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P. Wender, D. Rosenthal, S. Kety (1968)
A psychiatric assessment of the adoptive parents of schizophrenicsJournal of Psychiatric Research, 6
C. Wild, M. Singer, B. Rosman, J. Ricci, T. Lidz (1965)
Measuring disordered styles of thinking. Using the Object Sorting Test on parents of schizophrenic patients.Archives of general psychiatry, 13 5
Endicott J Spitzer RL (1975)
Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders
Jones FH (1974)
A four-year follow-up of vulnerable adolescentsJ Nerv Ment Dis, 159
Singer M Wynne L (1976)
Schizophrenia 75: Psychotherapy, Family Studies, Research
J. Jones (1977)
Patterns of transactional style deviance in the TAT's of parents of schizophrenics.Family process, 16 3
M. Liebowitz (1979)
Is borderline a distinct entity?Schizophrenia bulletin, 5 1
G. Morris, L. Wynne (1965)
SCHIZOPHRENIC OFFSPRING AND PARENTAL STYLES OF COMMUNICATION. A PREDICTIVE STUDY USING EXCERPTS OF FAMILY THERAPY RECORDINGS.Psychiatry, 28
T. Jacob (1975)
Family interaction in disturbed and normal families: a methadological and substantive review.Psychological bulletin, 82 1
G. Brown, J. Birley, J. Wing (1972)
Influence of Family Life on the Course of Schizophrenic Disorders: A ReplicationBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 121
F. Strodtbeck (1954)
The Family as a Three-Person GroupAmerican Sociological Review, 19
A. Forrest (1976)
ABNORMALITIES IN PARENTS OF SCHIZOPHRENICSJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 39
F. Jones (1974)
A 4-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF VULNERABLE ADOLESCENTS: The Prediction of Outcomes in Early Adulthood from Measures of Social Competence, Coping Style, and Overall Level of PsychopathologyThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 159
M. Goldstein, L. Judd, E. Rodnick, A. Alkire, E. Gould (1968)
A METHOD FOR STUDYING SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND COPING PATTERNS WITHIN FAMILIES OF DISTURBED ADOLESCENTSThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 147
C. Vaughn, J. Leff (1976)
The Influence of Family and Social Factors on the Course of Psychiatric IllnessBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 129
M. Goldstein, E. Rodnick (1975)
The family's contribution to the etiology of schizophrenia: current status.Schizophrenia bulletin, 14
Singer M Wynne L (1976)
Psychiatric Research: The Widening Perspective
J. Doane (1978)
Family interaction and communication deviance in disturbed and normal families: a review of research.Family process, 17 3
Wynne L Morris G (1965)
Schizophrenic offspring and parental styles of communicationPsychiatry, 28
Rosenthal D Wender PH (1968)
The Transmission of Schizophrenia
Gunderson JG (1977)
Borderline Personality Disorders: The Concepts, the Syndrome, the Patient
C. Wild, L. Shapiro, L. Goldenberg (1975)
Transactional Communication Disturbances in Families of Male SchizophrenicsFamily Process, 14
American Psychiatric Association (1968)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Abstract • In an attempt to assess the contributory role of family factors to the development of schizophrenia-like disorders, measures of parental communication deviance and affective styles of communication were obtained for a sample of families of disturbed but nonpsychotic adolescents. Outcome was assessed five years later. Absence of a pathologic affective style was associated with a benign outcome, but neither parental variable alone allowed precise identification of the schizophrenia-spectrum cases. However, an index using a combination of both variables was statistically predictive of subsequent psychiatric status at follow-up. Thus, adolescents whose parents had both a pathologic affective style of communication and a high level of communication deviance had schizophrenia-like disorders develop in young adulthood. Adolescents of parents who had both lower levels of communication deviance and a benign affective style had offspring with healthier outcomes. References 1. Doane JA: Family interaction and communication deviance in disturbed and normal families: A review of research . Fam Process 1978;17:357-376.Crossref 2. Goldstein MJ, Rodnick EH: The family's contribution to the etiology of schizophrenia: Current status . Schizophr Bull 1975;1:48-63.Crossref 3. Jacob T: Family interaction in disturbed and normal families: A methodological and substantive review . Psychol Bull 1975;82:33-65.Crossref 4. Singer M: Family transactions and schizophrenia: I. Recent research findings, in Romano J (ed): The Origins of Schizophrenia: Proceedings of the First Rochester International Conference of Schizophrenia. Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 1967, pp 147-164. 5. Jones JE: Patterns of transactional style deviance in the TATs of parents of schizophrenics . Fam Process 1977;16:327-337.Crossref 6. Wild C, Singer M, Rosman B, et al: Measuring disordered styles of thinking: Using the Objective Scoring Test on parents of schizophrenic patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;13:471-476.Crossref 7. Morris G, Wynne L: Schizophrenic offspring and parental styles of communication . Psychiatry 1965;28:19-44. 8. Wynne L, Singer M, Bartko J, et al: Schizophrenics and their families: Recent research on parental communication , in Tanner JM (ed): Psychiatric Research: The Widening Perspective . New York, International Universities Press Inc, 1976, pp 254-286. 9. Wynne L, Singer M, Toohey M: Communication of the adoptive parents of schizophrenics , in Jorstad J, Ugelstad E (ed): Schizophrenia 75: Psychotherapy, Family Studies, Research . Oslo, Universitetsforlaget, 1976, pp 413-452. 10. Wild C, Shapiro L, Goldenberg L: Transactional communication disturbances in families of male schizophrenics . Fam Process 1975;14:131-160.Crossref 11. Hirsch SR, Leff JP: Abnormalities in Parents of Schizophrenics , monograph 22, Maudsley Monograph Series. New York, Oxford University Press Inc, 1975. 12. Vaughn CE, Leff JP: The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness . Br J Psychiatry 1976;129:125-137.Crossref 13. Brown GW, Birley JLT, Wing JF: Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: A replication . Br J Psychiatry 1972; 121:241-258.Crossref 14. Goldstein MJ, Judd LL, Rodnick EH, et al: A method for studying social influence and coping patterns within familes of disturbed adolescents . J Nerv Ment Dis 1968;147:233-251.Crossref 15. Edwards AM: A Socioeconomic Grouping of the Gainful Workers of the United States. US Government Printing Office, 1938. 16. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 2. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1968. 17. Strodbeck FL: The family as a three-person group . Am Sociol Rev 1954;19:23-29.Crossref 18. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders , ed 2. New York, Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1975. 19. Gunderson JG: Characteristics of borderlines , in Hartocollis P (ed): Borderline Personality Disorders: The Concepts, the Syndrome, the Patient . New York, International Universities Press Inc, 1977, pp 173-192. 20. Wender PH, Rosenthal D, Kety SS: A psychiatric assessment of the adoptive parents of schizophrenics , in Rosenthal D, Kety SS (eds): The Transmission of Schizophrenia . New York, Pergamon Press, 1968, pp 235-250. 21. Liebowitz MR: Is borderline a distinct entity? Schizophr Bull 1979;1:23-38.Crossref 22. Jones FH: A four-year follow-up of vulnerable adolescents . J Nerv Ment Dis 1974;159:20-39.Crossref
Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Jun 1, 1981
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