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A Longitudinal Study of Thought Disorder in Manic Patients

A Longitudinal Study of Thought Disorder in Manic Patients Abstract • To study the persistence of thought disorder in manic patients, 34 manic patients were compared with 30 schizophrenic and 30 nonpsychotic patients on four indexes of thought pathology at two phases of disorder: during the acute inpatient phase and one year after hospitalization. Patients were also compared with a control sample of 34 normal subjects. The data indicated that (1) during the acute inhospital phase, both manic and schizophrenic patients were severely thought disordered; (2) at follow-up, a subsample of manic patients showed severe thought disorder; (3) despite the severe thought disorder found at follow-up in some manic and schizophrenic patients, both groups showed a significant reduction of thought pathology at follow-up; and (4) there was a trend for a larger reduction of thought disorder in manic than in schizophrenic patients. The difference, however, was not significant when initial levels of severity were controlled. References 1. Arieti S: Interpretation of Schizophrenia . New York, Basic Books Inc, 1974. 2. Chapman LJ, Chapman JP: Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia . New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1973. 3. Harrow M, Quinlan D: Disordered Thinking and Schizophrenic Psychopathology . New York, Gardner Press Inc, 1985. 4. Johnston MH, Holzman PS: Assessing Schizophrenic Thinking . San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Inc, 1979. 5. Lehman H: Schizophrenia: Clinical features , in Freedman AM, Kaplan HI, Saddock J (eds): Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry , ed 2. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1975, pp 890-923. 6. Rapaport D, Gill MM, Schafer R: Diagnostic Psychological Testing , Holt H (ed). New York, International Universities Press, 1968. 7. Abrams R, Taylor MA: Importance of schizophrenic symptoms in the diagnosis of mania . Am J Psychiatry 1981;138:658-661. 8. Andreasen NC: Thought, language, and communication disorders: II. Diagnostic significance . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:1325-1330.Crossref 9. Andreasen NC, Powers P: Creativity and psychosis: An examination of conceptual style . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:70-73.Crossref 10. Breakey WR, Goodell H: Thought disorder in mania and schizophrenia evaluated by Bannister's grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder . Br J Psychiatry 1972;120:391-395.Crossref 11. Carlson GA, Goodwin FK: The stages of mania . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;8:221-228.Crossref 12. Harrow M, Grossman LS, Silverstein ML, Meltzer HY: Thought pathology in manic and schizophrenic patients: Its occurrence at hospital admission and seven weeks later . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:665-671.Crossref 13. Marengo J, Harrow M: Thought disorder: A function of schizophrenia, mania or psychosis? J Nerv Ment Dis 1985;173:35-41.Crossref 14. Braff DL, Beck AT: Thinking disorder in depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;31:456-459.Crossref 15. Harrow M, Quinlan D: Is disordered thinking unique to schizophrenia? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:15-21.Crossref 16. Rochester SR, Martin JR, Thurstone S: Thought-process disorder in schizophrenia: The listener's task . Brain Lang 1977;4:95-114.Crossref 17. Grossman LS, Harrow M, Silverstein ML: Qualitative analysis of thought pathology in manic and schizophrenic patients. Read before the 88th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Sept 3, 1980. 18. Redlich FC, Freedman DX: Theory and Practice of Psychiatry . New York, Basic Books Inc, 1966. 19. Bleuler E: Dementia Praecox, or the Group of Schizophrenias , Zinkin J (trans). New York, International Press, 1950. 20. Meltzer HY, Lowy M, Robertson A, Goodnick P, Perline R: Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on serum cortisol levels in major affective disorders: III. Effect of antidepressants and lithium carbonate . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:391-398.Crossref 21. Meltzer HY, Tueting P, Jackman H: The effect of lithium on platelet monoamine oxidase activity in bipolar and schizoaffective disorder . Br J Psychiatry 1982;140:192-198.Crossref 22. Harrow M, Grinker RR Sr, Silverstein ML, Holzman P: Is modernday schizophrenic outcome still negative? Am J Psychiatry 1978;135:1156-1162. 23. Harrow M, Miller JG: Schizophrenic thought disorders and impaired perspective . J Abnorm Psychol 1980;89:717-727.Crossref 24. Lanin-Kettering I, Harrow M: The thought behind the words: A view of schizophrenic speech and thinking disorders . Schizophr Bull 1985;11:1-7.Crossref 25. Silverstein ML, Harrow M: Schneiderian first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:288-293.Crossref 26. Spitzer R, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:773-782.Crossref 27. Wechsler D: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Manual . New York, Psychological Corp, 1955. 28. Harrow M, Silverstein ML: Cognitive processes during the postacute phase of schizophrenia , in Sells SB, Crandall R (eds): Human Functioning in Longitudinal Perspective . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1980, pp 9-18. 29. Harrow M, Silverstein ML, Marengo J: Disordered thinking: Does it identify nuclear schizophrenia? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:765-771.Crossref 30. Fish FJ: Schizophrenia . Bristol, England, John Wright & Sons Ltd, 1962. 31. Andreasen NC: Negative symptoms in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:784-788.Crossref 32. Angrist B, Rotrosen J, Gershon S: Differential effects of neuroleptics on negative versus positive symptoms in schizophrenia . Psychopharmacology 1980;72:17-19.Crossref 33. Pogue-Geile M, Harrow M: Negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia and depression: A follow-up . Schizophr Bull 1984;10:371-387.Crossref 34. Strauss JS, Carpenter WT, Bartko J: The Psychiatric Assessment Interview (PAI) . New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press, 1974. 35. Goldstein K, Scheerer M: Abstract and concrete behavior: An experimental study with special tests . Psychol Monogr 1941;53:1-239.Crossref 36. Gorham DR: A proverbs test for clinical and experimental use . Psychol Rep 1956;2:1-12.Crossref 37. Marengo J, Harrow M, Wilson A, Lanin-Kettering I: A manual for assessing aspects of bizarre-idiosyncratic thinking , in Harrow M, Quinlan D (eds): Disordered Thinking and Schizophrenic Psychopathology . New York, Gardner Press, 1985. 38. Harrow M, Lanin-Kettering I, Prosen M, Miller JG: Disordered thinking in schizophrenia: Intermingling and loss of set . Schizophr Bull 1983;9:354-367.Crossref 39. Harrow M, Harkavy K, Bromet E, Tucker FJ: A longitudinal study of schizophrenic thinking . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:179-182.Crossref 40. Himmelhoch J, Harrow M, Hersh J, Tucker FJ: Manual for Assessment of Selected Aspects of Thinking: Object-Sorting Test . New York, American Society for Information Sciences/National Auxiliary Publications Service, Microfiche Publications, 1973, No. 02206. 41. Cohen J, Cohen P: Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975. 42. Levenstein S, Klein DF, Pollack M: Follow-up study of formerly hospitalized voluntary patients: The first two years . Am J Psychiatry 1966;10:1102-1109. 43. Grossman LS, Harrow M, Fudala J, Meltzer HY: The longitudinal course of schizoaffective disorders: A prospective follow-up study . J Nerv Ment Dis 1984;172:140-149.Crossref 44. Harrow M, Prosen M: Intermingling and disordered logic as influences on schizophrenic thought disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:1213-1218.Crossref 45. Harrow M, Prosen M: Schizophrenic thought disorders: Bizarre associations and intermingling . Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:293-296. 46. Ragin AB, Lanin-Kettering I, Harrow M, Grossman LS, King G: The role of intermingling in manic and schizophrenic thought disorder. Read before the 99th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Aug 28, 1984. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

A Longitudinal Study of Thought Disorder in Manic Patients

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References (45)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800080067009
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Abstract

Abstract • To study the persistence of thought disorder in manic patients, 34 manic patients were compared with 30 schizophrenic and 30 nonpsychotic patients on four indexes of thought pathology at two phases of disorder: during the acute inpatient phase and one year after hospitalization. Patients were also compared with a control sample of 34 normal subjects. The data indicated that (1) during the acute inhospital phase, both manic and schizophrenic patients were severely thought disordered; (2) at follow-up, a subsample of manic patients showed severe thought disorder; (3) despite the severe thought disorder found at follow-up in some manic and schizophrenic patients, both groups showed a significant reduction of thought pathology at follow-up; and (4) there was a trend for a larger reduction of thought disorder in manic than in schizophrenic patients. The difference, however, was not significant when initial levels of severity were controlled. References 1. Arieti S: Interpretation of Schizophrenia . New York, Basic Books Inc, 1974. 2. Chapman LJ, Chapman JP: Disordered Thought in Schizophrenia . New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1973. 3. Harrow M, Quinlan D: Disordered Thinking and Schizophrenic Psychopathology . New York, Gardner Press Inc, 1985. 4. Johnston MH, Holzman PS: Assessing Schizophrenic Thinking . San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Inc, 1979. 5. Lehman H: Schizophrenia: Clinical features , in Freedman AM, Kaplan HI, Saddock J (eds): Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry , ed 2. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1975, pp 890-923. 6. Rapaport D, Gill MM, Schafer R: Diagnostic Psychological Testing , Holt H (ed). New York, International Universities Press, 1968. 7. Abrams R, Taylor MA: Importance of schizophrenic symptoms in the diagnosis of mania . Am J Psychiatry 1981;138:658-661. 8. Andreasen NC: Thought, language, and communication disorders: II. Diagnostic significance . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:1325-1330.Crossref 9. Andreasen NC, Powers P: Creativity and psychosis: An examination of conceptual style . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:70-73.Crossref 10. Breakey WR, Goodell H: Thought disorder in mania and schizophrenia evaluated by Bannister's grid test for schizophrenic thought disorder . Br J Psychiatry 1972;120:391-395.Crossref 11. Carlson GA, Goodwin FK: The stages of mania . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;8:221-228.Crossref 12. Harrow M, Grossman LS, Silverstein ML, Meltzer HY: Thought pathology in manic and schizophrenic patients: Its occurrence at hospital admission and seven weeks later . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:665-671.Crossref 13. Marengo J, Harrow M: Thought disorder: A function of schizophrenia, mania or psychosis? J Nerv Ment Dis 1985;173:35-41.Crossref 14. Braff DL, Beck AT: Thinking disorder in depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974;31:456-459.Crossref 15. Harrow M, Quinlan D: Is disordered thinking unique to schizophrenia? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:15-21.Crossref 16. Rochester SR, Martin JR, Thurstone S: Thought-process disorder in schizophrenia: The listener's task . Brain Lang 1977;4:95-114.Crossref 17. Grossman LS, Harrow M, Silverstein ML: Qualitative analysis of thought pathology in manic and schizophrenic patients. Read before the 88th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, Sept 3, 1980. 18. Redlich FC, Freedman DX: Theory and Practice of Psychiatry . New York, Basic Books Inc, 1966. 19. Bleuler E: Dementia Praecox, or the Group of Schizophrenias , Zinkin J (trans). New York, International Press, 1950. 20. Meltzer HY, Lowy M, Robertson A, Goodnick P, Perline R: Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on serum cortisol levels in major affective disorders: III. Effect of antidepressants and lithium carbonate . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:391-398.Crossref 21. Meltzer HY, Tueting P, Jackman H: The effect of lithium on platelet monoamine oxidase activity in bipolar and schizoaffective disorder . Br J Psychiatry 1982;140:192-198.Crossref 22. Harrow M, Grinker RR Sr, Silverstein ML, Holzman P: Is modernday schizophrenic outcome still negative? Am J Psychiatry 1978;135:1156-1162. 23. Harrow M, Miller JG: Schizophrenic thought disorders and impaired perspective . J Abnorm Psychol 1980;89:717-727.Crossref 24. Lanin-Kettering I, Harrow M: The thought behind the words: A view of schizophrenic speech and thinking disorders . Schizophr Bull 1985;11:1-7.Crossref 25. Silverstein ML, Harrow M: Schneiderian first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:288-293.Crossref 26. Spitzer R, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:773-782.Crossref 27. Wechsler D: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Manual . New York, Psychological Corp, 1955. 28. Harrow M, Silverstein ML: Cognitive processes during the postacute phase of schizophrenia , in Sells SB, Crandall R (eds): Human Functioning in Longitudinal Perspective . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1980, pp 9-18. 29. Harrow M, Silverstein ML, Marengo J: Disordered thinking: Does it identify nuclear schizophrenia? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:765-771.Crossref 30. Fish FJ: Schizophrenia . Bristol, England, John Wright & Sons Ltd, 1962. 31. Andreasen NC: Negative symptoms in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:784-788.Crossref 32. Angrist B, Rotrosen J, Gershon S: Differential effects of neuroleptics on negative versus positive symptoms in schizophrenia . Psychopharmacology 1980;72:17-19.Crossref 33. Pogue-Geile M, Harrow M: Negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia and depression: A follow-up . Schizophr Bull 1984;10:371-387.Crossref 34. Strauss JS, Carpenter WT, Bartko J: The Psychiatric Assessment Interview (PAI) . New Haven, Conn, Yale University Press, 1974. 35. Goldstein K, Scheerer M: Abstract and concrete behavior: An experimental study with special tests . Psychol Monogr 1941;53:1-239.Crossref 36. Gorham DR: A proverbs test for clinical and experimental use . Psychol Rep 1956;2:1-12.Crossref 37. Marengo J, Harrow M, Wilson A, Lanin-Kettering I: A manual for assessing aspects of bizarre-idiosyncratic thinking , in Harrow M, Quinlan D (eds): Disordered Thinking and Schizophrenic Psychopathology . New York, Gardner Press, 1985. 38. Harrow M, Lanin-Kettering I, Prosen M, Miller JG: Disordered thinking in schizophrenia: Intermingling and loss of set . Schizophr Bull 1983;9:354-367.Crossref 39. Harrow M, Harkavy K, Bromet E, Tucker FJ: A longitudinal study of schizophrenic thinking . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1973;28:179-182.Crossref 40. Himmelhoch J, Harrow M, Hersh J, Tucker FJ: Manual for Assessment of Selected Aspects of Thinking: Object-Sorting Test . New York, American Society for Information Sciences/National Auxiliary Publications Service, Microfiche Publications, 1973, No. 02206. 41. Cohen J, Cohen P: Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1975. 42. Levenstein S, Klein DF, Pollack M: Follow-up study of formerly hospitalized voluntary patients: The first two years . Am J Psychiatry 1966;10:1102-1109. 43. Grossman LS, Harrow M, Fudala J, Meltzer HY: The longitudinal course of schizoaffective disorders: A prospective follow-up study . J Nerv Ment Dis 1984;172:140-149.Crossref 44. Harrow M, Prosen M: Intermingling and disordered logic as influences on schizophrenic thought disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;35:1213-1218.Crossref 45. Harrow M, Prosen M: Schizophrenic thought disorders: Bizarre associations and intermingling . Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:293-296. 46. Ragin AB, Lanin-Kettering I, Harrow M, Grossman LS, King G: The role of intermingling in manic and schizophrenic thought disorder. Read before the 99th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Toronto, Aug 28, 1984.

Journal

Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1986

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