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Neonatal Sepsis due to Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae

Neonatal Sepsis due to Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Abstract • From August 1980 through July 1984, 19 neonates had sepsis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Onset of disease occurred within 48 hours of birth of all the neonates. One neonate was born at term and 18 were born prematurely, including seven neonates born before 28 weeks' gestation. Eight neonates and one fetus died, six of them within 24 hours of birth. Acute chorioamnionitis was present in the placentas. Those neonates with the most severe placental inflammation survived while all of those who died had moderate or only mild chorioamnionitis. Acute villitis was noted in the placentas of three neonates who died. Respiratory distress syndrome (in 15 neonates) and pneumonia (in 15 neonates) were noted in 18 liveborn patients. Nine mothers had fever, six of them with genitourinary infections and one with septicemia due to H influenzae. All isolates of H influenzae were submitted for serologic typing and none were typable. In 14 cases, isolates were biotyped yielding eight with biotype II, four with biotype III, and one each with biotypes IV and V. Neonatal sepsis due to nontypable H influenzae is now nearly as common as sepsis due to group B Streptococcus. Both organisms produce diseases with many features in common, especially fulminant courses with respiratory distress and pneumonia, and often have a fatal outcome. (AJDC 1986;140:117-121) References 1. Remington JS, Klein JO: Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, p 15. 2. Siegel JD, McCracken GH Jr: Sepsis neonatorum . N Engl J Med 1981;304:642-647.Crossref 3. Wallace RJ, Baker CJ, Quinones FJ, et al: Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (biotype 4) as a neonatal, maternal and genital pathogen . Rev Infect Dis 1983;5:123-136.Crossref 4. Khuri-Bulos N, McIntosh K: Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infection: Report of eight cases and review of the literature . AJDC 1975;129:57-62. 5. Lillien LD, Yeh TF, Novak GM, et al: Early-onset Haemophilus sepsis in newborn infants: Clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic features . Pediatrics 1978;62:299-303. 6. Eisenfeld L, Ermocilla R, Wirtschafter D, et al: Systemic bacterial infections in neonatal deaths . AJDC 1983;137:645-649. 7. Kilian M: A rapid method for the differentiation of Haemophilus strains . Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B 1974;82:835-842. 8. Holmes R, DeFranco L, Otto M: Novel method of biotyping Haemophilus influenzae that uses API 20E . J Clin Microbiol 1982;15: 1150-1152. 9. Wilson HD, Eichenwald HF: Sepsis neonatorum . Pediatr Clin North Am 1974;21:571-582. 10. McCracken GH Jr, Shinefield HR: Changes in the pattern of neonatal septicemia and meningitis . AJDC 1966;112:33-39. 11. Freedman RM, Ingram DL, Gross I, et al: A half century of neonatal sepsis at Yale . AJDC 1981;135:140-144. 12. Wigglesworth JS: Perinatal Pathology, vol 15 in Bennington JL (ed): Major Problems in Pathology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1984, p 162. 13. Boyle RJ, Chandler BD, Stonestreet BS, et al: Early identification of sepsis in infants with respiratory distress . Pediatrics 1978;62:744-750. 14. Speer M, Rosan RC, Rudolph AJ: Haemophilus influenzae infection in the neonate mimicking respiratory distress syndrome . J Pediatr 1978;93:295-296.Crossref 15. Walsh H, Hildebrandt RJ, Prystowsky H: Further observations on the microbiologic flora of the cervix and vagina during pregnancy . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966;96:1129-1131. 16. Gibson M, Williams PP: Haemophilus influenzae amnionitis associated with prematurity and premature membrane rupture . Obstet Gynecol 1978;52( (July) suppl):70-72. 17. Baker C: Summary of the workshop on perinatal infections due to group B streptococcus . J Infect Dis 1977;136:137-152.Crossref 18. Blanc WA: Pathways of fetal and early neonatal infection: Viral placentitis, bacterial and fungal chorioamnionitis . J Pediatr 1961;59: 473-496.Crossref 19. Engle WD, Rosenfeld CR: Neutropenia in high-risk neonates . J Pediatr 1984;105:982-986.Crossref 20. Granato PA, Jurek EA, Wiener LB: Biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae: Relationship to clinical source of isolation, serotype, and antibiotics susceptibility . Am J Clin Pathol 1983;79: 73-77. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Neonatal Sepsis due to Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae

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References (21)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1986.02140160035025
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • From August 1980 through July 1984, 19 neonates had sepsis due to Haemophilus influenzae. Onset of disease occurred within 48 hours of birth of all the neonates. One neonate was born at term and 18 were born prematurely, including seven neonates born before 28 weeks' gestation. Eight neonates and one fetus died, six of them within 24 hours of birth. Acute chorioamnionitis was present in the placentas. Those neonates with the most severe placental inflammation survived while all of those who died had moderate or only mild chorioamnionitis. Acute villitis was noted in the placentas of three neonates who died. Respiratory distress syndrome (in 15 neonates) and pneumonia (in 15 neonates) were noted in 18 liveborn patients. Nine mothers had fever, six of them with genitourinary infections and one with septicemia due to H influenzae. All isolates of H influenzae were submitted for serologic typing and none were typable. In 14 cases, isolates were biotyped yielding eight with biotype II, four with biotype III, and one each with biotypes IV and V. Neonatal sepsis due to nontypable H influenzae is now nearly as common as sepsis due to group B Streptococcus. Both organisms produce diseases with many features in common, especially fulminant courses with respiratory distress and pneumonia, and often have a fatal outcome. (AJDC 1986;140:117-121) References 1. Remington JS, Klein JO: Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, p 15. 2. Siegel JD, McCracken GH Jr: Sepsis neonatorum . N Engl J Med 1981;304:642-647.Crossref 3. Wallace RJ, Baker CJ, Quinones FJ, et al: Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (biotype 4) as a neonatal, maternal and genital pathogen . Rev Infect Dis 1983;5:123-136.Crossref 4. Khuri-Bulos N, McIntosh K: Neonatal Haemophilus influenzae infection: Report of eight cases and review of the literature . AJDC 1975;129:57-62. 5. Lillien LD, Yeh TF, Novak GM, et al: Early-onset Haemophilus sepsis in newborn infants: Clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic features . Pediatrics 1978;62:299-303. 6. Eisenfeld L, Ermocilla R, Wirtschafter D, et al: Systemic bacterial infections in neonatal deaths . AJDC 1983;137:645-649. 7. Kilian M: A rapid method for the differentiation of Haemophilus strains . Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B 1974;82:835-842. 8. Holmes R, DeFranco L, Otto M: Novel method of biotyping Haemophilus influenzae that uses API 20E . J Clin Microbiol 1982;15: 1150-1152. 9. Wilson HD, Eichenwald HF: Sepsis neonatorum . Pediatr Clin North Am 1974;21:571-582. 10. McCracken GH Jr, Shinefield HR: Changes in the pattern of neonatal septicemia and meningitis . AJDC 1966;112:33-39. 11. Freedman RM, Ingram DL, Gross I, et al: A half century of neonatal sepsis at Yale . AJDC 1981;135:140-144. 12. Wigglesworth JS: Perinatal Pathology, vol 15 in Bennington JL (ed): Major Problems in Pathology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1984, p 162. 13. Boyle RJ, Chandler BD, Stonestreet BS, et al: Early identification of sepsis in infants with respiratory distress . Pediatrics 1978;62:744-750. 14. Speer M, Rosan RC, Rudolph AJ: Haemophilus influenzae infection in the neonate mimicking respiratory distress syndrome . J Pediatr 1978;93:295-296.Crossref 15. Walsh H, Hildebrandt RJ, Prystowsky H: Further observations on the microbiologic flora of the cervix and vagina during pregnancy . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966;96:1129-1131. 16. Gibson M, Williams PP: Haemophilus influenzae amnionitis associated with prematurity and premature membrane rupture . Obstet Gynecol 1978;52( (July) suppl):70-72. 17. Baker C: Summary of the workshop on perinatal infections due to group B streptococcus . J Infect Dis 1977;136:137-152.Crossref 18. Blanc WA: Pathways of fetal and early neonatal infection: Viral placentitis, bacterial and fungal chorioamnionitis . J Pediatr 1961;59: 473-496.Crossref 19. Engle WD, Rosenfeld CR: Neutropenia in high-risk neonates . J Pediatr 1984;105:982-986.Crossref 20. Granato PA, Jurek EA, Wiener LB: Biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae: Relationship to clinical source of isolation, serotype, and antibiotics susceptibility . Am J Clin Pathol 1983;79: 73-77.

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1986

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