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Amdisen A Hansen H (1978)
Lithium intoxicationQ J Med, 47
Dorus E Pandey GN (1979)
Lithium transport in human red blood cellsArch Gen Psychiatry, 36
S. Levin, P. Holzman, S. Rothenberg, R. Lipton (1981)
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R. Tomer, M. Mintz, A. Levy, M. Myslobodsky (1981)
Smooth pursuit pattern in schizophrenic patients during cognitive task.Biological psychiatry, 16 2
H. Spohn, J. Larson (1983)
Methodological Consensus in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements: Workshop Contributions Is Eye Tracking Dysfunction Specific to Schizophrenia?Schizophrenia Bulletin, 9
J. Cegalis, J. Sweeney (1979)
Eye movements in schizophrenia: a quantitative analysis.Biological psychiatry, 14 1
Y. Lapierre (1976)
Control of lithium tremor with propranolol.Canadian Medical Association journal, 114 7
G. Pandey, E. Dorus, J. Davis, D. Tosteson (1979)
Lithium transport in human red blood cells: genetic and clinical aspects.Archives of general psychiatry, 36 8 Spec No
C. Kuechenmeister, P. Linton, T. Mueller, H. White (1977)
Eye tracking in relation to age, sex, and illness.Archives of general psychiatry, 34 5
F. Johnson, S. Wormington (1972)
Effect of lithium on rearing activity in rats.Nature: New biology, 235 57
L. Salzman, R. Klein, J. Strauss (1978)
Pendulum eye-tracking in remitted psychiatric patients.Journal of psychiatric research, 14 1-4
Heninger GR (1978)
Lithium carbonate and brain functionArch Gen Psychiatry, 35
J. Stevens (1978)
Eye blink and schizophrenia: psychosis or tardive dyskinesia?The American journal of psychiatry, 135 2
B. Shopsin, G. Johnson, S. Gershon (1970)
Neurotoxicity with Lithium: Differential Drug ResponsivenessInternational pharmacopsychiatry, 5
Monteiro MLR Coppeto JR (1983)
Downbeat nystagmus: Long-term therapy with moderate-dose lithium carbonateArch Neurol, 40
Drischel H (1968)
The frequency response of horizontal pursuit movements of the human eye and the influence of alcoholProg Basic Res, 22
J. Cegalis, H. Hafez, Philip Wong (1983)
What is deviant about deviant smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia?Psychiatry Research, 10
H. Drischel (1968)
The frequency response of horizontal pursuit movements of the human eye and the influence of alcohol.Progress in brain research, 22
H. May (1979)
Oculomotor pursuit in schizophrenia.Archives of general psychiatry, 36 7
Krebs F-A Girke W (1975)
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R. Lipton, S. Levin, P. Holzman (1980)
Horizontal and vertical pursuit eye movements, the oculocephalic reflex, and the functional psychosesPsychiatry Research, 3
A. Mandell, S. Knapp (1977)
Regulation of serotonin biosynthesis in brain: role of the high affinity uptake of tryptophan into serotonergic neurons.Federation proceedings, 36 8
G. Heninger (1978)
Lithium carbonate and brain function. I. Cerebral-evoked potentials, EEG, and symptom changes during lithium carbonate treatment.Archives of general psychiatry, 35 2
A. Ghadirian, Heinz Lehmann (1980)
Neurological side effects of lithium: organic brain syndrome, seizures, extrapyramidal side effects, and EEG changes.Comprehensive psychiatry, 21 5
G. Johnson, M. Maccario, S. Gershon, J. Korein (1970)
THE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM ON ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM, BEHAVIOR AND SERUM ELECTROLYTESThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 151
H. Spohn, L. Coyne, R. Lacoursiere, D. Mazur, K. Hayes (1985)
Relation of neuroleptic dose and tardive dyskinesia to attention, information-processing, and psychophysiology in medicated schizophrenics.Archives of general psychiatry, 42 9
J. Stevens (1978)
Disturbances of ocular movements and blinking in schizophrenia.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 41
D. Levy, N. Yasillo, E. Dorus, R. Shaughnessy, R. Gibbons, J. Peterson, P. Janicak, M. Gaviria, J. Davis (1983)
Relatives of unipolar and bipolar patients have normal pursuitPsychiatry Research, 10
Graff E Elizur A (1974)
The Impact of Biology on Modern Psychiatry
M. Schou (1968)
Lithium in psychiatric therapy and prophylaxis.Journal of psychiatric research, 6 1
P. Holzman, E. Kringlen, D. Levy, L. Proctor, S. Haberman, N. Yasillo (1977)
Abnormal-pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia. Evidence for a genetic indicator.Archives of general psychiatry, 34 7
P. Holzman, E. Kringlen, D. Levy, L. Proctor, S. Haberman (1978)
Smooth pursuit eye movements in twins discordant for schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatric research, 14 1-4
P. Holzman, L. Proctor, Dominic Hughes (1973)
Eye-Tracking Patterns in SchizophreniaScience, 181
W. Iacono, L. Péloquin, A. Lumry, R. Valentine, V. Tuason (1982)
Eye tracking in patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorders in remission.Journal of abnormal psychology, 91 1
J. Kane, A. Rifkin, F. Quitkin, D. Klein (1978)
Extrapyramidal side effects with lithium treatment.The American journal of psychiatry, 135 7
Hans Hansen, Amdi Amdisen (1978)
Lithium intoxication. (Report of 23 cases and review of 100 cases from the literature).The Quarterly journal of medicine, 47 186
G. Pandey, Indra Goel, John Davis (1979)
Effect of neuroleptic drugs on lithium uptake by the human erythrocyteClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 26
R. Baloh, S. Sharma, H. Moskowitz, R. Griffith (1979)
Effect of alcohol and marijuana on eye movements.Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 50 1
J. Overall, D. Gorham (1962)
The Brief Psychiatric Rating ScalePsychological Reports, 10
P. Bittencourt, P. Wade, A. Smith, A. Richens (1983)
Benzodiazepines impair smooth pursuit eye movements.British journal of clinical pharmacology, 15 2
Lipton RB Levy DL (1981)
Smooth-pursuit eye movements and alcohol and chloral hydrateJ Psychiatr Res, 16
Salzman LF Klein RH (1976)
Eye tracking in psychiatric patients and their offspringPsychophysiology, 13
C. Shagass, R. Roemer, M. Amadeo (1976)
Eye-tracking performance and engagement of attention.Archives of general psychiatry, 33 1
Floru L (1971)
Klinische Behandlungsversuche des lithiumbedingten Tremors durch einen beta-Rezeptorenantagonisten (Propranolol)Int Pharmacopsychiatry, 6
P. Holzman, C. Solomon, S. Levin, C. Waternaux (1984)
Pursuit eye movement dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Family evidence for specificity.Archives of general psychiatry, 41 2
Selkoe D Rothenberg SJ (1981)
Specific oculomotor deficit after diazepam: II. Smooth-pursuit eye movementsPsychopharmacologia, 74
C. Shagass, M. Amadeo, D. Overton (1974)
Eye-tracking performance in psychiatric patients.Biological psychiatry, 9 3
A. Diefendorf, R. Dodge (1908)
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE OCULAR REACTIONS OF THE INSANE FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS.Brain, 31
A. Mandell, S. Knapp (1976)
A Neurobiological Model for the Symmetrical Prophylactic Action of Lithium in Bipolar Affective Disorder*Pharmacopsychiatrie, 9
Campanini T Dasso L (1977)
Modificazioni elettroencefalografiche in corso di terapia con sali di litio: Correlazione con il contenuto intraeritrocitario di litioActa Biomed, 48
C. Rashbass (1961)
The relationship between saccadic and smooth tracking eye movementsThe Journal of Physiology, 159
Pichot P Mialet JP (1981)
Eye tracking patterns in schizophreniaArch Gen Psychiatry, 32
D. Levy, R. Lipton, N. Yasillo, J. Peterson, G. Pandey, John Davis (1984)
Psychotropic Drug Effects on Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements: A Summary of Recent FindingsAdvances in psychology, 22
Levy DL Holzman PS (1975)
Smooth pursuit eye movements and diazepam, CPZ, and secobarbitalPsychopharmacologia, 44
H. White (1938)
Ocular pursuit in normal and psychopathological subjects.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22
P. Holzman, E. Kringlen, D. Levy, S. Haberman (1980)
Deviant eye tracking in twins discordant for psychosis. A replication.Archives of general psychiatry, 37 6
H. Pass, L. Salzman, R. Klorman, G. Kaskey, R. Klein (1978)
The effect of distraction on acute schizophrenics' visual tracking.Biological psychiatry, 13 5
P. Holzman, L. Proctor, D. Levy, N. Yasillo, Herbert Meltzer, S. Hurt (1974)
Eye-tracking dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients and their relatives.Archives of general psychiatry, 31 2
G. Pandey, J. Baker, Sidney Chang, John Davis (1978)
Prediction of in vivo red cell/plasma Li+ ratios by in vitro methodsClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 24
M. Baron, E. Gershon, V. Rudy, W. Jonas, M. Buchsbaum (1975)
Lithium carbonate response in depression. Prediction by unipolar/bipolar illness, average-evoked response, catechol-O-methyl transferase, and family history.Archives of general psychiatry, 32 9
J. Small, V. Milstein, H. Perez, I. Small, D. Moore (1972)
EEG and neurophysiological studies of lithium in normal volunteers.Biological psychiatry, 5 1
Robert Baloh, Joseph Spooner (1981)
Downbeat nystagmusNeurology, 31
W. Iacono, D. Lykken (1979)
Electro-oculographic recording and scoring of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye tracking: a parametric study using monozygotic twins.Psychophysiology, 16 2
F. Couch, J. Fox (1934)
PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDY OF OCULAR MOVEMENTS IN MENTAL DISEASEJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 31
William Iacono, D. Lykken (1981)
Two-year retest stability of eye tracking performance and a comparison of electro-oculographic and infrared recording techniques: evidence of EEG in the electro-oculogram.Psychophysiology, 18 1
William Iacono, Vicente Tuason, Roger Johnson (1981)
Dissociation of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye tracking in remitted schizophrenics. An ocular reaction time task that schizophrenic perform well.Archives of general psychiatry, 38 9
D. Mayfield, R. Brown (1966)
The clinical laboratory and electroencephalographic effects of lithium.Journal of psychiatric research, 4 3
Fox JC Couch FH (1934)
Photographic study of ocular movements in mental diseaseArch Neurol Psychiatry, 34
A. Lobo, E. Pilek, P. Stokes (1978)
Papilledema following therapeutic dosages of lithium carbonate.The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 166 7
A. Bartfai, S. Levander, G. Sedvall (1983)
Smooth pursuit eye movements, clinical symptoms, CSF metabolites, and skin conductance habituation in schizophrenic patients.Biological psychiatry, 18 9
Spooner JW Baloh RW (1981)
Downbeat nystagmus: A type of central vestibular nystagmusNeurology, 31
Tuason VB Iacono WG (1981)
Dissociation of smooth-pursuit and saccadic eye tracking in remitted schizophrenicsArch Gen Psychiatry, 38
Straumanis JJ Shagass C (1973)
Effects of lithium and amitriptyline therapy on somatosensory evoked response 'excitability' measurementsPsychopharmacologia, 29
D. Lindsey, P. Holzman, S. Haberman, N. Yasillo (1978)
Smooth-pursuit eye movements: a comparison of two measurement techniques for studying schizophrenia.Journal of abnormal psychology, 87 5
Larson J Spohn HE (1983)
Is eye tracking dysfunction specific to schizophrenia?Schizophr Bull, 9
E. Reilly, K. Halmi, R. Noyes (1973)
Electroencephalographic responses to lithium.International pharmacopsychiatry, 8 4
R. Baldessarini, C. Yorke (1970)
Effects of Lithium and of pH on Synaptosomal Metabolism of NoradrenalineNature, 228
Knapp S Mandell AJ (1976)
A neurobiological model for the symmetrical prophylactic action of lithium in bipolar affective disorderPharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol, 9
J. Cegalis, J. Sweeney (1981)
The effect of attention on smooth pursuit eye movements of schizophrenics.Journal of psychiatric research, 16 3
W. Girke, F. Krebs, B. Müller-Oerlinghausen (1975)
Effects of lithium on electromyographic recordings in man. Studies in manic-depressive patients and normal volunteers.International pharmacopsychiatry, 10 1
J. Coppeto, M. Monteiro, S. Lessell, L. Bear, M. Martínez‐Maldonado (1983)
Downbeat Nystagmus: Long-term Therapy With Moderate-Dose Lithium CarbonateJAMA Neurology, 40
J. Endicott, R. Spitzer (1978)
A diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia.Archives of general psychiatry, 35 7
Lipton RB Levy DL (1984)
Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research
M. Branchey, J. Charles, G. Simpson (1976)
Extrapyramidal side effects in lithium maintenance therapy.The American journal of psychiatry, 133 4
Karson Cn (1979)
Oculomotor signs in a psychiatric population: a preliminary report.American Journal of Psychiatry, 136
D. Levy, R. Lipton, P. Holzman, J. Davis (1983)
Eye tracking dysfunction unrelated to clinical state and treatment with haloperidol.Biological psychiatry, 18 7
R. Lipton, D. Levy, P. Holzman, S. Levin (1983)
Eye movement dysfunctions in psychiatric patients: a review.Schizophrenia bulletin, 9 1
A. Elizur, E. Graff, M. Steiner, S. Davidson (1977)
Intra/Extra Red Blood Cell Lithium and Electrolyte Distributions as Correlates of Neurotoxic Reactions During Lithium Therapy
Levy DL Holzman PS (1977)
Smooth-pursuit eye movement and functional psychoses: A reviewSchizophr Bull, 3
R. Pivik (1979)
Smooth pursuit eye movements and attention in psychiatric patients.Biological psychiatry, 14 6
Endicott J Spitzer RL (1978)
Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders
Jaime Benitezy (1970)
Eye‐tracking and optokinetic tests: Diagnostic significance in peripheral and central vestibular disordersThe Laryngoscope, 80
T. Zakowska-Dabrowska, J. Rybakowski (1973)
LITHIUM‐INDUCED EEG CHANGES: RELATION TO LITHIUM LEVELS IN SERUM AND RED BLOOD CELLSActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 49
H. Norris (1968)
The time course of barbiturate action in man investigated by measurement of smooth tracking eye movement.British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 33 1
D. Levy, R. Lipton, P. Holzman (1981)
Smooth pursuit eye movements: effects of alcohol and chloral hydrate.Journal of psychiatric research, 16 1
P. Holzman, D. Levy, L. Proctor (1976)
Smooth pursuit eye movements, attention, and schizophrenia.Archives of general psychiatry, 33 12
Jenner FA Dimitrakoudi M (1975)
Lithium Research and Therapy
M. Schou (1962)
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING TREATMENT WITH LITHIUM AND WITH DRUGS OF THE IMIPRAMINE‐TYPE 1Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 38
Maccario M Johnson G (1970)
The effects of lithium on EEG, behavior and serum electrolytesJ Nerv Ment Dis, 151
Abstract • Conflicting findings regarding the prevalence of abnormal smooth-pursuit eye movements in patients with major affective disorders call into question the specificity of impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements to schizophrenia. We report that pursuit is impaired in 88% of lithium carbonate—treated affective disorder patients whose pursuit was normal prior to receiving this drug. Over half of lithium carbonate—treated affective disorder patients in remission also showed impairment of smooth-pursuit eye movements. In conjunction with recent prevalence data on family members of psychiatric patients, the findings support the specificity of abnormal pursuit as a biological trait associated with schizophrenia, but not with the major affective disorders. The mechanisms by which lithium carbonate impairs pursuit are discussed. References 1. Holzman PS, Proctor LR, Hughes DW: Eye tracking patterns in schizophrenia . Science 1973;181:179-181.Crossref 2. 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Pass HL, Salzman LF, Klorman R, Kaskey GB, Klein RH: The effects of distraction on acute schizophrenics' visual tracking . Biol Psychiatry 1978;13:587-593. 9. Salzman LF, Klein RH, Strauss JS: Pendulum eye tracking in remitted psychiatric patients . J Psychiatr Res 1978;14:121-126.Crossref 10. May HJ: Oculomotor pursuit in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;36:827.Crossref 11. Pivik RT: Smooth pursuit eye movements and attention in psychiatric patients . Biol Psychiatry 1979;14:859-879. 12. Karson CN: Oculomotor signs in a psychiatric population: A preliminary report . Am J Psychiatry 1979;136:1057-1060. 13. Cegalis JA, Sweeney JA: Eye movements in schizophrenia: A quantitative analysis . Biol Psychiatry 1979;14:13-26. 14. Cegalis JA, Sweeney JA: The effect of attention on smooth pursuit eye movements of schizophrenics . J Psychiatr Res 1981;16:145-161.Crossref 15. 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Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Apr 1, 1985
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