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Visual-Motor Disorders in Infants at Risk for Schizophrenia

Visual-Motor Disorders in Infants at Risk for Schizophrenia Abstract Visual-motor development was measured from birth to two years in ten infants born to schizophrenic mothers, in a study of evolving disorders at various levels of brain function. On independent psychological evaluation after ten years, one child was schizophrenic and seven had severe to moderate disorders. Retardation of midline, bimanual manipulation in the first year was related to later emotional impairment. Failure on the formboard in the second year was related to visual-spatial deficits on the block design subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. This corroborates earlier evidence of poor neurologic integration in infants vulnerable to schizophrenia, and suggests an early mechanism for the poor integration of vision and proprioception seen in schizophrenic adults. References 1. Bender L: Childhood schizophrenia: Clinical study of 100 schizophrenic children . Amer J Orthopsychiat 17:40-56, 1947.Crossref 2. Bender L, Freedman AM: A study of the first 3 years in the maturation of schizophrenic children . Quart J Child Behav 1:245-272, 1952. 3. Fish B: The detection of schizophrenia in infancy . J Neru Ment Dis 125:1-24, 1957.Crossref 4. Fish B: Longitudinal observations of biological deviations in a schizophrenic infant. Amer J Psychiat 116:25-31, 1959. 5. Fish B, Shapiro T, Halpern F, et al: The prediction of schizophrenia in infancy: III. A ten-year follow-up report of neurological and psychological development . Amer J Psychiat 121:768-775, 1965. 6. Fish B, Shapiro T, Halpern F, et al: The prediction of schizophrenia in infancy: II. A ten-P, ar follow-up of predictions made at one month of age , in Hoch P, Zubin J (eds): Psychopathology of Schizophrenia . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1966, pp 335-353. 7. Fish B: Involvement of the central nervous system in infants with schizophrenia . Arch Neurol 2:115-121, 1960.Crossref 8. Fish B: Contributions of developmental research to a theory of schizophrenia , in Hellmuth J (ed): Exceptional Infant: II. Studies in Abnormalities . New York, Brunner/Mazel Inc, 1971. 9. Meehl PE: Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia . Amer Psychol 17:827-838, 1962.Crossref 10. Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender P, et al: The types and prevalence of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics , in Rosenthal D, Kety SS (eds): Transmission of Schizophrenia . New York, Pergamon Press, 1968. 11. Gesell A, Amatruda CS: Developmental Diagnosis: Normal and Abnormal Child Development, Clinical Methods and Pediatric Applications , ed 2. New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, 1947. 12. Fish B, Alpert M: Abnormal states of consciousness and muscle tone in infants born to schizophrenic mothers . Amer J Psychiat 119:439-445, 1962. 13. Fish B: The maturation of arousal and attention in the first months of life: A study of variations in ego development . J Amer Acad Child Psychiat 2:253-270, 1963.Crossref 14. Fish B, Alpert M: Patterns of neurological development in infants born to schizophrenic mothers . Recent Advances Biol Psychiat 5:37-42, 1963. 15. Schilder P: Mind: Perception and Thought in Their Constructive Aspects . New York, Columbia University Press, 1942, pp 83-152. 16. Schilder P: The Image and Appearance of the Human Body . New York, International Universities Press, 1950. 17. White BL, Held R, Castle P: Observations on the development of visually-directed reaching . Child Develop 35:349-364, 1964.Crossref 18. White BL, Held R: Plasticity of sensori-motor development in the human infant , in Hellmuth J (ed): Exceptional Infant: I. The Normal Infant . New York, Bruner/Mazel, 1967, pp 291-313. 19. Fish B: Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Developmental deviations from birth to ten years , in Sander L, Shapiro T (eds): Infant Psychiatry . New York, Quadrangle Press, to be published. 20. Siegel S: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1956, pp 256-270. 21. Held R, Bossom J: Neonatal deprivation and adult rearrangement: Complementary techiques for analyzing plastic sensory-motor coordination . J Comp Physiol Psychol 54:33-37, 1961.Crossref 22. Held R, Hein A: Adaptation of disarranged hand-eye coordinations contingent upon reafferent stimulation . Percept Motor Skills 8:87-90, 1958.Crossref 23. Held R, Hein A: Movement-produced stimulation in the development of visually-guided behavior . J Comp Physiol Psychol 56:872-876, 1963.Crossref 24. Holzman PS: Perceptual aspects of psychopathology , in Zubin J, Shagass C (eds): Neurobiological Aspects of Psychopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969. 25. Ebner E, Broekema V, Ritzler B: Adaptation to altered visual-proprioceptive input in normals and schizophrenics . Arch Gen Psychiat 24:367-371, 1971.Crossref 26. In the interest of accuracy, the above article, which appeared in the November 1972 issue, is reprinted with errors corrected. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

Visual-Motor Disorders in Infants at Risk for Schizophrenia

Archives of General Psychiatry , Volume 28 (6) – Jun 1, 1973

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References (25)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1973 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750360110017
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Visual-motor development was measured from birth to two years in ten infants born to schizophrenic mothers, in a study of evolving disorders at various levels of brain function. On independent psychological evaluation after ten years, one child was schizophrenic and seven had severe to moderate disorders. Retardation of midline, bimanual manipulation in the first year was related to later emotional impairment. Failure on the formboard in the second year was related to visual-spatial deficits on the block design subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. This corroborates earlier evidence of poor neurologic integration in infants vulnerable to schizophrenia, and suggests an early mechanism for the poor integration of vision and proprioception seen in schizophrenic adults. References 1. Bender L: Childhood schizophrenia: Clinical study of 100 schizophrenic children . Amer J Orthopsychiat 17:40-56, 1947.Crossref 2. Bender L, Freedman AM: A study of the first 3 years in the maturation of schizophrenic children . Quart J Child Behav 1:245-272, 1952. 3. Fish B: The detection of schizophrenia in infancy . J Neru Ment Dis 125:1-24, 1957.Crossref 4. Fish B: Longitudinal observations of biological deviations in a schizophrenic infant. Amer J Psychiat 116:25-31, 1959. 5. Fish B, Shapiro T, Halpern F, et al: The prediction of schizophrenia in infancy: III. A ten-year follow-up report of neurological and psychological development . Amer J Psychiat 121:768-775, 1965. 6. Fish B, Shapiro T, Halpern F, et al: The prediction of schizophrenia in infancy: II. A ten-P, ar follow-up of predictions made at one month of age , in Hoch P, Zubin J (eds): Psychopathology of Schizophrenia . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1966, pp 335-353. 7. Fish B: Involvement of the central nervous system in infants with schizophrenia . Arch Neurol 2:115-121, 1960.Crossref 8. Fish B: Contributions of developmental research to a theory of schizophrenia , in Hellmuth J (ed): Exceptional Infant: II. Studies in Abnormalities . New York, Brunner/Mazel Inc, 1971. 9. Meehl PE: Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia . Amer Psychol 17:827-838, 1962.Crossref 10. Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender P, et al: The types and prevalence of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics , in Rosenthal D, Kety SS (eds): Transmission of Schizophrenia . New York, Pergamon Press, 1968. 11. Gesell A, Amatruda CS: Developmental Diagnosis: Normal and Abnormal Child Development, Clinical Methods and Pediatric Applications , ed 2. New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, 1947. 12. Fish B, Alpert M: Abnormal states of consciousness and muscle tone in infants born to schizophrenic mothers . Amer J Psychiat 119:439-445, 1962. 13. Fish B: The maturation of arousal and attention in the first months of life: A study of variations in ego development . J Amer Acad Child Psychiat 2:253-270, 1963.Crossref 14. Fish B, Alpert M: Patterns of neurological development in infants born to schizophrenic mothers . Recent Advances Biol Psychiat 5:37-42, 1963. 15. Schilder P: Mind: Perception and Thought in Their Constructive Aspects . New York, Columbia University Press, 1942, pp 83-152. 16. Schilder P: The Image and Appearance of the Human Body . New York, International Universities Press, 1950. 17. White BL, Held R, Castle P: Observations on the development of visually-directed reaching . Child Develop 35:349-364, 1964.Crossref 18. White BL, Held R: Plasticity of sensori-motor development in the human infant , in Hellmuth J (ed): Exceptional Infant: I. The Normal Infant . New York, Bruner/Mazel, 1967, pp 291-313. 19. Fish B: Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Developmental deviations from birth to ten years , in Sander L, Shapiro T (eds): Infant Psychiatry . New York, Quadrangle Press, to be published. 20. Siegel S: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1956, pp 256-270. 21. Held R, Bossom J: Neonatal deprivation and adult rearrangement: Complementary techiques for analyzing plastic sensory-motor coordination . J Comp Physiol Psychol 54:33-37, 1961.Crossref 22. Held R, Hein A: Adaptation of disarranged hand-eye coordinations contingent upon reafferent stimulation . Percept Motor Skills 8:87-90, 1958.Crossref 23. Held R, Hein A: Movement-produced stimulation in the development of visually-guided behavior . J Comp Physiol Psychol 56:872-876, 1963.Crossref 24. Holzman PS: Perceptual aspects of psychopathology , in Zubin J, Shagass C (eds): Neurobiological Aspects of Psychopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969. 25. Ebner E, Broekema V, Ritzler B: Adaptation to altered visual-proprioceptive input in normals and schizophrenics . Arch Gen Psychiat 24:367-371, 1971.Crossref 26. In the interest of accuracy, the above article, which appeared in the November 1972 issue, is reprinted with errors corrected.

Journal

Archives of General PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Jun 1, 1973

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