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Passivity and Activity in Psychotherapy

Passivity and Activity in Psychotherapy Abstract Skills needed by the therapist were recently summarized by Fleming and Hamburg1 as follows: (1) recognition and understanding of verbal and nonverbal cues; (2) understanding of one's own responses to patient behavior; (3) recognition of distortion in the patient's communications; (4) estimation of resistance to insight; (5) selection of therapeutic interventions apropriate to the level of insight and resistance manifested by the patient; (6) awareness and understanding of the effects of therapeutic interventions. It might be desirable to add under number 5 that interventions may vary considerably with the goals of therapy and may not be related to insight or resistance, but may be directed at accomplishing a more limited therapeutic effect. The skills as summarized are readily divided into passive and active elements in therapy. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 should be a part of every psychotherapeutic endeavor. References 1. Fleming, J., and Hamburg, D.: Analysis of Methods of Teaching Psychotherapy with Description of a New Approach , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 79:179, 1958.Crossref 2. Bibring, E.: Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychotherapy. Similarities and Differences (Panel) , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 2:745, 1954.Crossref 3. Stone, L.: Psychoanalysis and Brief Psychotherapy , Psychoanal. Quart. 20:215, 1951. 4. Alexander, F., and French, T.: Psychoanalytic Therapy , New York, Ronald Press, 1946. 5. Eissler, K.: The Effect of Structure of the Ego in Psychoanalytic Technique , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:101, 1953. 6. Freud, S.: On Psychotherapy , in Collected Papers , Vol. 1, London, Hogarth Press, Ltd., 1946, p. 259. 7. Fleiss, R.: Countertransference and Counteridentification , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:268, 1953.Crossref 8. Freud, S.: Future Prospects of Psychoanalytic Therapy , in Collected Papers , Vol. 2, London, Hogarth Press, Ltd., 1946, p. 285. 9. Alexander, F.: Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy , New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 1956. 10. Ferenczi, S.: The Theory and Technique in Psychoanalysis , New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1952. 11. Freeman, R.: Contaminants of Permissiveness in Hospital Care , Amer. J. Psychiat. 110:52, 1954. 12. Johnson, A. M., and Szurek, S. A.: The Genesis of Antisocial Acting Out in Children and Adults , Psychoanal. Quart. 21:373, 1952. 13. Litin, E.; Griffin, M., and Johnson, A.: Parental Influence in Unusual Sexual Behavior in Children , Psychoanal. Quart. 25:37, 1956. 14. Kris, E.: Ego Psychology and Interpretation , Psychoanal. Quart. 15:29, 1951. 15. French, T.: The Art and Science of Psychoanalysis , J. Psychoanal. A. 6:196, 1958. 16. Freud, S.: On Psychotherapy , in Collected Papers , Vol. 1, London, Hogarth Press, Ltd., 1946, p. 249. 17. Fisher, C.: Studies on the Nature of Suggestion: Part 1 , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:222, 1953.Crossref 18. Ferenczi, S.: Further Contributions to the Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis , edited by J. Rickman, Vol. 2, New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1952, p. 198. 19. Rangell, L.: Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychotherapy, Similarities and Differences (Panel) , Amer. J. Psychoanal. A. 2:734, 1954.Crossref 20. Gitelson, M.: Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 66:280, 1951.Crossref 21. Nunberg, H.: Transference and Reality , Int. J. Psychoanal. 32:1, 1951. 22. Macalpine, I., The Development of Transference , Psychoanal. Quart. 19:501, 1950. 23. Fisher, C.: Studies on the Nature of Suggestion; Part 1 , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:222, 1953.Crossref 24. Weigert, E.: Flexibility in Psychoanalytic Technique , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 2:702, 1951.Crossref 25. Gill, M.: Psychoanalysis and Exploratory Psychotherapy: Similarities and Differences (Panel) , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 2:771, 1954.Crossref 26. Freud, S.: A General Introduction in Psychoanalysis , New York, Liveright Publishing Corporation, 1953. 27. Alexander, F., and French, T.: Psychoanalytic Therapy , New York, Ronald Press, 1946. 28. French, T.: The Integration of Behavior , Vol. 1, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1952. 29. Hollingshead, A. B., and Redlich, F. C.: Social Mobility and Mental Illness , Amer. J. Psychiat. 112:179, 1955. 30. Appel, K.; Lhamon, W. T.; Meyers, M. J., and Williams, H.: Long-Term Psychotherapy in Psychiatric Treatment , A. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. Proc. (1951) 31:21-34, 1953. 31. Alexander, F., and French T.: Psychoanalytic Therapy , New York, Ronald Press, 1946. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

Passivity and Activity in Psychotherapy

Archives of General Psychiatry , Volume 5 (4) – Oct 1, 1961

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References (29)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1961 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-990X
eISSN
1598-3636
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710160091011
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Skills needed by the therapist were recently summarized by Fleming and Hamburg1 as follows: (1) recognition and understanding of verbal and nonverbal cues; (2) understanding of one's own responses to patient behavior; (3) recognition of distortion in the patient's communications; (4) estimation of resistance to insight; (5) selection of therapeutic interventions apropriate to the level of insight and resistance manifested by the patient; (6) awareness and understanding of the effects of therapeutic interventions. It might be desirable to add under number 5 that interventions may vary considerably with the goals of therapy and may not be related to insight or resistance, but may be directed at accomplishing a more limited therapeutic effect. The skills as summarized are readily divided into passive and active elements in therapy. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 should be a part of every psychotherapeutic endeavor. References 1. Fleming, J., and Hamburg, D.: Analysis of Methods of Teaching Psychotherapy with Description of a New Approach , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 79:179, 1958.Crossref 2. Bibring, E.: Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychotherapy. Similarities and Differences (Panel) , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 2:745, 1954.Crossref 3. Stone, L.: Psychoanalysis and Brief Psychotherapy , Psychoanal. Quart. 20:215, 1951. 4. Alexander, F., and French, T.: Psychoanalytic Therapy , New York, Ronald Press, 1946. 5. Eissler, K.: The Effect of Structure of the Ego in Psychoanalytic Technique , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:101, 1953. 6. Freud, S.: On Psychotherapy , in Collected Papers , Vol. 1, London, Hogarth Press, Ltd., 1946, p. 259. 7. Fleiss, R.: Countertransference and Counteridentification , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:268, 1953.Crossref 8. Freud, S.: Future Prospects of Psychoanalytic Therapy , in Collected Papers , Vol. 2, London, Hogarth Press, Ltd., 1946, p. 285. 9. Alexander, F.: Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy , New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 1956. 10. Ferenczi, S.: The Theory and Technique in Psychoanalysis , New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1952. 11. Freeman, R.: Contaminants of Permissiveness in Hospital Care , Amer. J. Psychiat. 110:52, 1954. 12. Johnson, A. M., and Szurek, S. A.: The Genesis of Antisocial Acting Out in Children and Adults , Psychoanal. Quart. 21:373, 1952. 13. Litin, E.; Griffin, M., and Johnson, A.: Parental Influence in Unusual Sexual Behavior in Children , Psychoanal. Quart. 25:37, 1956. 14. Kris, E.: Ego Psychology and Interpretation , Psychoanal. Quart. 15:29, 1951. 15. French, T.: The Art and Science of Psychoanalysis , J. Psychoanal. A. 6:196, 1958. 16. Freud, S.: On Psychotherapy , in Collected Papers , Vol. 1, London, Hogarth Press, Ltd., 1946, p. 249. 17. Fisher, C.: Studies on the Nature of Suggestion: Part 1 , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:222, 1953.Crossref 18. Ferenczi, S.: Further Contributions to the Theory and Technique of Psychoanalysis , edited by J. Rickman, Vol. 2, New York, Basic Books, Inc., 1952, p. 198. 19. Rangell, L.: Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychotherapy, Similarities and Differences (Panel) , Amer. J. Psychoanal. A. 2:734, 1954.Crossref 20. Gitelson, M.: Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 66:280, 1951.Crossref 21. Nunberg, H.: Transference and Reality , Int. J. Psychoanal. 32:1, 1951. 22. Macalpine, I., The Development of Transference , Psychoanal. Quart. 19:501, 1950. 23. Fisher, C.: Studies on the Nature of Suggestion; Part 1 , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 1:222, 1953.Crossref 24. Weigert, E.: Flexibility in Psychoanalytic Technique , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 2:702, 1951.Crossref 25. Gill, M.: Psychoanalysis and Exploratory Psychotherapy: Similarities and Differences (Panel) , J. Amer. Psychoanal. A. 2:771, 1954.Crossref 26. Freud, S.: A General Introduction in Psychoanalysis , New York, Liveright Publishing Corporation, 1953. 27. Alexander, F., and French, T.: Psychoanalytic Therapy , New York, Ronald Press, 1946. 28. French, T.: The Integration of Behavior , Vol. 1, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1952. 29. Hollingshead, A. B., and Redlich, F. C.: Social Mobility and Mental Illness , Amer. J. Psychiat. 112:179, 1955. 30. Appel, K.; Lhamon, W. T.; Meyers, M. J., and Williams, H.: Long-Term Psychotherapy in Psychiatric Treatment , A. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. Proc. (1951) 31:21-34, 1953. 31. Alexander, F., and French T.: Psychoanalytic Therapy , New York, Ronald Press, 1946.

Journal

Archives of General PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Oct 1, 1961

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