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Incidence, Severity, and External Causes of Pediatric Brain Injury

Incidence, Severity, and External Causes of Pediatric Brain Injury Abstract • The number of fatal brain injuries and hospital admissions for brain injuries in children up to 15 years old in San Diego County, California, were ascertained from emergency room and hospital records, coroners' reports, death certificates, and nursing home and extended-care records for 1981. The annual brain-injury rate per 100 000 children was 185 (235 for boys and 132 for girls). The major causes of pediatric brain injury were falls (35%), recreational activities (29%), and motor vehicle crashes (24%). The case-fatality ratio was six deaths per 100 injured children. Of those children admitted to a hospital alive, 88% had a mild brain injury and 44% had no evidence of loss of consciousness. Two thirds of children with mild brain injuries and one third of those with serious brain injuries were transported to a hospital in private nonemergency vehicles. (AJDC 1986;140:687-693) References 1. Baker S, O'Neill B, Karpf R: The Injury Fact Book . Lexington, Mass, Lexington Books, 1984. 2. National Center for Health Statistics: Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1980 . Monthly Vital Stat Rep 1983;32( (suppl 3) ):1-40. 3. Annegers F: The epidemiology of head trauma in children , in Shapiro I (ed): Pediatric Head Trauma . Mount Kisco, NY, Futura Publishing Co, 1983, pp 1-10. 4. Mayer T, Walker M, Johnson D, et al: Causes of morbidity and mortality in severe pediatric trauma . JAMA 1981;245:719-721.Crossref 5. Years of potential life lost, deaths, and death rates, by cause of death and estimated number of physician contacts, by principal diagnosis—United States . MMWR 1982;31:589-604. 6. Raimondi A, Hirschauer J: Head injury in the infant and toddler . Childs Brain 1984;11: 12-35. 7. Rivara F: Childhood injuries: III. Epidemiology of non—motor vehicle head trauma . Dev Med Child Neurol 1984;26:81-87.Crossref 8. Ivan L, Choo S, Ventureyra E: Head injuries in children: A two-year survey . Can Med Assoc J 1983;128:281-284. 9. Cooper K, Tabaddor K, Hause W, et al: The epidemiology of head injury in the Bronx . Neuroepidemiology 1983;2:70-88.Crossref 10. Jagger J, Levine J, Jane J, et al: Epidemiologic features of head injury in a predominantly rural population . J Trauma 1984;24:40-44.Crossref 11. Kraus J, Black M, Hessol N, et al: The incidence of acute brain injury and serious impairment in a defined population . Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:186-201. 12. Jennett B, Teasdale G: Management of Head Injuries . Philadelphia, FA Davis Co Publishers, 1981. 13. The Abbreviated Injury Scale, 1980 Revision . Morton Grove, Ill, American Association for Automotive Medicine, 1980. 14. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification . Ann Arbor, Mich, Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, vol 1: Diseases, Tabular List. 15. Reece R, Grodin M: Recognition of nonaccidental injury . Pediatr Clin North Am 1985;32: 41-60. 16. Rimel R, Geordani B, Barth J, et al: Disability caused by minor head injury . J Neurosurg 1981;9:221-228.Crossref 17. Rutherford W, Merrett J, McDonald J: Sequelae of concussion caused by minor head injury . Lancet 1977;1:1-4.Crossref 18. Plaut M, Gifford R: Trivial head trauma and its consequences in a perspective of regional health care . Milit Med 1976;141:244-247. 19. Cook J: The post-concussional syndrome and factors influencing recovery after minor head injury admitted to hospital . Scand JRehabil Med 1972;4:27-30. 20. Jennett B: Head injuries in children . Dev Med Child Neurol 1972;14:137-147.Crossref 21. Burkenshaw J: Head injuries in children . Arch Dis Child 1960;35:205-214.Crossref 22. Craft A, Shaw D, Cartlidge N: Head injuries in children . Br Med J 1972;4:200-203.Crossref 23. Hendrick E, Harwood-Hash D, Hudson A: Head injuries in children: A survey of 4465 consecutive cases at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada . Clin Neurosurg 1963;11:46-65. 24. US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Clearinghouse, Directorate for Epidemiology: NEISS Data Highlights 1982 . Washington, DC, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1982, vol 6. 25. US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Clearinghouse, Directorate for Epidemiology: Product Summary Report and NEISS Estimate of National Injury Incidents . Washington, DC, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1981. 26. Rivara F, Bergman A, LoSerfo J, et al: Epidemiology of childhood injuries: II. Sex differences in injury rates . AJDC 1982;136:502-506. 27. Lokkeberg A, Grimes R: Assessing the influence of non-treatment variables on outcome from severe head injuries . J Neurosurg 1984;61: 254-262.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Incidence, Severity, and External Causes of Pediatric Brain Injury

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References (33)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140210085032
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract • The number of fatal brain injuries and hospital admissions for brain injuries in children up to 15 years old in San Diego County, California, were ascertained from emergency room and hospital records, coroners' reports, death certificates, and nursing home and extended-care records for 1981. The annual brain-injury rate per 100 000 children was 185 (235 for boys and 132 for girls). The major causes of pediatric brain injury were falls (35%), recreational activities (29%), and motor vehicle crashes (24%). The case-fatality ratio was six deaths per 100 injured children. Of those children admitted to a hospital alive, 88% had a mild brain injury and 44% had no evidence of loss of consciousness. Two thirds of children with mild brain injuries and one third of those with serious brain injuries were transported to a hospital in private nonemergency vehicles. (AJDC 1986;140:687-693) References 1. Baker S, O'Neill B, Karpf R: The Injury Fact Book . Lexington, Mass, Lexington Books, 1984. 2. National Center for Health Statistics: Advance report of final mortality statistics, 1980 . Monthly Vital Stat Rep 1983;32( (suppl 3) ):1-40. 3. Annegers F: The epidemiology of head trauma in children , in Shapiro I (ed): Pediatric Head Trauma . Mount Kisco, NY, Futura Publishing Co, 1983, pp 1-10. 4. Mayer T, Walker M, Johnson D, et al: Causes of morbidity and mortality in severe pediatric trauma . JAMA 1981;245:719-721.Crossref 5. Years of potential life lost, deaths, and death rates, by cause of death and estimated number of physician contacts, by principal diagnosis—United States . MMWR 1982;31:589-604. 6. Raimondi A, Hirschauer J: Head injury in the infant and toddler . Childs Brain 1984;11: 12-35. 7. Rivara F: Childhood injuries: III. Epidemiology of non—motor vehicle head trauma . Dev Med Child Neurol 1984;26:81-87.Crossref 8. Ivan L, Choo S, Ventureyra E: Head injuries in children: A two-year survey . Can Med Assoc J 1983;128:281-284. 9. Cooper K, Tabaddor K, Hause W, et al: The epidemiology of head injury in the Bronx . Neuroepidemiology 1983;2:70-88.Crossref 10. Jagger J, Levine J, Jane J, et al: Epidemiologic features of head injury in a predominantly rural population . J Trauma 1984;24:40-44.Crossref 11. Kraus J, Black M, Hessol N, et al: The incidence of acute brain injury and serious impairment in a defined population . Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:186-201. 12. Jennett B, Teasdale G: Management of Head Injuries . Philadelphia, FA Davis Co Publishers, 1981. 13. The Abbreviated Injury Scale, 1980 Revision . Morton Grove, Ill, American Association for Automotive Medicine, 1980. 14. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification . Ann Arbor, Mich, Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, vol 1: Diseases, Tabular List. 15. Reece R, Grodin M: Recognition of nonaccidental injury . Pediatr Clin North Am 1985;32: 41-60. 16. Rimel R, Geordani B, Barth J, et al: Disability caused by minor head injury . J Neurosurg 1981;9:221-228.Crossref 17. Rutherford W, Merrett J, McDonald J: Sequelae of concussion caused by minor head injury . Lancet 1977;1:1-4.Crossref 18. Plaut M, Gifford R: Trivial head trauma and its consequences in a perspective of regional health care . Milit Med 1976;141:244-247. 19. Cook J: The post-concussional syndrome and factors influencing recovery after minor head injury admitted to hospital . Scand JRehabil Med 1972;4:27-30. 20. Jennett B: Head injuries in children . Dev Med Child Neurol 1972;14:137-147.Crossref 21. Burkenshaw J: Head injuries in children . Arch Dis Child 1960;35:205-214.Crossref 22. Craft A, Shaw D, Cartlidge N: Head injuries in children . Br Med J 1972;4:200-203.Crossref 23. Hendrick E, Harwood-Hash D, Hudson A: Head injuries in children: A survey of 4465 consecutive cases at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada . Clin Neurosurg 1963;11:46-65. 24. US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Clearinghouse, Directorate for Epidemiology: NEISS Data Highlights 1982 . Washington, DC, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1982, vol 6. 25. US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Clearinghouse, Directorate for Epidemiology: Product Summary Report and NEISS Estimate of National Injury Incidents . Washington, DC, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1981. 26. Rivara F, Bergman A, LoSerfo J, et al: Epidemiology of childhood injuries: II. Sex differences in injury rates . AJDC 1982;136:502-506. 27. Lokkeberg A, Grimes R: Assessing the influence of non-treatment variables on outcome from severe head injuries . J Neurosurg 1984;61: 254-262.Crossref

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1986

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