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Increased Brain Radiodensity in Alcoholism: A Co-twin Control Study

Increased Brain Radiodensity in Alcoholism: A Co-twin Control Study Abstract • Significantly increased brain density was found in the frontal lobes and caudate and thalamic nuclei of monozygotic twins who were severely dependent on alcohol when compared with their normal-drinking co-twins. No significant differences in brain radiodensity were found in a group of identical twins who were discordant for less severe alcoholism. Hemispheric differences in brain density were also examined. Right-handed normal twins had greater density in the left caudate than in the right caudate region; this difference was reduced but still present in alcoholics. References 1. Brewer C, Perrett L: Brain damage due to alcohol consumption: An air encephalographic study . Br J Addict 1971;66:170-182.Crossref 2. Ron MA: The alcoholic brain: CT scan and psychological findings . Psychol Med Monogr Suppl 1983;3:1-33.Crossref 3. Ron MA, Acker W, Shaw GK, Lishman WA: Computerised tomography of the brain in chronic alcoholism: A survey and follow-up study . Brain 1982;105:497-514.Crossref 4. Acker W: Objective psychological changes in alcoholics after the withdrawal of alcohol . Br Med Bull 1982;38:95-98. 5. Naeser MA, Gebhardt C, Levine HL: Decreased computerized tomography numbers in patients with possible dementia . Arch Neurol 1980;37:401-409.Crossref 6. Golden CJ, Graber B, Blose I, Berg R, Coffman J, Bloch S: Difference in brain densities between chronic alcoholic and normal control patients . Science 1980;211:508-510.Crossref 7. Dencker SJ, Lofving B: A psychometric study of identical twins discordant for closed head injury . Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1958;122:1-50. 8. Slater E, Shields J: Genetical aspects of anxiety ; in Lader M (ed): Studies of Anxiety. Br J Psychiatry (special issue No. 3), 1969, pp 62-71. 9. Gurling HMD, Clifford CA, Murray RM: Investigations into the genetics of alcohol dependence and into its effects on brain function . Prog Clin Biol Res 1981;69:77-87. 10. Gurling HMD, Oppenheim BE, Murray RM: Depression, criminality and psychopathology related to alcoholism: Evidence from a twin study . Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1984;33:333-339. 11. Edwards G, Gross MM, Keller M, Moser J, Room R: Alcohol Related Disabilities , publication 32. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1977. 12. Caetano R, Edwards G, Oppenheim AN, Taylor C: Building a standardised alcoholism interview schedule . Drug Alcohol Depend 1978;3:185-197.Crossref 13. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders , ed 2. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1975. 14. Gurling HMD, Reveley MA, Murray RM: Increased cerebral ventricular volume in monozygotic twins discordant for alcoholism . Lancet 1984;1:986-988.Crossref 15. Acker W, Acker C: Bexley Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening and Bexley Maudsley Category Sorting Test Manual . Oxford, England, National Foundation for Education Research-Nelson, 1982. 16. Kleinknecht R, Goldstein S: Neuropsychological deficits associated with alcoholism: A review and discussion . Q J Stud Alcohol 1972;33:999-1019. 17. Walker DW, Barnes DE, Riley JN, Hunter BE, Zorzetzer SF: Neurotoxicity of chronic alcohol consumption: An animal model , in Sandler M (ed): Psychopharmacology of Alcohol . New York, Raven Press, 1980, pp 17-31. 18. Ron MA: Brain damage in chronic alcoholism: A neuropathological, neuroradiological and psychological review . Psychol Med 1977;7:103-112.Crossref 19. Berglund M, Sonesson B: Personality impairment in alcoholism: Its relation to regional cerebral blood flow and psychometric performance . Q J Stud Alcohol 1976;37:298-310. 20. Courville C: Effects of Alcohol on the Central Nervous System . Los Angeles, San Lucas Press, 1955. 21. Tarter RE: Brain damage in chronic alcoholics: A review of the psychological evidence , in Richter D (ed): Addiction and Brain Damage . London, Croom Helm, 1980, pp 267-297. 22. Luria A: Human Brain and Psychological Processes . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1966. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

Increased Brain Radiodensity in Alcoholism: A Co-twin Control Study

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References (25)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800080050007
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • Significantly increased brain density was found in the frontal lobes and caudate and thalamic nuclei of monozygotic twins who were severely dependent on alcohol when compared with their normal-drinking co-twins. No significant differences in brain radiodensity were found in a group of identical twins who were discordant for less severe alcoholism. Hemispheric differences in brain density were also examined. Right-handed normal twins had greater density in the left caudate than in the right caudate region; this difference was reduced but still present in alcoholics. References 1. Brewer C, Perrett L: Brain damage due to alcohol consumption: An air encephalographic study . Br J Addict 1971;66:170-182.Crossref 2. Ron MA: The alcoholic brain: CT scan and psychological findings . Psychol Med Monogr Suppl 1983;3:1-33.Crossref 3. Ron MA, Acker W, Shaw GK, Lishman WA: Computerised tomography of the brain in chronic alcoholism: A survey and follow-up study . Brain 1982;105:497-514.Crossref 4. Acker W: Objective psychological changes in alcoholics after the withdrawal of alcohol . Br Med Bull 1982;38:95-98. 5. Naeser MA, Gebhardt C, Levine HL: Decreased computerized tomography numbers in patients with possible dementia . Arch Neurol 1980;37:401-409.Crossref 6. Golden CJ, Graber B, Blose I, Berg R, Coffman J, Bloch S: Difference in brain densities between chronic alcoholic and normal control patients . Science 1980;211:508-510.Crossref 7. Dencker SJ, Lofving B: A psychometric study of identical twins discordant for closed head injury . Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1958;122:1-50. 8. Slater E, Shields J: Genetical aspects of anxiety ; in Lader M (ed): Studies of Anxiety. Br J Psychiatry (special issue No. 3), 1969, pp 62-71. 9. Gurling HMD, Clifford CA, Murray RM: Investigations into the genetics of alcohol dependence and into its effects on brain function . Prog Clin Biol Res 1981;69:77-87. 10. Gurling HMD, Oppenheim BE, Murray RM: Depression, criminality and psychopathology related to alcoholism: Evidence from a twin study . Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1984;33:333-339. 11. Edwards G, Gross MM, Keller M, Moser J, Room R: Alcohol Related Disabilities , publication 32. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1977. 12. Caetano R, Edwards G, Oppenheim AN, Taylor C: Building a standardised alcoholism interview schedule . Drug Alcohol Depend 1978;3:185-197.Crossref 13. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders , ed 2. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1975. 14. Gurling HMD, Reveley MA, Murray RM: Increased cerebral ventricular volume in monozygotic twins discordant for alcoholism . Lancet 1984;1:986-988.Crossref 15. Acker W, Acker C: Bexley Maudsley Automated Psychological Screening and Bexley Maudsley Category Sorting Test Manual . Oxford, England, National Foundation for Education Research-Nelson, 1982. 16. Kleinknecht R, Goldstein S: Neuropsychological deficits associated with alcoholism: A review and discussion . Q J Stud Alcohol 1972;33:999-1019. 17. Walker DW, Barnes DE, Riley JN, Hunter BE, Zorzetzer SF: Neurotoxicity of chronic alcohol consumption: An animal model , in Sandler M (ed): Psychopharmacology of Alcohol . New York, Raven Press, 1980, pp 17-31. 18. Ron MA: Brain damage in chronic alcoholism: A neuropathological, neuroradiological and psychological review . Psychol Med 1977;7:103-112.Crossref 19. Berglund M, Sonesson B: Personality impairment in alcoholism: Its relation to regional cerebral blood flow and psychometric performance . Q J Stud Alcohol 1976;37:298-310. 20. Courville C: Effects of Alcohol on the Central Nervous System . Los Angeles, San Lucas Press, 1955. 21. Tarter RE: Brain damage in chronic alcoholics: A review of the psychological evidence , in Richter D (ed): Addiction and Brain Damage . London, Croom Helm, 1980, pp 267-297. 22. Luria A: Human Brain and Psychological Processes . Hagerstown, Md, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1966.

Journal

Archives of General PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1986

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