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E. Bogen (1926)
The Cause of Breast Cancer.American journal of public health and the nation's health, 25 3
H. Bagg (1925)
The functional activity of the breast in relation to mammary carcinoma in mice.Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 22
G. I. Tice , M. B. Dockerty (1948)
ComedomastitisSurg., Gynec. & Obst., 87
E. Fekete, C. Green (1936)
The Influence of Complete Blockage of the Nipple on the Incidence and Location of Spontaneous Mammary Tumors in MiceAmerican Journal of Cancer, 27
F. E. Adair (1925)
Breast Stasis as the Cause of Mammary CancerInternat. Clin., 4
H. Bagg, F. Hagopian (1939)
The Functional Activity of the Mammary Gland of the Rat in Relation to Mammary CarcinomaAmerican Journal of Cancer, 35
F. E. Adair (1934)
Etiological Factors of Mammary Cancer in Two Hundred WomenNew York State J. Med., 34
Abstract IS IT dangerous to remove a nipple and leave the glandular tissue of the breast without any duct opening to the exterior for drainage of secretions? What will happen if pregnancy and lactation occur later? Will stasis in the ducts and acini produce chronic inflammation, cysts or cancer? Obstruction of the lactiferous ducts in the nipple produced by tying them off or burning them has been used in mice and rats to produce carcinoma experimentally. On the other hand, most textbooks, in discussing lesions of the nipple, advise simple removal of that structure, but none of them state whether there is any danger regarding inflammation, galactocele or carcinoma developing later in the breast. EXPERIMENTS ON ANIMALS An evaluation of the effect of one type of chronic irritation—milk stagnation—on the incidence of mammary carcinoma has been attempted experimentally in mice. Bagg1 ligated the mammary ducts on one side in pregnant References 1. Bagg, H. J.: The Functional Activity of the Breast in Relation to Mammary Carcinoma in Mice , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 22:419-421, 1925. 2. Bogen, E.: The Cause of Breast Cancer , Am. J. Pub. Health 25:245-250 ( (March) ) 1935. 3. Fekete, E., and Green, C. V.: The Influence of Complete Blockage of the Nipple on the Incidence and Location of Spontaneous Mammary Tumors in Mice , Am. J. Cancer 27:513-515 ( (July) ) 1936. 4. Bagg, H. J., and Hagopian, F.: The Functional Activity of the Mammary Gland of the Rat in Relation to Mammary Carcinoma , Am. J. Cancer 35:175-187 ( (Feb.) ) 1939. 5. Adair, F. E., and Bagg, H. J.: Breast Stasis as the Cause of Mammary Cancer , Internat. Clin. 4:19-26 ( (Dec.) ) 1925. 6. Adair, F. E.: Etiological Factors of Mammary Cancer in Two Hundred Women , New York State J. Med. 34:61-68 ( (Jan. 15) ) 1934. 7. Tice, G. I.; Dockerty, M. B., and Harrington, S. W.: Comedomastitis , Surg., Gynec. & Obst. 87:525-540 ( (Nov.) ) 1948.
Archives of Surgery – American Medical Association
Published: Jun 1, 1949
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