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Hexachlorophene Lesions in Newborn Infants

Hexachlorophene Lesions in Newborn Infants Abstract • Vacuolization of the white matter of the brain is produced by a number of disease entities and chemicals, including hexachlorophene. Brains of 135 stillborn infants and infants dying in the neonatal period were examined for vacuole formation in the white matter to determine if any hexachlorophene-like lesions could be found. A nonsignificant excess of vacuoles was found in infants bathed in hexachlorophene at birth compared with infants not bathed in it. Analysis of 11 brains for hexachlorophene showed that detectable levels were present in five, all of which showed vacuolization. None was detected In the remaining six, three of which also showed vacuolization. In two of these there was no hexachlorophene exposure. (Am J Dis Child 130:247-250, 1976) References 1. Gump WS: Development of a germicidal soap . Soap and Sanitary Chemicals , 1945, pp 36-39, 50-85. 2. Gump WS: Toxicological properties of hexachlorophene . J Soc Cosmet Chem 20:173-184, 1969. 3. Chung HL, Ts'ao WC, Hu HC, et al: Hexachlorophene as a new specific drug against Clonorchis sinensis . Chin Med J 82:691-701, 1963. 4. Herter WB: Hexachlorophene poisoning . Kaiser Foundation Med Bull 7:228, 1959. 5. Larson DL: Studies show hexachlorophene causes burn syndrome . Hospitals 42:63-64, 1968. 6. Kimbrough RD, Gaines TB: Hexachlorophene effects on the rat brain . Arch Environ Health 23:114-118, 1971.Crossref 7. Ulsamer AG, Yoder PD, Kimbrough RD, et al: Toxic effects of hexachlorophene in neonatal rats: Morphology, tissue levels and biochemistry . Food Cosmet Toxicol , to be published. 8. Webster H deF, Ulsamer AG, O'Connel MF: Hexachlorophene induced myelin lesions in the developing nervous system of Xenopus tadpoles: Morphological and biochemical observations . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 33:144-163, 1974.Crossref 9. Cragie EH: Neuroanatomy of the Rat . New York, Academic Press, 1963. 10. Kimbrough RD: Review of the toxicity of hexachlorophene . Arch Environ Health 23:119-121, 1971.Crossref 11. Magee PN, Stover HB, Barnes JM: The experimental production of edema in the central nervous system of the rat by triethyltin compounds . J Pathol 73:107-124, 1957.Crossref 12. Cremer JE: Biochemical changes associated with neurotoxicity . Proc Eur Soc Study Drug Toxicity 8:169-176, 1967. 13. Caldwell RS, Nakaue HS, Buhler DR: Biochemical lesion in rat liver mitochondria induced by hexachlorophene . Biochem Pharmacol 21: 2425-2441, 1972.Crossref 14. Curley A, Hawk RE: Hexachlorophene: I. Analysis in body fluids and tissues of experimental animals. Read before the 161st national meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, 1971. 15. Gluck L, cited by Lockhart JD: How toxic is hexachlorophene? Pediatrics 50:229-235, 1972. 16. Berendes H: Structure and scope of the collaborative study: Present status . Proc AMA Natl Conf Infant Mortality 1966, pp 95-99. 17. Kimel CA, Moore W Jr, Stora JF: Hexachlorophene teratogenicity in rats . Lancet 2:765, 1972.Crossref 18. Ulsamer AG: The determination of hexachlorophene in mammalian tissues by gas liquid chromatography . J Am Osteopath Assoc 55:1294, 1972. 19. Katzman R, Aleu F, Wilson C: Further observations on triethyltin edema . Arch Neurol 9:178-187, 1963.Crossref 20. Worde. AN, Palmer AC, Noel PRB, et al: Lesions in the brain of the dog induced by prolonged administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and isoniazid . Proc Eur Soc Study Drug Toxicity 8:149-161, 1967. 21. Smith ME, Hasinoff CM, Fumagalli R: Inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and myelin formation . Lipids 5:665-671, 1970.Crossref 22. Suzuki K, DePaul L: Cellular degeneration in developing central nervous system of rats produced by hypocholesteremic drug AY 9944 . Lab Invest 25:546-555, 1971. 23. Rawlins FA, Uzman BY: Effect of AY 9944, a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor on peripheral nerve myelination . Lab Invest 23:184-189, 1970. 24. Green MC, Sidman RL, Pinetta OH: Carbriform degeneration (cri): A new recessive neurological mutation in the mouse . Science 176:800-803, 1972.Crossref 25. Buchanan DS, Davis RL: Spongy degeneration of the nervous system . Neurology 15:207-222, 1965.Crossref 26. Murphy TE, Constanzi JJ: Pseudotumor cerebri associated with pernicious edema . Ann Intern Med 70:777, 1969.Crossref 27. Pattison UH, Jebbett JN: Histopathological similarities between scrapie and cuprizone toxicity in mice . Nature 230:115-117, 1971.Crossref 28. Curley A, Kimbrough RD, Hawk RE, et al: Dermal absorption of hexachlorophene in infants . Lancet 2:296-297, 1971.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Hexachlorophene Lesions in Newborn Infants

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References (28)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1976 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1976.02120040025005
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract • Vacuolization of the white matter of the brain is produced by a number of disease entities and chemicals, including hexachlorophene. Brains of 135 stillborn infants and infants dying in the neonatal period were examined for vacuole formation in the white matter to determine if any hexachlorophene-like lesions could be found. A nonsignificant excess of vacuoles was found in infants bathed in hexachlorophene at birth compared with infants not bathed in it. Analysis of 11 brains for hexachlorophene showed that detectable levels were present in five, all of which showed vacuolization. None was detected In the remaining six, three of which also showed vacuolization. In two of these there was no hexachlorophene exposure. (Am J Dis Child 130:247-250, 1976) References 1. Gump WS: Development of a germicidal soap . Soap and Sanitary Chemicals , 1945, pp 36-39, 50-85. 2. Gump WS: Toxicological properties of hexachlorophene . J Soc Cosmet Chem 20:173-184, 1969. 3. Chung HL, Ts'ao WC, Hu HC, et al: Hexachlorophene as a new specific drug against Clonorchis sinensis . Chin Med J 82:691-701, 1963. 4. Herter WB: Hexachlorophene poisoning . Kaiser Foundation Med Bull 7:228, 1959. 5. Larson DL: Studies show hexachlorophene causes burn syndrome . Hospitals 42:63-64, 1968. 6. Kimbrough RD, Gaines TB: Hexachlorophene effects on the rat brain . Arch Environ Health 23:114-118, 1971.Crossref 7. Ulsamer AG, Yoder PD, Kimbrough RD, et al: Toxic effects of hexachlorophene in neonatal rats: Morphology, tissue levels and biochemistry . Food Cosmet Toxicol , to be published. 8. Webster H deF, Ulsamer AG, O'Connel MF: Hexachlorophene induced myelin lesions in the developing nervous system of Xenopus tadpoles: Morphological and biochemical observations . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 33:144-163, 1974.Crossref 9. Cragie EH: Neuroanatomy of the Rat . New York, Academic Press, 1963. 10. Kimbrough RD: Review of the toxicity of hexachlorophene . Arch Environ Health 23:119-121, 1971.Crossref 11. Magee PN, Stover HB, Barnes JM: The experimental production of edema in the central nervous system of the rat by triethyltin compounds . J Pathol 73:107-124, 1957.Crossref 12. Cremer JE: Biochemical changes associated with neurotoxicity . Proc Eur Soc Study Drug Toxicity 8:169-176, 1967. 13. Caldwell RS, Nakaue HS, Buhler DR: Biochemical lesion in rat liver mitochondria induced by hexachlorophene . Biochem Pharmacol 21: 2425-2441, 1972.Crossref 14. Curley A, Hawk RE: Hexachlorophene: I. Analysis in body fluids and tissues of experimental animals. Read before the 161st national meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, 1971. 15. Gluck L, cited by Lockhart JD: How toxic is hexachlorophene? Pediatrics 50:229-235, 1972. 16. Berendes H: Structure and scope of the collaborative study: Present status . Proc AMA Natl Conf Infant Mortality 1966, pp 95-99. 17. Kimel CA, Moore W Jr, Stora JF: Hexachlorophene teratogenicity in rats . Lancet 2:765, 1972.Crossref 18. Ulsamer AG: The determination of hexachlorophene in mammalian tissues by gas liquid chromatography . J Am Osteopath Assoc 55:1294, 1972. 19. Katzman R, Aleu F, Wilson C: Further observations on triethyltin edema . Arch Neurol 9:178-187, 1963.Crossref 20. Worde. AN, Palmer AC, Noel PRB, et al: Lesions in the brain of the dog induced by prolonged administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and isoniazid . Proc Eur Soc Study Drug Toxicity 8:149-161, 1967. 21. Smith ME, Hasinoff CM, Fumagalli R: Inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis and myelin formation . Lipids 5:665-671, 1970.Crossref 22. Suzuki K, DePaul L: Cellular degeneration in developing central nervous system of rats produced by hypocholesteremic drug AY 9944 . Lab Invest 25:546-555, 1971. 23. Rawlins FA, Uzman BY: Effect of AY 9944, a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor on peripheral nerve myelination . Lab Invest 23:184-189, 1970. 24. Green MC, Sidman RL, Pinetta OH: Carbriform degeneration (cri): A new recessive neurological mutation in the mouse . Science 176:800-803, 1972.Crossref 25. Buchanan DS, Davis RL: Spongy degeneration of the nervous system . Neurology 15:207-222, 1965.Crossref 26. Murphy TE, Constanzi JJ: Pseudotumor cerebri associated with pernicious edema . Ann Intern Med 70:777, 1969.Crossref 27. Pattison UH, Jebbett JN: Histopathological similarities between scrapie and cuprizone toxicity in mice . Nature 230:115-117, 1971.Crossref 28. Curley A, Kimbrough RD, Hawk RE, et al: Dermal absorption of hexachlorophene in infants . Lancet 2:296-297, 1971.Crossref

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association

Published: Mar 1, 1976

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