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Family Therapy: Indications and Rationale

Family Therapy: Indications and Rationale Abstract With the rapid development and increasing applications of family therapy during the past ten years, there have been a number of reports by various workers stating their reasons for undertaking the treatment of the family as a unit. There have also been some results reported, although these reports have not been as numerous as those describing the indications for family therapy. It is the purpose of this communication to present what we have found to be their indications and short-term results and to offer a rationale for family treatment based on ego-psychological and group process concepts. In reviewing the literature, four areas shall be described: indications, settings, length and frequency of interviews, and results. In 1890, a social worker, Zilpha Smith,39,41 in an address to her colleagues stated, "Most of you deal with poor persons or defective persons as individuals, removed from family References 1. Ackerman, N. W.: The Psychodynamics of Family Life , New York: Basic Books, 1958. 2. Alanen, Y. O.: Some Thoughts of Schizophrenia and Ego Development in the Light of Family Investigations , Arch Gen Psychiat 3:650-656, 1960.Crossref 3. Bateson, G.; Jackson, D. D.; Haley, J.; and Weakland, J.: Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia , Behav Sci 1:251-264, 1956.Crossref 4. Bell, J. E.: Family Group Therapy, Public Health Monograph No. 64, US Public Health Service, Washington, DC. 5. Bowen, M.: Family Psychotherapy , Amer J Orthopsychiat 31:40-60, 1960. 6. Brody, S.: Simultaneous Psychotherapy of Married Couples , Psychoanal Quart 17:182-197, 1948. 7. Carroll, E. J.; Canbor, C. G.; Leopold, J. V.; Miller, M. D.; and Reiss, W. J.: Psychotherapy of Marital Couples , Family Process 2:25-33, 1963.Crossref 8. Cutter, A. O., and Hallowitz, D.: Different Approaches to Treatment of the Child and the Parents , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:152-158, 1962.Crossref 9. Davanzo, H.: The Family Group in Dynamic Psychiatric Diagnoses , Int J Group Psychother 12:496-502, 1962. 10. Freeman, B.; Plotnick, S.; and Riback, S.: The Four Cornered Conference , Jew Social Service Quarterly 39:386-395, 1963. 11. Friedman, A. S.: Family Therapy as Conducted in the Home , Family Process 1:132-141, 1962.Crossref 12. Freud, A.: The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense , London: Hogarth Press, 1936. 13. Freud, A.: Indications for Child Analysis , Psychoanal Stud Child 1:127-150, 1945. 14. Glassman, R.; Lipton, H.; and Dustan, P.: Group Discussions With a Hospitalized Schizophrenic and His Family , Int J Group Psychother 9:205-212, 1959. 15. Gralnick, A.: Family Psychotherapy: General and Specific Considerations , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:515-525, 1962.Crossref 16. Greenberg, I. M.: A Comparison of the Cross Cultural Adaptive Process With Adolescence , Compr Psychiat 2:44-50, 1961.Crossref 17. Grotjahn, M.: Psychoanalysis of the Family Neurosis , New York: W. W. Norton, 1960. 18. Haley, J.: Whither Family Therapy , Family Process 1:69-100, 1962.Crossref 19. Hallowitz, D.; Clement, R. G.; and Cutter, A. O.: The Treatment Process With Both Parents Together , Amer J Orthopsychiat 27:587, 1957.Crossref 20. Hartmann, H.; Kris, E.; and Loewenstein, R. M.: Comments on the Formation of the Psychic Structure , Psychoanal Stud Child 2:11-38, 1946. 21. Jackson, D. D.: A Family Group Therapy for a Stalemate in Individual Treatment , Int J Group Psychother 12:164-170, 1962. 22. Jackson, D. D.: Comment , Family Process 2:182-184, 1963.Crossref 23. Jackson, D. D., and Weakland, J. H.: Conjoint Family Therapy: Some Considerations on Theory, Technique, and Results , Psychiatry 24:30-45, 1961. 24. Josselyn, I.: The Adolescent and His World , Family Service Association, 1952. 25. Kohlmeyer, W. B., and Fernandes, X.: Psychiatry in India: Family Approach in the Treatment of Mental Disorders , Amer J Psychiat 119:1033-1038, 1963. 26. Lidz, T.; Cornelison, A. R.; Fleck, S.; and Terry, D.: The Intrafamilial Environment of the Schizophrenic Patient: The Father , Psychiatry 20:329-342, 1957. 27. MacGregor, R.: Multiple Impact Psychotherapy With Families , Family Process 1:15-29, 1962.Crossref 28. Menzies, M. A.; Bedlak, S.; and McRae, O.: An Intensive Approach to Brief Family Diagnosis in a Child Guidance Clinic , Canad Psychiat Ass J 6:295-298, 1961. 29. Midelfort, C. F.: Use of Members of the Family in Treatment of Schizophrenia , Family Process 1:114-118, 1962.Crossref 30. Mittelman, B.: The Concurrent Analysis of Married Couples , Psychoanal Quart 17:182-197, 1948. 31. Osberg, S.: Initial Impressions of the Use of Short-Term Family Group Conferences , Family Process 1:236-244, 1962.Crossref 32. Osterweil, S.: Discussion of a Symposium on the Family Treatment of Schizophrenia , Family Process 1:141-145, 1962.Crossref 33. Peck, H. B.: The Role of the Psychiatric Day Hospital in a Community Mental Health Program: A Group Process Approach , Amer J Orthopsychiat 33:482-493, 1963.Crossref 34. Peck, H. B.: Some Relationships Between Group Process and Mental Health Phenomena in Theory and Practice , Inter J Group Psychother 13: ( (July) ) 1963. 35. Pollack, M.: Cerebral Dysfunction and Severe Behavior Disorder, abstract , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:281, 1962. 36. Reidy, J. J.: Family Treatment Approaches: An Approach to Family Centered Treatment in a State Institution , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:133-142, 1962.Crossref 37. Scherz, F.: Family Interactions: Some Problems and Implications for Case Work , Smith College Studies in Social Work 31:87-101, 1961.Crossref 38. Shellow, R. S.; Brown, B. S.; and Osberg, J. W.: Family Group Therapy in Retrospect: Four Years and Sixty Families , Family Process 2:53-67, 1963.Crossref 39. Smith, Z. E.: Discussion on Charity Organizations, Proceedings of the National Conference on Charities and Correction, 1890, p 377. 40. Spiegel, J. P.: The Resolution of Role Conflict Within the Family , Psychiatry 20:1-16, 1957. 41. Spiegel, J. P., and Bell, J. E.: " The Family of the Psychiatric Patient ," in American Handbook of Psychiatry , edited by Arieti, New York: Basic Books, 1959. 42. Wynne, L. C.: "The Study of Intrafamilial Alignments and Splits in Exploratory Family Therapy," in Exploring the Base for Family Therapy papers from the Robert M. Gomberg Memorial Conference, Family Service Association of America, May, 1961. 43. Wynne, L. C.; Ryckoff, I. M.; Day, J.; and Hirsch, S. I.: Psuedo-Mutuality in the Family Relations of Schizophrenics , Psychiatry 22:205-220, 1958. 44. Zwerling, I.: " Day Hospital Care for Psychiatric Patients ," in Current Psychiatric Therapies , edited by Masserman, New York: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1963, vol 2. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

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References (48)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1964 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720190009002
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract With the rapid development and increasing applications of family therapy during the past ten years, there have been a number of reports by various workers stating their reasons for undertaking the treatment of the family as a unit. There have also been some results reported, although these reports have not been as numerous as those describing the indications for family therapy. It is the purpose of this communication to present what we have found to be their indications and short-term results and to offer a rationale for family treatment based on ego-psychological and group process concepts. In reviewing the literature, four areas shall be described: indications, settings, length and frequency of interviews, and results. In 1890, a social worker, Zilpha Smith,39,41 in an address to her colleagues stated, "Most of you deal with poor persons or defective persons as individuals, removed from family References 1. Ackerman, N. W.: The Psychodynamics of Family Life , New York: Basic Books, 1958. 2. Alanen, Y. O.: Some Thoughts of Schizophrenia and Ego Development in the Light of Family Investigations , Arch Gen Psychiat 3:650-656, 1960.Crossref 3. Bateson, G.; Jackson, D. D.; Haley, J.; and Weakland, J.: Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia , Behav Sci 1:251-264, 1956.Crossref 4. Bell, J. E.: Family Group Therapy, Public Health Monograph No. 64, US Public Health Service, Washington, DC. 5. Bowen, M.: Family Psychotherapy , Amer J Orthopsychiat 31:40-60, 1960. 6. Brody, S.: Simultaneous Psychotherapy of Married Couples , Psychoanal Quart 17:182-197, 1948. 7. Carroll, E. J.; Canbor, C. G.; Leopold, J. V.; Miller, M. D.; and Reiss, W. J.: Psychotherapy of Marital Couples , Family Process 2:25-33, 1963.Crossref 8. Cutter, A. O., and Hallowitz, D.: Different Approaches to Treatment of the Child and the Parents , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:152-158, 1962.Crossref 9. Davanzo, H.: The Family Group in Dynamic Psychiatric Diagnoses , Int J Group Psychother 12:496-502, 1962. 10. Freeman, B.; Plotnick, S.; and Riback, S.: The Four Cornered Conference , Jew Social Service Quarterly 39:386-395, 1963. 11. Friedman, A. S.: Family Therapy as Conducted in the Home , Family Process 1:132-141, 1962.Crossref 12. Freud, A.: The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense , London: Hogarth Press, 1936. 13. Freud, A.: Indications for Child Analysis , Psychoanal Stud Child 1:127-150, 1945. 14. Glassman, R.; Lipton, H.; and Dustan, P.: Group Discussions With a Hospitalized Schizophrenic and His Family , Int J Group Psychother 9:205-212, 1959. 15. Gralnick, A.: Family Psychotherapy: General and Specific Considerations , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:515-525, 1962.Crossref 16. Greenberg, I. M.: A Comparison of the Cross Cultural Adaptive Process With Adolescence , Compr Psychiat 2:44-50, 1961.Crossref 17. Grotjahn, M.: Psychoanalysis of the Family Neurosis , New York: W. W. Norton, 1960. 18. Haley, J.: Whither Family Therapy , Family Process 1:69-100, 1962.Crossref 19. Hallowitz, D.; Clement, R. G.; and Cutter, A. O.: The Treatment Process With Both Parents Together , Amer J Orthopsychiat 27:587, 1957.Crossref 20. Hartmann, H.; Kris, E.; and Loewenstein, R. M.: Comments on the Formation of the Psychic Structure , Psychoanal Stud Child 2:11-38, 1946. 21. Jackson, D. D.: A Family Group Therapy for a Stalemate in Individual Treatment , Int J Group Psychother 12:164-170, 1962. 22. Jackson, D. D.: Comment , Family Process 2:182-184, 1963.Crossref 23. Jackson, D. D., and Weakland, J. H.: Conjoint Family Therapy: Some Considerations on Theory, Technique, and Results , Psychiatry 24:30-45, 1961. 24. Josselyn, I.: The Adolescent and His World , Family Service Association, 1952. 25. Kohlmeyer, W. B., and Fernandes, X.: Psychiatry in India: Family Approach in the Treatment of Mental Disorders , Amer J Psychiat 119:1033-1038, 1963. 26. Lidz, T.; Cornelison, A. R.; Fleck, S.; and Terry, D.: The Intrafamilial Environment of the Schizophrenic Patient: The Father , Psychiatry 20:329-342, 1957. 27. MacGregor, R.: Multiple Impact Psychotherapy With Families , Family Process 1:15-29, 1962.Crossref 28. Menzies, M. A.; Bedlak, S.; and McRae, O.: An Intensive Approach to Brief Family Diagnosis in a Child Guidance Clinic , Canad Psychiat Ass J 6:295-298, 1961. 29. Midelfort, C. F.: Use of Members of the Family in Treatment of Schizophrenia , Family Process 1:114-118, 1962.Crossref 30. Mittelman, B.: The Concurrent Analysis of Married Couples , Psychoanal Quart 17:182-197, 1948. 31. Osberg, S.: Initial Impressions of the Use of Short-Term Family Group Conferences , Family Process 1:236-244, 1962.Crossref 32. Osterweil, S.: Discussion of a Symposium on the Family Treatment of Schizophrenia , Family Process 1:141-145, 1962.Crossref 33. Peck, H. B.: The Role of the Psychiatric Day Hospital in a Community Mental Health Program: A Group Process Approach , Amer J Orthopsychiat 33:482-493, 1963.Crossref 34. Peck, H. B.: Some Relationships Between Group Process and Mental Health Phenomena in Theory and Practice , Inter J Group Psychother 13: ( (July) ) 1963. 35. Pollack, M.: Cerebral Dysfunction and Severe Behavior Disorder, abstract , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:281, 1962. 36. Reidy, J. J.: Family Treatment Approaches: An Approach to Family Centered Treatment in a State Institution , Amer J Orthopsychiat 32:133-142, 1962.Crossref 37. Scherz, F.: Family Interactions: Some Problems and Implications for Case Work , Smith College Studies in Social Work 31:87-101, 1961.Crossref 38. Shellow, R. S.; Brown, B. S.; and Osberg, J. W.: Family Group Therapy in Retrospect: Four Years and Sixty Families , Family Process 2:53-67, 1963.Crossref 39. Smith, Z. E.: Discussion on Charity Organizations, Proceedings of the National Conference on Charities and Correction, 1890, p 377. 40. Spiegel, J. P.: The Resolution of Role Conflict Within the Family , Psychiatry 20:1-16, 1957. 41. Spiegel, J. P., and Bell, J. E.: " The Family of the Psychiatric Patient ," in American Handbook of Psychiatry , edited by Arieti, New York: Basic Books, 1959. 42. Wynne, L. C.: "The Study of Intrafamilial Alignments and Splits in Exploratory Family Therapy," in Exploring the Base for Family Therapy papers from the Robert M. Gomberg Memorial Conference, Family Service Association of America, May, 1961. 43. Wynne, L. C.; Ryckoff, I. M.; Day, J.; and Hirsch, S. I.: Psuedo-Mutuality in the Family Relations of Schizophrenics , Psychiatry 22:205-220, 1958. 44. Zwerling, I.: " Day Hospital Care for Psychiatric Patients ," in Current Psychiatric Therapies , edited by Masserman, New York: Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1963, vol 2.

Journal

Archives of General PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Jan 1, 1964

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