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ORIGINS OF THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SURGICAL SOCIETIES: Presidential Address

ORIGINS OF THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SURGICAL SOCIETIES: Presidential Address Abstract THE MIDDLE of the nineteenth century was a notable epoch in the chronicles of American medicine. The demonstration of ether anesthesia to a medical group in 1846 was followed by the rapid development of the medical sciences, particularly cellular pathology, bacteriology, organic chemistry and experimental physiology. Through the application of the knowledge derived from the basic sciences to clinical practice, medicine gradually emerged from the age of theories and systems and assumed its position as one of the major disciplines of biology. Furthermore, attempts to regulate certain aspects of medical practice were introduced during this period. In 1847, the American Medical Association was founded, chiefly for the purpose of improving the state of medical education but also to combat the evil of college faculties' both teaching and licensing medical students. In 1860, the scientific sessions of this body were divided into four sections, one of which was surgery. For some References 1. Fishbein, M.: A History of the American Medical Association, 1847-1947 , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1947. 2. Coller, F. A.: The Hospital and American Medicine: Dedication Exercises of the George Robert White Memorial Building; Ether Day, Oct. 16, 1939, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 3. Allen, A. W.: The Influence of the American Medical Association on Surgery , Am. J. Surg. 51:262, 1941.Crossref 4. Transactions of the American Gynecological Society , Boston, H. O. Houghton & Company, 1877, vol. 1, pp. 3-47 5. 1878, vol. 2, pp. 13-30. 6. Kosmak, G. W.: The American Gynecological Society , Am. J. Surg. 51:300, 1941.Crossref 7. Transactions of the American Surgical Association , Philadelphia, Presley Blakiston Son & Company, 1883, vol. 1, pp. 21-31 8. 1885, vol. 2, p. 21 9. 1885, vol. 3, pp. 21-33. 10. Gross, S. D.: Autobiography of Samuel D. Gross , Philadelphia, George Barrie, 1887. 11. Elliot, E.: The American Surgical Association , Am. J. Surg. 51:300, 1941.Crossref 12. History of Urology, vol. 1 (Prepared under the auspices of the American Urological Association) , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1933. 13. A Brief History of the Organization and Transactions of the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons, Oct. 16, 1886 - Oct. 16, 1911 , New York, Frederick H. Hitchcock, 1911. 14. Keyes, E. L., Jr.: Master Surgeons of America: Edward Lawrence Keyes , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 46:728, 1928. 15. Transactions of the American Orthopedic Association , Boston, L. P. Kellogg & Son, 1889, vol. 1, pp. 6-11. 16. Transactions of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists , Philadelphia, William J. Dornan, 1888, vol. 1, pp. 9-38 17. 1888, vol. 4, pp. 1-9. 18. Royster, H. A.: The Southern Surgical Association , Am. J. Surg. 51:292, 1941. 19. Mills, W. M.: Early Days of the Western Surgical Association , Arch. Surg. 56:563 ( (May) ) 1948. 20. Transactions of the Western Surgical Association (1940 Meeting) , St. Paul, Bruce Publishing Company, 1941, pp. 13-54. 21. Crile, G.: An Autobiography , edited with Sidelights by Grace Crile, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947. 22. Martin, F. H.: The Joy of Living: An Autobiography , New York, Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1933. 23. Mason, M. L.: The Significance of the American College of Surgeons to Progress of Surgery in America , Am. J. Surg. 51:267, 1941. 24. Matas, R.: Dr. Willy Meyer: A Biographic Sketch , J. Thoracic Surg. 1:455, 1932. 25. Graham, E. A.: Foreword , J. Thoracic Surg. 1:1, 1931. 26. Butler, E. F.: Personal communication to the author. 27. Constitution of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery , J. Thoracic Surg. 5:680, 1936. 28. Cutler, E. C.: The Responsibility of the University Surgeon , Surgery 22:161, 1947. 29. Fulton, J. F.: Harvey Cushing: A Biography , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1946. 30. Proportion of Physicians to Population, Washington Letter , J. A. M. A. 139:39 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1949. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Surgery American Medical Association

ORIGINS OF THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SURGICAL SOCIETIES: Presidential Address

Archives of Surgery , Volume 59 (3) – Sep 1, 1949

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References (28)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1949 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0004-0010
eISSN
1538-3644
DOI
10.1001/archsurg.1949.01240040381001
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract THE MIDDLE of the nineteenth century was a notable epoch in the chronicles of American medicine. The demonstration of ether anesthesia to a medical group in 1846 was followed by the rapid development of the medical sciences, particularly cellular pathology, bacteriology, organic chemistry and experimental physiology. Through the application of the knowledge derived from the basic sciences to clinical practice, medicine gradually emerged from the age of theories and systems and assumed its position as one of the major disciplines of biology. Furthermore, attempts to regulate certain aspects of medical practice were introduced during this period. In 1847, the American Medical Association was founded, chiefly for the purpose of improving the state of medical education but also to combat the evil of college faculties' both teaching and licensing medical students. In 1860, the scientific sessions of this body were divided into four sections, one of which was surgery. For some References 1. Fishbein, M.: A History of the American Medical Association, 1847-1947 , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1947. 2. Coller, F. A.: The Hospital and American Medicine: Dedication Exercises of the George Robert White Memorial Building; Ether Day, Oct. 16, 1939, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 3. Allen, A. W.: The Influence of the American Medical Association on Surgery , Am. J. Surg. 51:262, 1941.Crossref 4. Transactions of the American Gynecological Society , Boston, H. O. Houghton & Company, 1877, vol. 1, pp. 3-47 5. 1878, vol. 2, pp. 13-30. 6. Kosmak, G. W.: The American Gynecological Society , Am. J. Surg. 51:300, 1941.Crossref 7. Transactions of the American Surgical Association , Philadelphia, Presley Blakiston Son & Company, 1883, vol. 1, pp. 21-31 8. 1885, vol. 2, p. 21 9. 1885, vol. 3, pp. 21-33. 10. Gross, S. D.: Autobiography of Samuel D. Gross , Philadelphia, George Barrie, 1887. 11. Elliot, E.: The American Surgical Association , Am. J. Surg. 51:300, 1941.Crossref 12. History of Urology, vol. 1 (Prepared under the auspices of the American Urological Association) , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1933. 13. A Brief History of the Organization and Transactions of the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons, Oct. 16, 1886 - Oct. 16, 1911 , New York, Frederick H. Hitchcock, 1911. 14. Keyes, E. L., Jr.: Master Surgeons of America: Edward Lawrence Keyes , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 46:728, 1928. 15. Transactions of the American Orthopedic Association , Boston, L. P. Kellogg & Son, 1889, vol. 1, pp. 6-11. 16. Transactions of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists , Philadelphia, William J. Dornan, 1888, vol. 1, pp. 9-38 17. 1888, vol. 4, pp. 1-9. 18. Royster, H. A.: The Southern Surgical Association , Am. J. Surg. 51:292, 1941. 19. Mills, W. M.: Early Days of the Western Surgical Association , Arch. Surg. 56:563 ( (May) ) 1948. 20. Transactions of the Western Surgical Association (1940 Meeting) , St. Paul, Bruce Publishing Company, 1941, pp. 13-54. 21. Crile, G.: An Autobiography , edited with Sidelights by Grace Crile, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947. 22. Martin, F. H.: The Joy of Living: An Autobiography , New York, Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1933. 23. Mason, M. L.: The Significance of the American College of Surgeons to Progress of Surgery in America , Am. J. Surg. 51:267, 1941. 24. Matas, R.: Dr. Willy Meyer: A Biographic Sketch , J. Thoracic Surg. 1:455, 1932. 25. Graham, E. A.: Foreword , J. Thoracic Surg. 1:1, 1931. 26. Butler, E. F.: Personal communication to the author. 27. Constitution of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery , J. Thoracic Surg. 5:680, 1936. 28. Cutler, E. C.: The Responsibility of the University Surgeon , Surgery 22:161, 1947. 29. Fulton, J. F.: Harvey Cushing: A Biography , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1946. 30. Proportion of Physicians to Population, Washington Letter , J. A. M. A. 139:39 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1949.

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Archives of SurgeryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1949

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