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Clemens J Smith D (1983)
The problem of multiple comparisons in contemporary randomized clinical trialsClin Res, 31
R. Behrman, R. Kliegman, H. Jenson (1965)
Nelson Textbook of PediatricsArchives of Disease in Childhood, 40
Alfred Sommer, J. Katz, I. Tarwotjo (1984)
Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 40 5
M. Khan (1980)
Infant feeding practices in rural Meheran, Comilla, Bangladesh.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 33 11
F. Trowbridge (1979)
Clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with anthropometric nutritional categories.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 32 4
Kenneth Brown, Robert Black, Stan Becker, Shamsun Nahar, John Sawyer (1982)
Consumption of foods and nutrients by weanlings in rural Bangladesh.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 36 5
Haque ME Khan MU (1984)
Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhea in MatlabBr J Nutr, 52
Measham C Cohen N (1983)
Xerophthalmia in urban Bangladesh: Implications for vitamin A deficiency preventive strategiesActa Pediatr Scand, 72
K. Rao, D. Singh (1970)
An evaluation of the relationship between nutritional status and anthropometric measurements.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 23 1
Nutritional Blindness Prevention Project (1980)
Final Report of Directorate of Nutrition
M. Khan, E. Haque, M. Khan (1984)
Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhoea in Matlab, BangladeshBritish Journal of Nutrition, 52
Clemens J Stanton B (1985)
The urban volunteer program: A community based primary health care and research initiativeTrop Geogr Med, 37
A. Sommer, G. Hussaini, I. Tarwotjo, D. Susanto (1983)
INCREASED MORTALITY IN CHILDREN WITH MILD VITAMIN A DEFICIENCYThe Lancet, 322
McLaren DS Oomen HAPC (1964)
Epidemiology and public health aspects of hypo vitaminosis A: A global survey on xerophthalmiaTrop Geogr Med, 16
Kupper LL Kleinbaum DG (1983)
Epidemiologic Research 1982
E. Brink, W. Perera, S. Broske, R. Cash, J. Smith, H. Sauberlich, M. Bashor (1979)
Vitamin A status of children in Sri Lanka.The American journal of clinical nutrition, 32 1
N. Cohen, C. Measham, S. Khanum, M. Khatun, N. Ahmed (1983)
XEROPHTHALMIA IN URBAN BANGLADESHActa Pædiatrica, 72
O. Roels (1970)
Vitamin A physiology.JAMA, 214 6
Chowdhury AKMA Chen LC (1980)
Epidemiology of causes of death among children in a rural area of BangladeshInt J Epidemiol, 9
J. Schlesselman (1982)
Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis
Northrup RS (1982)
Vitamin A Capsule Distribution in Bangladesh
Khan ML (1980)
Infant feeding practices in rural Meheran, ComillaAm J Clin Nutr, 33
Abstract • Mild vitamin A deficiency may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. A community-based case-control study was performed to determine risk factors for mild ophthalmologic manifestations of vitamin A deficiency in urban Bangladeshi children. Cases were identified in children less than 14 years of age with night blindness with or without other signs of mild xerophthalmia detected in a house-to-house survey. Controls were randomly selected neighbors who lacked subjective and objective ophthalmologic evidence of vitamin A deficiency. Demographic characteristics that were independently associated with vitamin A deficiency in a logistic model included male gender, greater age (mean, 6.1 years in children with cases and 2.8 years in controls), and a greater number of children living with the family. After controlling for these demographic characteristics, poor intake of locally available vitamin A–rich foods, cessation of breast-feeding, and a recent history of protracted diarrhea remained associated with vitamin A deficiency. Maternal ignorance of prevention and control of vitamin A deficiency was also associated with increased risk. The results support programs that educate mothers to breast-feed and to provide appropriate food supplements and suggest that clinicians caring for children with chronic diarrhea should initiate vitamin A supplementation. (AJDC 1986;140:584-588) References 1. Northrup RS: Vitamin A Capsule Distribution in Bangladesh . Dhaka, Bangladesh, Helen Keller International, 1982. 2. Roels O: Vitamin A physiology . JAMA 1970;214:1097-1102.Crossref 3. Nutritional Blindness Prevention Project: Final Report of Directorate of Nutrition . Jakarta, Indonesia, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia and Helen Keller Institute, 1980. 4. Khan MU, Haque ME, Khan MR: Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhea in Matlab , Bangladesh. Br J Nutr 1984;52:1-9.Crossref 5. Sommer A, Katz J, Tarwotza I: Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency . Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:1090-1095. 6. Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Hussain G, et al: Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin A deficiency . Lancet 1983;2:585-588.Crossref 7. Stanton B, Clemens J, Khair T, et al: The urban volunteer program: A community based primary health care and research initiative . Trop Geogr Med 1985;37:183-189. 8. Joint report of WHO, UNICEF, USAID, HKI, IVACG Meeting: Control of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia. WHO Tech Rep Ser No. (672) , 1982. 9. Expert Committee on Medical Assessment of Nutrition Status. WHO Tech Rep Ser 1963;258:49-61. 10. Roa KV, Singh D: An evaluation of the relationship between nutritional status and anthropometric measurements . Am J Clin Nutr 1970;23:83-93. 11. Trowbridge FL: Clinical and biochemical characteristics associated with anthropometric nutritional categories . Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32: 758-763. 12. Schlesselman JJ, Stolley PD: Case-control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis . Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 1982, pp 227-290. 13. Behrman RE, Vaughan VC (eds): Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, pp 1855-1857. 14. Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H: Epidemiologic Research 1982 . Belmont, Calif, Lifetime Learning Publishers, 1983. 15. Brown KH, Black RE, Becker S, et al: Consumption of foods and nutrients by weanlings in rural Bangladesh . Am J Clin Nutr 1982;36: 878-889. 16. Chen LC, Chowdhury AKMA, Huffman SL: Epidemiology of causes of death among children in a rural area of Bangladesh . Int J Epidemiol 1980;9:25-33.Crossref 17. Khan ML: Infant feeding practices in rural Meheran, Comilla , Bangladesh. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:2356-2364. 18. Smith D, Clemens J, Crede W, et al: The problem of multiple comparisons in contemporary randomized clinical trials . Clin Res 1983;31: 238A. 19. Solon MA: The role of education in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Read before the World Health Organization Meeting on Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Oct 13-17, 1980. 20. Oomen HAPC, McLaren DS, Escapini H: Epidemiology and public health aspects of hypo vitaminosis A: A global survey on xerophthalmia , Trop Geogr Med 1964;16:271-315. 21. Brink EW, Perera DA, Broske SP, et al: Vitamin A status of children in Sri Lanka . Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:84-91. 22. Kusin JA, Kardjati S, Soewono W, et al: Vitamin A deficiency in East Java, Indonesia. Read before the World Health Organization Meeting on Vitamin A Deficiency and Xerophthalmia, Jakarta, Indonesia, Oct 13-17, 1980. 23. Cohen N, Measham C, Khanum S, et al: Xerophthalmia in urban Bangladesh: Implications for vitamin A deficiency preventive strategies . Acta Pediatr Scand 1983;72:531-536.Crossref
American Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association
Published: Jun 1, 1986
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