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Kawasaki Syndrome in Washington State: Race-Specific Incidence Rates and Residential Proximity to Water

Kawasaki Syndrome in Washington State: Race-Specific Incidence Rates and Residential Proximity to... Abstract Objectives: To calculate race-specific incidence rates of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and to assess the association of KS with residential proximity to water in Washington State. Design: Incidence study over 4½ years, using cases identified with a new statewide hospital data set and a casecontrol study. Setting: King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in Washington State. Patients: One hundred twelve population-based incident cases meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for KS. Main Outcome Measures: Race-specific KS incidence rates and distance to permanent bodies of water among KS cases and matched controls. Results: For the years 1985 through 1986 and 1987 through 1989, the annual KS incidence rates were 6.5 and 15.2 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years, respectively. Rates were highest among Asian Americans (33.3 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years in the 1987-1989 period), followed by blacks and whites (23.4 and 12.7 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years, respectively). The median distance to water did not differ between cases and controls and the proportion of cases living within 150 yd (135 m) of water was no greater than that of controls (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 20.9). Conclusions: With complete ascertainment of incident-hospitalized cases of KS, the race-specific rates are among the highest documented in the United States. The rate among Asian Americans was less than that found in Japan, perhaps due to differences in environmental exposures or variations in susceptilbility among different Asian ethnic groups. Although we found no association with permanent bodies of water, future studies of KS should include home inspection to assess exposure to temporary collections of standing water.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:66-69) References 1. Morens DM, Anderson LJ, Hurwitz ES. National surveillance of Kawasaki disease . Pediatrics . 1980;65:21-25. 2. Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST. A seven-year (1984-1990) US nationwide hospital survey of Kawasaki disease . In: Takahashi M, Taubert KA, eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium . Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 1993. 3. Rauch AM, Kaplan SL, Nihill MR, et al. Kawasaki syndrome clusters in Harris County, Texas, and eastern North Carolina . AJDC . 1988;142:441-444. 4. Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST. Nationwide survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever . J Pediatr . 1991;119:279-282.Crossref 5. Shulman St, McAuley JB, Pachman LM, Miller ML, Ruschhaupt DG. Risk of coronary abnormalities due to Kawasaki disease in urban area with small Asian population . AJDC . 1987;141:420-425. 6. Morens DM, Melish ME. Kawasaki disease . In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Pediatric Infectious Diseases . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1992: 2123-2139. 7. Yanagawa H, Kawasaki T, Shigematsu I. Nationwide survey on Kawasaki disease in Japan . Pediatrics . 1987;80:58-62. 8. Rauch AM, Glode MP, Wiggins JW Jr, et al. Outbreak of Kawasaki syndrome in Denver, Colorado: association with rug and carpet cleaning . Pediatrics . 1991; 87:663-669. 9. Klein BS, Rogers MF, Patrican LA, et al. Kawasaki syndrome: a controlled study of an outbreak in Wisconsin . Am J Epidemiol . 1986;124:306-316. 10. Lin FY, Bailowitz A, Koslowe P, et al. Kawasaki syndrome: a case-control study during an outbreak in Maryland . AJDC . 1985;139:277-279. 11. Rogers MF, Kochel RL, Hurwitz ES, et al. Kawasaki syndrome: is exposure to rug shampoo important? AJDC . 1985;139:777-779. 12. Dean AG, Melish ME, Hicks R, et al. An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii . J Pediatr . 1982;100:552-557.Crossref 13. Centers for Disease Control. Case definitions for public health surveillance . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;39(No. (RR-13) ):17-18. 14. Dykewicz CA, Davis RL, Khan AS, Schonberger LS. Kawasaki syndrome in Washington State, 1985-1989 . In: Takahashi M, Taubert KA, eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium . Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 1993. 15. MapInfo. Version 4.0. Troy, NY: Mapping Information Systems Corporation 1989. 16. Rothman KJ, Boice JD. Matched case-control studies . In: Epidemiologic Analysis With a Programmable Calculator . Chestnut Hill, Mass: Epidemiologic Resources Inc; 1982:19-24. 17. Schlesselman JJ. Case-Control Studies . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc; 1982:210-211. 18. Burns JC, Mason WH, Glode MP, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients referred for evaluation of possible Kawasaki disease . J Pediatr . 1991;118:680-686.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine American Medical Association

Kawasaki Syndrome in Washington State: Race-Specific Incidence Rates and Residential Proximity to Water

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References (18)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
1072-4710
eISSN
1538-3628
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170130068016
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Objectives: To calculate race-specific incidence rates of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and to assess the association of KS with residential proximity to water in Washington State. Design: Incidence study over 4½ years, using cases identified with a new statewide hospital data set and a casecontrol study. Setting: King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in Washington State. Patients: One hundred twelve population-based incident cases meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for KS. Main Outcome Measures: Race-specific KS incidence rates and distance to permanent bodies of water among KS cases and matched controls. Results: For the years 1985 through 1986 and 1987 through 1989, the annual KS incidence rates were 6.5 and 15.2 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years, respectively. Rates were highest among Asian Americans (33.3 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years in the 1987-1989 period), followed by blacks and whites (23.4 and 12.7 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years, respectively). The median distance to water did not differ between cases and controls and the proportion of cases living within 150 yd (135 m) of water was no greater than that of controls (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 20.9). Conclusions: With complete ascertainment of incident-hospitalized cases of KS, the race-specific rates are among the highest documented in the United States. The rate among Asian Americans was less than that found in Japan, perhaps due to differences in environmental exposures or variations in susceptilbility among different Asian ethnic groups. Although we found no association with permanent bodies of water, future studies of KS should include home inspection to assess exposure to temporary collections of standing water.(Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995;149:66-69) References 1. Morens DM, Anderson LJ, Hurwitz ES. National surveillance of Kawasaki disease . Pediatrics . 1980;65:21-25. 2. Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST. A seven-year (1984-1990) US nationwide hospital survey of Kawasaki disease . In: Takahashi M, Taubert KA, eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium . Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 1993. 3. Rauch AM, Kaplan SL, Nihill MR, et al. Kawasaki syndrome clusters in Harris County, Texas, and eastern North Carolina . AJDC . 1988;142:441-444. 4. Taubert KA, Rowley AH, Shulman ST. Nationwide survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever . J Pediatr . 1991;119:279-282.Crossref 5. Shulman St, McAuley JB, Pachman LM, Miller ML, Ruschhaupt DG. Risk of coronary abnormalities due to Kawasaki disease in urban area with small Asian population . AJDC . 1987;141:420-425. 6. Morens DM, Melish ME. Kawasaki disease . In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Pediatric Infectious Diseases . 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1992: 2123-2139. 7. Yanagawa H, Kawasaki T, Shigematsu I. Nationwide survey on Kawasaki disease in Japan . Pediatrics . 1987;80:58-62. 8. Rauch AM, Glode MP, Wiggins JW Jr, et al. Outbreak of Kawasaki syndrome in Denver, Colorado: association with rug and carpet cleaning . Pediatrics . 1991; 87:663-669. 9. Klein BS, Rogers MF, Patrican LA, et al. Kawasaki syndrome: a controlled study of an outbreak in Wisconsin . Am J Epidemiol . 1986;124:306-316. 10. Lin FY, Bailowitz A, Koslowe P, et al. Kawasaki syndrome: a case-control study during an outbreak in Maryland . AJDC . 1985;139:277-279. 11. Rogers MF, Kochel RL, Hurwitz ES, et al. Kawasaki syndrome: is exposure to rug shampoo important? AJDC . 1985;139:777-779. 12. Dean AG, Melish ME, Hicks R, et al. An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii . J Pediatr . 1982;100:552-557.Crossref 13. Centers for Disease Control. Case definitions for public health surveillance . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 1990;39(No. (RR-13) ):17-18. 14. Dykewicz CA, Davis RL, Khan AS, Schonberger LS. Kawasaki syndrome in Washington State, 1985-1989 . In: Takahashi M, Taubert KA, eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium . Dallas, Tex: American Heart Association; 1993. 15. MapInfo. Version 4.0. Troy, NY: Mapping Information Systems Corporation 1989. 16. Rothman KJ, Boice JD. Matched case-control studies . In: Epidemiologic Analysis With a Programmable Calculator . Chestnut Hill, Mass: Epidemiologic Resources Inc; 1982:19-24. 17. Schlesselman JJ. Case-Control Studies . Oxford, England: Oxford University Press Inc; 1982:210-211. 18. Burns JC, Mason WH, Glode MP, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients referred for evaluation of possible Kawasaki disease . J Pediatr . 1991;118:680-686.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: Jan 1, 1995

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