crossref 17. Roffo, A. H.: Leukoplasia Tobaquica Experimental , Rev. Sud-Amer. Med. Chir. 1:321, 1930. 18. Salley, J. J.: Histologic Changes in the Hamster Cheek Pouch During Early Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis , J. Dent. Res. 36:48, 1957.Crossref 19. Setala, K.; Merenmies, L.; Stjernvall, L.; Aho, Y., and Kajanne, P.: Mechanism of Experimental Tumorigenesis: I. Epidermal Hyperplasia in Mouse Caused by Locally Applied Tumor Initiator and Dipole-Type Tumor Promotor , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 23:925, 1959. 20. Shubik, P.; Pietra, G., and Della Porta, G.: Studies of Skin Carcinogenesis in the Syrian Golden Hamster , Cancer Res. 20:100, 1960. 21. Suntzeff, V.; Carruthers, C., and Cowdry, E. V.: Role of Sebaceous Glands and Hair Follicles in Epidermal Carcinogenesis , Cancer Res. 7:439, 1947. 22. Suntzeff, V.; Croninger, A. B.; Wynder, E. L.; Cowdry, E. V., and Graham, E. A.: Use of Sebaceous-Gland Test of Primary Cigarette-Tar Fractions and of Certain Noncarcinogenic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons , Cancer 10:250, 1957.Crossref 23. Van Duuren, B. L.: The Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarette-Smoke Condensate: II . J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 21:623, 1958. 24. Wynder, E. L.; Bross, I. J., and Feldman, R. M.: A Study of the Etiological Factors in Cancer of the Mouth , Cancer 10:1300, 1957.Crossref 25. Wynder, E. L.; Graham, E. A., and Croninger, A. B.: Experimental Production of Carcinoma with Cigarette Tar , Cancer Res. 13:855, 1953. 26. Wynder, E. L., and Hoffmann, D.: A Study of Tobacco Carcinogenesis: VII. The Role of Higher Polycyclic Hydrocarbons , Cancer 12:1079, 1959.Crossref

Journal

Archives of SurgeryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Apr 1, 1962

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