Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

The Relationship Between Depression and Anxiety

The Relationship Between Depression and Anxiety Abstract Six self-rating mood scales were administered to a group of psychiatric inpatients. Two main factors emerged from this study, factors similar to the two broad dimensions of psychiatric disturbance derived by Welsh from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory. These factors did not correspond to the clinical dimensions of anxiety and depression; most of these scales related closely to each other as part of the first factor. Further, the intercorrelation between the scores obtained on the individual scales were, in the main, all high. This inability to demonstrate that these scales could separate patients into two groups (anxious and depressed) raises important questions about their use and the relationship between depression and anxiety. References 1. Grinker RR Sr, et al: The Phenomena of Depression . New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, 1961. 2. Beck AT, et al: Inventory for measuring depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 4:561-571, 1961.Crossref 3. Zung WWK: A self-rating depression scale . Arch Gen Psychiatry 12:63-70, 1965.Crossref 4. Costello CG, Comrey AL: Scales for measuring depression and anxiety . J Psychol 66:303-313, 1967.Crossref 5. Zuckerman M, Lubin B: Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List . San Diego, Calif, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, 1965. 6. DahlstromWG, Welsh GS: An MMPI Hand Book . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1962. 7. Welsh GS: Factor dimensions A and R , in Welsh GS, Dahlstrom WG (eds.): Basic Readings on the MMPI in Psychology and Medicine . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1956, pp 264-281. 8. Rosen A, cited by Dahlstrom WG, Welsh GA: An MMPI Hand Book . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1962, pp 298-299. 9. Wheeler WM, Little KB, Lehner GFJ: The internal structure of the MMPI . J Consult Psychol 15:134-141, 1951.Crossref 10. Kassebaum G, Couch AS, Slater PE: The factorial dimensions of the MMPI . J Consult Psychol 23:226-236, 1959.Crossref 11. Jackson DN, Messick S: Acquiescence and desirability as determinants in the MMPI . Educ Psychol Meas 21:771-792, 1961.Crossref 12. Sampson H, Bindra D: "Manifest" anxiety, neurotic anxiety and the rate of conditioning . J Abnorm Soc Psychol 9:256-259, 1954.Crossref 13. Freudenberg RK, Robertson JPS: Symptoms in relation to psychiatric diagnoses and treatment . Arch Neurol Psychiatry 76:14-22, 1956.Crossref 14. Becker WC: A comparison of the factor structure and other properties of the 16 PF and the Guilford-Martin personality inventories . Educ Psychol Meas 21:161-168, 1960. 15. Zung WWK, Richards CB, Short MJ: Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic . Arch Gen Psychiatry 13:508-515, 1965.Crossref 16. Zuckerman M, et al: Measurement of experimentally induced affects . J Consult Psychol 28:418-425, 1965.Crossref 17. Zuckerman M, et al: A multitrait multi-method approach to the traits (or states) of anxiety, depression and hostility . J Proj Techn Pers Assess 31:39-49, 1967. 18. Herron EW: The multiple affect adjective check list: A critical analysis . J Clin Psychol 25:46-53, 1969.Crossref 19. Costello CG: Classification and psychopathology , in Costello CG (ed.): Symptoms of Psychopathology: A Handbook . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1970, pp 1-26. 20. Wittenborn JR, Holzberg JD: The generality of psychiatric syndromes . J Consult Psychol 15:372-380, 1951.Crossref 21. Cohen J, Gurel L, Stumpf JC: Dimensions of psychiatric symptom ratings determined at thirteen timepoints from hospital admission . J Consult Psychol 30:39-44, 1966.Crossref 22. Spitzer RL, et al: Mental status schedule: Properties of factor analytically derived scales . Arch Gen Psychiatry 16:479-493, 1967.Crossref 23. Lorr M, Klett CJ, McNair DM: Syndromes of Psychosis . New York, Pergamon Press, 1963. 24. Zubin J, Fleiss J: Current biometric approaches to depression , in Fieve RR (ed.): Depression in the 1970's . Amsterdam, Excepta Medica Internation Congress Series No. 239, 1971, pp 7-19. 25. Mendels J: Depression: The distinction between syndrome and symptom . Br J Psychiatry 114:1549-1554, 1968.Crossref 26. Mendels J, Cochrane C: The nosology of depression: The endogenous-reactive concept . Am J Psychiatry 124( (suppl) ):1-11, 1968. 27. Mendels J: Concepts of Depression . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1970. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

The Relationship Between Depression and Anxiety

Loading next page...
 
/lp/american-medical-association/the-relationship-between-depression-and-anxiety-1etVGa9tyI

References (30)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1972 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750290063012
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Six self-rating mood scales were administered to a group of psychiatric inpatients. Two main factors emerged from this study, factors similar to the two broad dimensions of psychiatric disturbance derived by Welsh from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory. These factors did not correspond to the clinical dimensions of anxiety and depression; most of these scales related closely to each other as part of the first factor. Further, the intercorrelation between the scores obtained on the individual scales were, in the main, all high. This inability to demonstrate that these scales could separate patients into two groups (anxious and depressed) raises important questions about their use and the relationship between depression and anxiety. References 1. Grinker RR Sr, et al: The Phenomena of Depression . New York, Paul B Hoeber Inc, 1961. 2. Beck AT, et al: Inventory for measuring depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 4:561-571, 1961.Crossref 3. Zung WWK: A self-rating depression scale . Arch Gen Psychiatry 12:63-70, 1965.Crossref 4. Costello CG, Comrey AL: Scales for measuring depression and anxiety . J Psychol 66:303-313, 1967.Crossref 5. Zuckerman M, Lubin B: Manual for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List . San Diego, Calif, Educational and Industrial Testing Service, 1965. 6. DahlstromWG, Welsh GS: An MMPI Hand Book . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1962. 7. Welsh GS: Factor dimensions A and R , in Welsh GS, Dahlstrom WG (eds.): Basic Readings on the MMPI in Psychology and Medicine . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1956, pp 264-281. 8. Rosen A, cited by Dahlstrom WG, Welsh GA: An MMPI Hand Book . Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1962, pp 298-299. 9. Wheeler WM, Little KB, Lehner GFJ: The internal structure of the MMPI . J Consult Psychol 15:134-141, 1951.Crossref 10. Kassebaum G, Couch AS, Slater PE: The factorial dimensions of the MMPI . J Consult Psychol 23:226-236, 1959.Crossref 11. Jackson DN, Messick S: Acquiescence and desirability as determinants in the MMPI . Educ Psychol Meas 21:771-792, 1961.Crossref 12. Sampson H, Bindra D: "Manifest" anxiety, neurotic anxiety and the rate of conditioning . J Abnorm Soc Psychol 9:256-259, 1954.Crossref 13. Freudenberg RK, Robertson JPS: Symptoms in relation to psychiatric diagnoses and treatment . Arch Neurol Psychiatry 76:14-22, 1956.Crossref 14. Becker WC: A comparison of the factor structure and other properties of the 16 PF and the Guilford-Martin personality inventories . Educ Psychol Meas 21:161-168, 1960. 15. Zung WWK, Richards CB, Short MJ: Self-rating depression scale in an outpatient clinic . Arch Gen Psychiatry 13:508-515, 1965.Crossref 16. Zuckerman M, et al: Measurement of experimentally induced affects . J Consult Psychol 28:418-425, 1965.Crossref 17. Zuckerman M, et al: A multitrait multi-method approach to the traits (or states) of anxiety, depression and hostility . J Proj Techn Pers Assess 31:39-49, 1967. 18. Herron EW: The multiple affect adjective check list: A critical analysis . J Clin Psychol 25:46-53, 1969.Crossref 19. Costello CG: Classification and psychopathology , in Costello CG (ed.): Symptoms of Psychopathology: A Handbook . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1970, pp 1-26. 20. Wittenborn JR, Holzberg JD: The generality of psychiatric syndromes . J Consult Psychol 15:372-380, 1951.Crossref 21. Cohen J, Gurel L, Stumpf JC: Dimensions of psychiatric symptom ratings determined at thirteen timepoints from hospital admission . J Consult Psychol 30:39-44, 1966.Crossref 22. Spitzer RL, et al: Mental status schedule: Properties of factor analytically derived scales . Arch Gen Psychiatry 16:479-493, 1967.Crossref 23. Lorr M, Klett CJ, McNair DM: Syndromes of Psychosis . New York, Pergamon Press, 1963. 24. Zubin J, Fleiss J: Current biometric approaches to depression , in Fieve RR (ed.): Depression in the 1970's . Amsterdam, Excepta Medica Internation Congress Series No. 239, 1971, pp 7-19. 25. Mendels J: Depression: The distinction between syndrome and symptom . Br J Psychiatry 114:1549-1554, 1968.Crossref 26. Mendels J, Cochrane C: The nosology of depression: The endogenous-reactive concept . Am J Psychiatry 124( (suppl) ):1-11, 1968. 27. Mendels J: Concepts of Depression . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1970.

Journal

Archives of General PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Nov 1, 1972

There are no references for this article.