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Experimental Sleep Deprivation in Schizophrenic Patients

Experimental Sleep Deprivation in Schizophrenic Patients Abstract In this investigation the effects of 100 consecutive hours of wakefulness were studied in six chronic psychotic hospital patients. It was intended to observe, record, and measure physiological and psychological changes occurring during prolonged wakefulness and to study the possible influence of this specific stress on the course of the psychotic process. Although there are many references to experimental sleep deprivation in animals and in healthy volunteers, we could not find reports on similar experiments in psychotic subjects in the literature. Previous Observations Patrick and Gilbert1 investigated the effects of sleep deprivation in 1896. Three subjects were kept awake for 90 hours. The authors observed a tendency to visual hallucinations in one subject. Later, Robinson and Hermann,2 Laslett,3 and others reported on several investigations of sleep deprivation in humans and in animals.The sleep deprivation ranged from 60 to more References 1. Patrick and Gilbert: M. & S.J. 25:471, 1883. 2. Robinson, E. S., and Hermann, S. O.: Effects of Loss of Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 5:19-32; 93, 1922. 3. Laslett, H. R.: An Experiment on the Effects of Loss of Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 7:45-58, 1924. 4. Kleitman, N.: Sleep and Wakefulness as Alternating Phases in Cycle of Existence , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1939. 5. Laughlin, H. P.: Research in Sleep Deprivation and Exhaustion: An Invitation to Further Observation and Study , Internat. Rec. Med. 166:305-310, 1953. 6. de Menaséïne, M.: Sleep: Its Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, and Psychology , London, Walter Scott, 1897. 7. Piéron, H.: Probléme physiologique du sommeil , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1913. 8. Rakestraw, N. W., and Whittier, F. O.: The Effect of Loss of Sleep on the Composition of Blood and Urine , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 21:5-6, 1923-1924. 9. Lehmann, H., and Dorken, H.: The Clinical Application of the Verdun Projective Battery , Canada J. Psychiat. 6:164-172, 1952. 10. Csank, J. Z., and Lehmann, H. E.: Developmental Norms on 4 Psychophysiological Measures for Use in the Evaluation of Psychotic Disorders , Canad. J. Psychol. 12:127-133, 1958. 11. Lehmann, H. E., and Csank, J.: Differential Screening of Phrenotropic Agents in Man: Psychophysiologic Test Data , J. Clin. & Exper. Psychopath. 18:222-235, 1957. 12. Delcourt-Bernard and Mayer, A.: Recherches sur le métabolisme de base , Ann. physiol. 50:536, 552 13. 52:99, 1925. 14. Tyler, D. P.: The Fatigue of Prolonged Wakefulness , Fed. Proc. 6:218, 1947. 15. Brazier, M. A. B., and Finesinger, J. E.: Characteristics of Normal Encephalogram: Study of Occipital Cortical Potentials in 500 Normal Adults , J. Clin. Invest. 23:303, 1944. 16. Blake, H., and Gerald, R. W.: Brain Potentials During Sleep , Am. J. Psychol. 119:692-703, 1937. 17. Schmidtke, H.: Ermüdungs- und Pausenprobleme bei Körperlichen leichten und mittelschweren Arbeiten , Ztschr. Arbeitswissensch. 5:129-133, 1951. 18. Lehmann, H. E., and Risquez, F. A.: The Use of Fingerpaintings in the Clinical Evaluation of Psychotic Conditions: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach , J. Ment. Sc. 99:763-777, 1952. 19. Murawski, B. J.; Reddy, W. J., and Fox, H. M.: Relationship of Adrenal Cortical Function to Flicker Fusion Thresholds , J. Appl. Physiol. 11:468-474, 1957. 20. Lehmann, H. E.: Concepts, Rationale and Research, in Psychopharmacology Frontiers, Proceedings of Psychopharmacological Symposium, Second International Congress of Psychiatry, 1957, Boston, Little, Brown & Company, 1959. 21. Harris, A.: Sensory Deprivation and Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 105:235-237, 1959. 22. Bliss, E. L.; Clark, L. D., and West, C. D.: Studies of Sleep Deprivation—Relationship to Schizophrenia , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 81:348-359 ( (March) ) 1959. 23. Purpura, D. P.: Electrophysiological Analysis of Psychotogenic Drug Action , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75:132, 1956. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of General Psychiatry American Medical Association

Experimental Sleep Deprivation in Schizophrenic Patients

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References (20)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1960 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0375-8532
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1960.03590110058007
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Abstract

Abstract In this investigation the effects of 100 consecutive hours of wakefulness were studied in six chronic psychotic hospital patients. It was intended to observe, record, and measure physiological and psychological changes occurring during prolonged wakefulness and to study the possible influence of this specific stress on the course of the psychotic process. Although there are many references to experimental sleep deprivation in animals and in healthy volunteers, we could not find reports on similar experiments in psychotic subjects in the literature. Previous Observations Patrick and Gilbert1 investigated the effects of sleep deprivation in 1896. Three subjects were kept awake for 90 hours. The authors observed a tendency to visual hallucinations in one subject. Later, Robinson and Hermann,2 Laslett,3 and others reported on several investigations of sleep deprivation in humans and in animals.The sleep deprivation ranged from 60 to more References 1. Patrick and Gilbert: M. & S.J. 25:471, 1883. 2. Robinson, E. S., and Hermann, S. O.: Effects of Loss of Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 5:19-32; 93, 1922. 3. Laslett, H. R.: An Experiment on the Effects of Loss of Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 7:45-58, 1924. 4. Kleitman, N.: Sleep and Wakefulness as Alternating Phases in Cycle of Existence , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1939. 5. Laughlin, H. P.: Research in Sleep Deprivation and Exhaustion: An Invitation to Further Observation and Study , Internat. Rec. Med. 166:305-310, 1953. 6. de Menaséïne, M.: Sleep: Its Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, and Psychology , London, Walter Scott, 1897. 7. Piéron, H.: Probléme physiologique du sommeil , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1913. 8. Rakestraw, N. W., and Whittier, F. O.: The Effect of Loss of Sleep on the Composition of Blood and Urine , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 21:5-6, 1923-1924. 9. Lehmann, H., and Dorken, H.: The Clinical Application of the Verdun Projective Battery , Canada J. Psychiat. 6:164-172, 1952. 10. Csank, J. Z., and Lehmann, H. E.: Developmental Norms on 4 Psychophysiological Measures for Use in the Evaluation of Psychotic Disorders , Canad. J. Psychol. 12:127-133, 1958. 11. Lehmann, H. E., and Csank, J.: Differential Screening of Phrenotropic Agents in Man: Psychophysiologic Test Data , J. Clin. & Exper. Psychopath. 18:222-235, 1957. 12. Delcourt-Bernard and Mayer, A.: Recherches sur le métabolisme de base , Ann. physiol. 50:536, 552 13. 52:99, 1925. 14. Tyler, D. P.: The Fatigue of Prolonged Wakefulness , Fed. Proc. 6:218, 1947. 15. Brazier, M. A. B., and Finesinger, J. E.: Characteristics of Normal Encephalogram: Study of Occipital Cortical Potentials in 500 Normal Adults , J. Clin. Invest. 23:303, 1944. 16. Blake, H., and Gerald, R. W.: Brain Potentials During Sleep , Am. J. Psychol. 119:692-703, 1937. 17. Schmidtke, H.: Ermüdungs- und Pausenprobleme bei Körperlichen leichten und mittelschweren Arbeiten , Ztschr. Arbeitswissensch. 5:129-133, 1951. 18. Lehmann, H. E., and Risquez, F. A.: The Use of Fingerpaintings in the Clinical Evaluation of Psychotic Conditions: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach , J. Ment. Sc. 99:763-777, 1952. 19. Murawski, B. J.; Reddy, W. J., and Fox, H. M.: Relationship of Adrenal Cortical Function to Flicker Fusion Thresholds , J. Appl. Physiol. 11:468-474, 1957. 20. Lehmann, H. E.: Concepts, Rationale and Research, in Psychopharmacology Frontiers, Proceedings of Psychopharmacological Symposium, Second International Congress of Psychiatry, 1957, Boston, Little, Brown & Company, 1959. 21. Harris, A.: Sensory Deprivation and Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 105:235-237, 1959. 22. Bliss, E. L.; Clark, L. D., and West, C. D.: Studies of Sleep Deprivation—Relationship to Schizophrenia , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 81:348-359 ( (March) ) 1959. 23. Purpura, D. P.: Electrophysiological Analysis of Psychotogenic Drug Action , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75:132, 1956.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of General Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1960

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