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The Efficacy of Antidepressant Drugs: A Review of Research (1958 to 1972)

The Efficacy of Antidepressant Drugs: A Review of Research (1958 to 1972) Abstract An extensive review of published research on the efficacy of antidepressant medications is presented. To overcome the inconsistencies of previous reviews, we include 146 double-blind studies on medications actively promoted in the United States as antidepressants during 1972. In addition, we included double-blind studies of lithium carbonate, as well as five other drugs not actively promoted as antidepressants in the United States at that time. Results showed tricyclic antidepressants to be significantly more effective than a placebo in 61 of 93 group comparisons. No study reported a placebo as more effective than a tricyclic. The two monamine oxidase inhibitors that were actively marketed as antidepressants in the United States were significantly more effective than a placebo in 8 of 13 comparisons. Lithium carbonate was not conclusively shown to be an effective antidepressant on the basis of eight double-blind reports. References 1. Cole JO: The therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs: A review . JAMA 190:448-455, 1964.Crossref 2. Beck AT: Depression: Causes and Treatment . Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972. 3. Klein DF, Davis JM: Diagnosis and Drug Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1969. 4. Beck AT: Diagnosis and Management of Depression . Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1973. 5. Abraham HC, Kanter VB, Rosen I: A controlled clinical trial of imipramine (Tofranil) with outpatients . Br J Psychiatry 109:286-293, 1963.Crossref 6. Ainslie JD, Jones MB, Stiefel JR: Practical drug evaluation method: Imipramine in depressed outpatients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 12:368-373, 1965.Crossref 7. Jones MB, Ainslie JD: Value of placebo washout . Dis Nerv Syst 27:393-396, 1966. 8. 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The Efficacy of Antidepressant Drugs: A Review of Research (1958 to 1972)

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Copyright © 1974 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
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0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760110083010
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Abstract

Abstract An extensive review of published research on the efficacy of antidepressant medications is presented. To overcome the inconsistencies of previous reviews, we include 146 double-blind studies on medications actively promoted in the United States as antidepressants during 1972. In addition, we included double-blind studies of lithium carbonate, as well as five other drugs not actively promoted as antidepressants in the United States at that time. Results showed tricyclic antidepressants to be significantly more effective than a placebo in 61 of 93 group comparisons. No study reported a placebo as more effective than a tricyclic. The two monamine oxidase inhibitors that were actively marketed as antidepressants in the United States were significantly more effective than a placebo in 8 of 13 comparisons. Lithium carbonate was not conclusively shown to be an effective antidepressant on the basis of eight double-blind reports. References 1. 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Journal

Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1974

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