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C. Karson (1983)
Spontaneous eye-blink rates and dopaminergic systems.Brain : a journal of neurology, 106 (Pt 3)
M. Buchsbaum, D. Ingvar, R. Kessler, R. Waters, J. Cappelletti, D. Kammen, A. King, J. Johnson, R. Manning, R. Flynn, L. Mann, W. Bunney, L. Sokoloff (1982)
Cerebral glucography with positron tomography. Use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia.Archives of general psychiatry, 39 3
Kaiser MK O'Brien RG (1985)
MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designsPsychol Bull, 97
D. Ingvar, G. Franzén (1974)
ABNORMALITIES OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIAActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 50
R. Morstyn, F. Duffy, R. McCarley (1983)
Altered topography of EEG spectral content in schizophrenia.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 56 4
Weinberger R Berman FK (1986)
Handbook of Schizophrenia, 1
D. Ingvar, B. Sjölund, A. Ardö (1976)
Correlation between dominant EEG frequency, cerebral oxygen uptake and blood flow.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 41 3
M. Buchsbaum, J. Cappelletti, R. Coppola, Francois Regal, A. King, D. Kammen (1982)
New methods to determine the CNS effects of antigeriatric compounds: EEG topography and glucose useDrug Development Research, 2
U. Tolonen, I. Sulg (1981)
Comparison of quantitative EEG parameters from four different analysis techniques in evaluation of relationships between EEG and CBF in brain infarction.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 51 2
T. Gasser, L. Sroka, J. Möcks (1985)
The transfer of EOG activity into the EEG for eyes open and closed.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 61 2
R. O’brien, M. Kaiser (1985)
MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: an extensive primer.Psychological bulletin, 97 2
R. Coppola (1979)
Isolating low frequency activity EEG spectrum analysis.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 46 2
J. Morihisa, F. Duffy, R. Wyatt (1983)
Brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) in schizophrenic patients.Archives of general psychiatry, 40 7
W. Dixon, Morton Brown (1983)
BMDP statistical software
Kunkel H Mock H (1982)
Electroencephalography in Drug Research
Jacques Montplaisir (1975)
Cholinergic mechanisms involved in cortical activation during arousal.Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 38 3
R. Coppola, M. Buchsbaum, F. Rigal (1982)
Computer generation of surface distribution maps of measures of brain activity.Computers in biology and medicine, 12 3
W. Guenther, D. Breitling, J. Banquet, P. Marcie, P. Rondot (1986)
EEG Mapping of left hemisphere dysfunction during motor performance in schizophreniaBiological Psychiatry, 21
Y. Matsue, T. Ōkuma, H. Saito, Shuhei Aneha, T. Ueno, H. Chiba, H. Matsuoka (1986)
Saccadic eye movements in tracking, fixation, and rest in schizophrenic and normal subjectsBiological Psychiatry, 21
Endicott J Spitzer RL (1977)
Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders
L. Festinger (1971)
EYE MOVEMENTS AND PERCEPTION
J. Stevens (1978)
Eye blink and schizophrenia: psychosis or tardive dyskinesia?The American journal of psychiatry, 135 2
Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics American Psychiatric Association (1980)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Abstract • Several topographic mapping studies of electroencephalographic (EEG) power spectra have reported increased slow (delta) activity in the frontal regions of schizophrenic patients. Using supraorbital and lateral canthus electrodes to detect eye movement, we deleted EEG epochs during eye movement in 15 medication-free patients with schizophrenia and in 13 normal control subjects. Power spectral analysis of the 28-channel EEG demonstrated a diffuse mild increase in delta activity in schizophrenic patients compared with normal control subjects but no tendency for frontal localization of this slow activity. There were no differences between schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects in other frequency bands. These results, which replicate earlier findings of increased delta activity in schizophrenia, emphasize the importance of excluding the slow activity due to eye movement in the comparisons of summed EEG spectra. This emphasis can best be ensured by equating the summed spectra from extraocular movement channels of experimental and control groups. References 1. Buchsbaum MS, Cappelletti J, Coppola R, Regal F, King AC, van Kammen DP: New methods to determine the CNS effects of antigeriatric compounds: EEG topography and glucose use . Drug Dev Res 1982;2:489-496.Crossref 2. Morihisa JM, Duffy FH, Wyatt RJ: Brain electrical activity mapping (BEAM) in schizophrenic patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:719-728.Crossref 3. Morstyn R, Duffy FH, McCarley RW: Altered topography of EEG spectral content in schizophrenia . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1983;38:263-271.Crossref 4. Guenther W, Breitling D, Banquet JP, Marcie P, Rondot P: EEG mapping of left hemisphere dysfunction during motor performance in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1986;21:249-262.Crossref 5. Gasser T, Sroka L, Mocks J: The transfer of EOG activity into the EEG for eyes open and closed . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985;61:181-193.Crossref 6. Stevens JR: Eye blink and schizophrenia: Psychosis or tardive dyskinesia? Am J Psychiatry 1978;135:223-226. 7. Karson CN: Spontaneous blink rates and dopaminergic systems . Brain 1983;106:643-653.Crossref 8. Matsue Y, Okuma T, Hidemitsu S, Aneha S, Ueno T, Hideaki C, Matsuoka H: Saccadic-eye movements in tracking, fixation, and rest in schizophrenic and normal subjects . Biol Psychiatry 1986;21:382-389.Crossref 9. Coppola R, Buchsbaum M, Rigal F: Computer generation of surface distribution maps of measures of brain activity . Comput Biol Med 1982;12:191-199.Crossref 10. Coppola R: Isolating low-frequency activity in EEG spectrum analysis . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979;46:224-226.Crossref 11. American Psychiatric Association, Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980. 12. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders , ed 3. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1977. 13. Mock H, Kunkel H: EEG-profile of mepindolol as compared to diazepam and placebo , in Herrmann WM (ed): Electroencephalography in Drug Research . Stuttgart, West Germany, Gustav Fischer, 1982, pp 509-521. 14. O'Brien RG, Kaiser MK: MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs . Psychol Bull 1985;97:316-333.Crossref 15. Dixon WJ (ed): BMDP Statistical Software . Berkeley, Calif, University of California Press, 1983. 16. Ditchburn RW: Eye movements and perception . Oxford, England, Clarendon Press, 1973. 17. Ingvar DH, Sjolund B, Ardo A: Correlation between dominant EEG frequency, cerebral oxygen uptake and blood flow . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1976;41:268-276.Crossref 18. Tolonen U, Sulg IA: Comparison of quantitative EEG parameters from four different analysis techniques in evaluation of relationships between EEG and CBF in brain infarction . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1981;51:177-185.Crossref 19. Berman FK, Weinberger R: Cerebral blood flow studies in schizophrenia , in Nasrallah HA, Weinberger DR (eds): Handbook of Schizophrenia . Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1986, vol 1: The Neurology of Schizophrenia, p 300. 20. Ingvar DH, Franzen G: Abnormalities of cerebral blood flow distribution in patients with chronic schizophrenia . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1974;50:425-462.Crossref 21. Buchsbaum MS, Ingvar DH, Kessler R, Waters RN, Cappelletti J, van Kammen DP, King AC, Johnson JL, Manning RG, Flynn RW, Mann LS, Bunney WE Jr, Sokoloff L: Cerebral glucography with positron tomography: Use in normal subjects and in patients with schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:251-259.Crossref
Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Jun 1, 1987
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