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Insect-Sting Allergy: A Clinical Review

Insect-Sting Allergy: A Clinical Review Abstract PARRISH reviewed the reported deaths from venomous animals from the years 1950 through 1959. Of 460 fatalities, 220 were from stinging insects. This exceeded by far the deaths reported from snake bites.1 Many unexplained sudden deaths in those found dead out-of-doors during the summer months and attributed to cardiovascular disease or sunstroke may indeed be the result of insect-sting allergy.2,3 The first recorded death from an insect sting was that of King Menes of Egypt, who died of a hornet sting in 2642 bc.4 Four thousand years later, Waterhouse attributed this entity to anaphylaxis.5 Although over 30 different insects have been described as producing allergic symptoms, Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets) is the order which has caused nearly all of the deaths.1,6 This is of concern to the nonatopic as well as the atopic individual. In a recent study of 2,606 persons with References 1. Parrish, H.M.: Analysis of 460 Fatalities From Venomous Animals in the United States , Amer J Med Sci 245:129-141 ( (Feb) ) 1963.Crossref 2. Mueller, H.L.: Further Experiences With Severe Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings , New Eng J Med 261:374-377 ( (Aug 20) ) 1959.Crossref 3. Parrish, H.M.: Death From Bites and Stings of Venomous Animals and Insects in the U.S. , Arch Intern Med 104:198-207 ( (Aug) ) 1959.Crossref 4. Woddell, cited by Feinberg, A.R.; Feinberg, S.M.; and Bernaim-Cinto. C.: The Importance of Insect Antigens in Respiratory Disease , J Allerg 27:437-444 ( (Oct) ) 1956.Crossref 5. Waterhouse, A.T.: Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis , Lancet 2:946 ( (Oct 17) ) 1914.Crossref 6. Thomas, J.W.: Allergic Reactions Following Insect Bites and Stings and Their Management , W Virginia Med J 55:115-121 ( (April) ) 1959. 7. Insect Allergy Committee: Insect Allergy Committee of American Academy of Allergy: Insect-Sting Allergy, Questionnaire Study of 2606 Cases , JAMA 193:115-120 ( (July 12) ) 1965.Crossref 8. Mueller, H.R.: Insect Allergy , Pediat Clin N Amer 6:917-922 ( (Aug) ) 1959. 9. Goldstein, W.P.: Encephalopathy and Papilledema After Bee Sting , JAMA 188:1083-1084 ( (Jan 22) ) 1964.Crossref 10. Ross, A.T.: Peripheral Neuritis: Allergy to Honeybee Stings , J Allerg 10:382-384 ( (May) ) 1938-39.Crossref 11. Ashworth, B.: Encephalopathy Following a Sting , J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 27:542-547 ( (Dec) ) 1964.Crossref 12. O'Conner, R., et al: Death from "Wasp" Sting , Ann Allerg 22:385-393 ( (July) ) 1964. 13. McCormick, W.F.: Fatal Anaphylactic Reactions to Wasp Stings, A Review, With Immunologic Studies of a Fatal Case , Amer J Clin Path 39:485-491 ( (May) ) 1963. 14. Barnard, J.H.: Allergic Reaction to Insect Stings and Bites , New York J Med 57:1787-1790, 1957. 15. Peck, G.A.: Insect Sting Anaphylaxis , Calif Med 99:166-72 ( (Sept) ) 1963. 16. Paul, J.T., and Presley, J.: Severe Anaphylactic Reaction to Wasp Sting , Illinois Med J 97:283-284 ( (May) ) 1950. 17. Perlman, E.: Near Fatal Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings , J Mount Sinai Hosp NY 22:336-348 ( (Nov) -Dec) 1955. 18. Thomas, J.W.: The Treatment of Severe Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings and Bites , Virginia Med Monthly 85:415-421 ( (Aug) ) 1958. 19. Swinny, B.: Severe Reactions from Insect Stings , Texas J Med 46:639-640 ( (Aug) ) 1950. 20. Schenken, J.R.; Tamisiea, J.; and Winter, F.D.: Hypersensitivity to Bee Sting: Report of a Fatal Case and Review of the Literature , Amer J Clin Path 23:1216-1221 ( (Dec) ) 1953. 21. Sheehan, R.K.: Serum Sickness and Recurrent Angioedema After Bee Sting , JAMA 193:155-156 ( (July 12) ) 1965.Crossref 22. Kuszelka, M.F.: Multiple Bee Stings With Hemoglobinuria and Recovery , Bulletin US Army Medical Department 9:212, 1949. 23. Feinberg, A.R.; Feinberg, S.M.; and Bernaim-Pinto, C.: The Importance of Insect Antigens in Respiratory Allergy , J Allerg 27:437-444 ( (Oct) ) 1956.Crossref 24. Hellreich, E.: Evaluation of Skin Tests With Insect Extracts in Various Allergic Diseases , Ann Allerg 20:805-808 ( (Dec) ) 1962. 25. Ellis, R.V., and Ahrens, H.G.: Hypersensitiveness to Air-Borne Bee Allergen , J Allerg 3:247-252 ( (March) ) 1932.Crossref 26. Parlato, S.J.: Emanations of Flies as Exciting Causes of Allergic Coryza and Asthma: A Study of the Atopic Reagins of the Caddis Fly, Butterfly, and Moth , J Allerg 3:459-468 ( (July) ) 1932.Crossref 27. Perlman, F.: Insects as Inhalant Allergens , J Allerg 29:302-327 ( (July) ) 1958.Crossref 28. Randolph, H.: Allergic Response to Dust of Insect Origin , JAMA 103:560-562 ( (Aug 25) ) 1934.Crossref 29. Benson, R.L., and Semenov, H.: Allergy in its Relation to Bee Sting , J Allerg 1:105-116 ( (Jan) ) 1930.Crossref 30. Wiseman, R.D., et al: Insect Allergy as a Possible Cause of Inhalant Sensitivity , J Allerg 30:191-197 ( (May) -June) 1959.Crossref 31. Marshall, T.K.: Wasp and Bee Stings , Practitioner 178:288-297 ( (June) ) 1957. 32. Brock, T.: Resume of Insect Allergy , Ann Allerg 19:288-297 ( (March) ) 1961. 33. Kennedy, C.B.: Insect Stings and Bites: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention , Postgrad Med 37:193-197 ( (Feb) ) 1965. 34. James, E.S., and Walker, W.G.: ACTH in the Treatment of Multiple Wasp Stings , Canad Med Assoc J 67:50-51 ( (July) ) 1952. 35. Brown, H.: Allergy to Certain Hymenoptera, Bees, Hornets, Wasps, and Yellow Jackets , J Amer Med Wom Assoc 18:137-41 ( (Feb) ) 1963. 36. Howell, J.D., and Kraft, B.: Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings , J Indiana Med Assoc 55:749-753 ( (June) ) 1962. 37. Mueller, H.L.: Serial Intracutaneous Testing for Bee and Wasp Sensitivity , J Allerg 30:123-129 ( (March) -April) 1959.Crossref 38. Loveless, M., and Fackler, W.: Wasp Venom Allergy and Immunity , Ann Allerg 14:347-366 ( (Sept) -Oct) 1956. 39. Rockwell, E.M.: Some Investigational Studies Concerning Reactions to Insect Bites , Ann Allerg 10:404-410 ( (July) -Aug) 1952. 40. Langlois, C.; Arbesman, C.; and Shulman, S.: Stinging Insects: Immunological Studies , Fed Proc 22:560, 1963. 41. Shulman, S.; Langlois, C.; and Arbesman, C.E.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: I. Preparation of Extracts and Their Biochemical Characterization , J Allerg 35:446-456 ( (Sept) -Oct) 1964.Crossref 42. Shulman, S.; Langlois, C.; and Arbesman, C.E.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: II. Immunological Studies of Human Sera From Allergic Individuals , J Allerg 36:12-22 ( (Jan) -Feb) 1965.Crossref 43. Langlois, C.; Shulman, S.; and Arbesman, C.E.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: III. The Specificity of Venom Sac Antigens , J Allerg 36:109-120 ( (March) -April) 1965.Crossref 44. Arbesman, C.E.; Langlois, C.; and Shulman, S.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: IV. Cross-Reactions Between Bee, Wasp, and Yellow Jacket , J Allerg 36:147-156 ( (March) -April) 1965.Crossref 45. Pruzansky, J.J., et al: Studies on the Antigenic Relationship of Insect Extracts by Reagin Neutralization: Evidence of Nonspecific Inactivation of Reagin , J Allerg 30:352-356 ( (July) -Aug) 1959.Crossref 46. Loveless, M.H.: Immunology Involved in Insect Sting Allergy , New York J Med 62:3563, 1962. 47. Loveless, M.H.: Immunization in Wasp Sting Allergy Through Venom Repositories and Periodic Insect Stings , J Immun 89:204-15 ( (Aug) ) 1962. 48. Baugh, H., et al: Studies on Hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera: I. Antigenicity and Cross Reactivity of Body Extracts , Ann Allerg 23:430-433 ( (Sept) ) 1965. 49. Weed, R.: Exaggerated Delayed Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia , Blood 26:257-267 ( (Sept) ) 1965. 50. Perlman, F.: Insects as Allergen Injectants: Severe Reactions to Bites and Stings of Arthropods , Calif Med 96:1-101, 1952. 51. Stier, R.A., and Foubert, E.L.: Antigenic Relationship Between Honey Bees, Wasps, Yellow Jackets, and Yellow and Black Hornets , J Allerg 27:98 ( (Feb) ) 1956. 52. Feingold, B.F.: Induction of Delayed and Immediate Types of Skin Reactivity in Guinea Pigs by Variation in Dosages of Antigens , Ann Allerg 22:279-291 ( (June) ) 1964. 53. Terr, A.I., and McLean, J.A.: Studies on Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: I. Precipitin-in-Gel Tests and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , J Allerg 35:127-133 ( (March) -April) 1964.Crossref 54. Foubert, E.L., Jr., and Stier, R.A.: Antigenic Relationships Between Honeybees, Wasps, Yellow Hornets, Black Hornets, and Yellow Jackets , J Allerg 29:13-23 ( (Jan) -Feb) 1958.Crossref 55. Prince, H.F., and Secrest, P.G., Jr.: Use of Whole Bee Extract in Sensitization to Bees, Wasps, and Ants , J Allerg 10:379-380 ( (June) ) 1939.Crossref 56. O'Connor, R., and Erickson, R.: Hymenoptera Antigens: An Immunological Comparison of Venoms, Venom Sac Extracts, and Whole Insect Extracts , Ann Allerg 23:151-157 ( (March) ) 1965. 57. O'Connor, R.; Rosenbruck, W.; and Erickson, R.W.: Disc Electrophoresis of Hymenoptera Venoms and Body Proteins , Science 145:1320, 1964.Crossref 58. O'Connor, R.; Rosenbruck, W.; and Erickson, R.W.: Hymenoptera: Pure Venom From Bees, Wasps, and Hornets , Science 139:420, 1963.Crossref 59. Schacter, M., and Thain, E.M.: Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of the Potent Slow Contracting Substance (Kinin) in Wasp Venom , Brit J Pharmacol 9:352-9, 1954. 60. Jaques, R., and Schacter, M.: The Presence of Histamine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and a Potent Slow-Contracting Substance in Wasp Venom , Brit J Pharmacol 9:52-58, 1954. 61. Bernton, H.S., Brown, H.: Studies on the Hymenoptera: Skin Reactions of Normal Persons to Honeybee , J Allerg 36:315-320 ( (July) -Aug) 1965.Crossref 62. Schwartz, H.J.: Skin Sensitivity in Insect Allergy , JAMA 194:703-705 ( (Nov 15) ) 1965.Crossref 63. Perlman, F.: A Comparison of Skin Reactivity and a Proposal for Routine Skin Testing With Insect Allergens , J Allerg 32:93-101 ( (March) -April) 1961.Crossref 64. Thomas, J.W.: Insect Allergy Prophylaxis and Emergency Treatment , New Physician 12:270-276 ( (July) ) 1963. 65. Frazier, C.A.: Insect Sting Reactions in Children , Ann Allerg 23:37-46 ( (Jan) ) 1965. 66. Morse, R.A., and Ghent, R.L.: Protective Measures Against Stinging Insects , New York J Med 59:1546-1548 ( (April 15) ) 1951. 67. Frazier, C.A.: "Allergic Reactions to Stings of Insects," in Conn, H.F. (ed.): Current Therapy , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1966, pp 465-68. 68. Frazier, C.A.: Treatment of Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings , N Carolina Med J 24:335-336 ( (Aug) ) 1963. 69. Mueller, H.L., and Hill, L.W.: Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings , New Eng J Med 249:726-730 ( (Oct) ) 1953.Crossref 70. Insect Allergy Committee: American Academy of Allergy, Insect Allergy Committee, March, 1963 Report , J Allerg 35:181-187 ( (March) -April) 1964.Crossref 71. Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , New York: Macmillan Co., Publishers, 1965, pp 497-498. 72. Frazier, C.A.: Reactions to Stinging Insects and Their Treatment , GP 22:96-99 ( (July) ) 1960. 73. Pinkerton, H.H., and Van Metre, T.E.: Immediate Therapy for the Acute Attack of Asthma , New Eng J Med 258:363-366 ( (Feb 20) ) 1958.Crossref 74. Jex-Blake, A.J.: Bee-Stings in Kenya Colony , Brit Med J 2:241-242 ( (Aug 20) ) 1942.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Insect-Sting Allergy: A Clinical Review

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References (78)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1967 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090190144021
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract PARRISH reviewed the reported deaths from venomous animals from the years 1950 through 1959. Of 460 fatalities, 220 were from stinging insects. This exceeded by far the deaths reported from snake bites.1 Many unexplained sudden deaths in those found dead out-of-doors during the summer months and attributed to cardiovascular disease or sunstroke may indeed be the result of insect-sting allergy.2,3 The first recorded death from an insect sting was that of King Menes of Egypt, who died of a hornet sting in 2642 bc.4 Four thousand years later, Waterhouse attributed this entity to anaphylaxis.5 Although over 30 different insects have been described as producing allergic symptoms, Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, hornets, and yellow jackets) is the order which has caused nearly all of the deaths.1,6 This is of concern to the nonatopic as well as the atopic individual. In a recent study of 2,606 persons with References 1. Parrish, H.M.: Analysis of 460 Fatalities From Venomous Animals in the United States , Amer J Med Sci 245:129-141 ( (Feb) ) 1963.Crossref 2. Mueller, H.L.: Further Experiences With Severe Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings , New Eng J Med 261:374-377 ( (Aug 20) ) 1959.Crossref 3. Parrish, H.M.: Death From Bites and Stings of Venomous Animals and Insects in the U.S. , Arch Intern Med 104:198-207 ( (Aug) ) 1959.Crossref 4. Woddell, cited by Feinberg, A.R.; Feinberg, S.M.; and Bernaim-Cinto. C.: The Importance of Insect Antigens in Respiratory Disease , J Allerg 27:437-444 ( (Oct) ) 1956.Crossref 5. Waterhouse, A.T.: Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis , Lancet 2:946 ( (Oct 17) ) 1914.Crossref 6. Thomas, J.W.: Allergic Reactions Following Insect Bites and Stings and Their Management , W Virginia Med J 55:115-121 ( (April) ) 1959. 7. Insect Allergy Committee: Insect Allergy Committee of American Academy of Allergy: Insect-Sting Allergy, Questionnaire Study of 2606 Cases , JAMA 193:115-120 ( (July 12) ) 1965.Crossref 8. Mueller, H.R.: Insect Allergy , Pediat Clin N Amer 6:917-922 ( (Aug) ) 1959. 9. Goldstein, W.P.: Encephalopathy and Papilledema After Bee Sting , JAMA 188:1083-1084 ( (Jan 22) ) 1964.Crossref 10. Ross, A.T.: Peripheral Neuritis: Allergy to Honeybee Stings , J Allerg 10:382-384 ( (May) ) 1938-39.Crossref 11. Ashworth, B.: Encephalopathy Following a Sting , J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 27:542-547 ( (Dec) ) 1964.Crossref 12. O'Conner, R., et al: Death from "Wasp" Sting , Ann Allerg 22:385-393 ( (July) ) 1964. 13. McCormick, W.F.: Fatal Anaphylactic Reactions to Wasp Stings, A Review, With Immunologic Studies of a Fatal Case , Amer J Clin Path 39:485-491 ( (May) ) 1963. 14. Barnard, J.H.: Allergic Reaction to Insect Stings and Bites , New York J Med 57:1787-1790, 1957. 15. Peck, G.A.: Insect Sting Anaphylaxis , Calif Med 99:166-72 ( (Sept) ) 1963. 16. Paul, J.T., and Presley, J.: Severe Anaphylactic Reaction to Wasp Sting , Illinois Med J 97:283-284 ( (May) ) 1950. 17. Perlman, E.: Near Fatal Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings , J Mount Sinai Hosp NY 22:336-348 ( (Nov) -Dec) 1955. 18. Thomas, J.W.: The Treatment of Severe Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings and Bites , Virginia Med Monthly 85:415-421 ( (Aug) ) 1958. 19. Swinny, B.: Severe Reactions from Insect Stings , Texas J Med 46:639-640 ( (Aug) ) 1950. 20. Schenken, J.R.; Tamisiea, J.; and Winter, F.D.: Hypersensitivity to Bee Sting: Report of a Fatal Case and Review of the Literature , Amer J Clin Path 23:1216-1221 ( (Dec) ) 1953. 21. Sheehan, R.K.: Serum Sickness and Recurrent Angioedema After Bee Sting , JAMA 193:155-156 ( (July 12) ) 1965.Crossref 22. Kuszelka, M.F.: Multiple Bee Stings With Hemoglobinuria and Recovery , Bulletin US Army Medical Department 9:212, 1949. 23. Feinberg, A.R.; Feinberg, S.M.; and Bernaim-Pinto, C.: The Importance of Insect Antigens in Respiratory Allergy , J Allerg 27:437-444 ( (Oct) ) 1956.Crossref 24. Hellreich, E.: Evaluation of Skin Tests With Insect Extracts in Various Allergic Diseases , Ann Allerg 20:805-808 ( (Dec) ) 1962. 25. Ellis, R.V., and Ahrens, H.G.: Hypersensitiveness to Air-Borne Bee Allergen , J Allerg 3:247-252 ( (March) ) 1932.Crossref 26. Parlato, S.J.: Emanations of Flies as Exciting Causes of Allergic Coryza and Asthma: A Study of the Atopic Reagins of the Caddis Fly, Butterfly, and Moth , J Allerg 3:459-468 ( (July) ) 1932.Crossref 27. Perlman, F.: Insects as Inhalant Allergens , J Allerg 29:302-327 ( (July) ) 1958.Crossref 28. Randolph, H.: Allergic Response to Dust of Insect Origin , JAMA 103:560-562 ( (Aug 25) ) 1934.Crossref 29. Benson, R.L., and Semenov, H.: Allergy in its Relation to Bee Sting , J Allerg 1:105-116 ( (Jan) ) 1930.Crossref 30. Wiseman, R.D., et al: Insect Allergy as a Possible Cause of Inhalant Sensitivity , J Allerg 30:191-197 ( (May) -June) 1959.Crossref 31. Marshall, T.K.: Wasp and Bee Stings , Practitioner 178:288-297 ( (June) ) 1957. 32. Brock, T.: Resume of Insect Allergy , Ann Allerg 19:288-297 ( (March) ) 1961. 33. Kennedy, C.B.: Insect Stings and Bites: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention , Postgrad Med 37:193-197 ( (Feb) ) 1965. 34. James, E.S., and Walker, W.G.: ACTH in the Treatment of Multiple Wasp Stings , Canad Med Assoc J 67:50-51 ( (July) ) 1952. 35. Brown, H.: Allergy to Certain Hymenoptera, Bees, Hornets, Wasps, and Yellow Jackets , J Amer Med Wom Assoc 18:137-41 ( (Feb) ) 1963. 36. Howell, J.D., and Kraft, B.: Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings , J Indiana Med Assoc 55:749-753 ( (June) ) 1962. 37. Mueller, H.L.: Serial Intracutaneous Testing for Bee and Wasp Sensitivity , J Allerg 30:123-129 ( (March) -April) 1959.Crossref 38. Loveless, M., and Fackler, W.: Wasp Venom Allergy and Immunity , Ann Allerg 14:347-366 ( (Sept) -Oct) 1956. 39. Rockwell, E.M.: Some Investigational Studies Concerning Reactions to Insect Bites , Ann Allerg 10:404-410 ( (July) -Aug) 1952. 40. Langlois, C.; Arbesman, C.; and Shulman, S.: Stinging Insects: Immunological Studies , Fed Proc 22:560, 1963. 41. Shulman, S.; Langlois, C.; and Arbesman, C.E.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: I. Preparation of Extracts and Their Biochemical Characterization , J Allerg 35:446-456 ( (Sept) -Oct) 1964.Crossref 42. Shulman, S.; Langlois, C.; and Arbesman, C.E.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: II. Immunological Studies of Human Sera From Allergic Individuals , J Allerg 36:12-22 ( (Jan) -Feb) 1965.Crossref 43. Langlois, C.; Shulman, S.; and Arbesman, C.E.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: III. The Specificity of Venom Sac Antigens , J Allerg 36:109-120 ( (March) -April) 1965.Crossref 44. Arbesman, C.E.; Langlois, C.; and Shulman, S.: The Allergic Response to Stinging Insects: IV. Cross-Reactions Between Bee, Wasp, and Yellow Jacket , J Allerg 36:147-156 ( (March) -April) 1965.Crossref 45. Pruzansky, J.J., et al: Studies on the Antigenic Relationship of Insect Extracts by Reagin Neutralization: Evidence of Nonspecific Inactivation of Reagin , J Allerg 30:352-356 ( (July) -Aug) 1959.Crossref 46. Loveless, M.H.: Immunology Involved in Insect Sting Allergy , New York J Med 62:3563, 1962. 47. Loveless, M.H.: Immunization in Wasp Sting Allergy Through Venom Repositories and Periodic Insect Stings , J Immun 89:204-15 ( (Aug) ) 1962. 48. Baugh, H., et al: Studies on Hypersensitivity to Hymenoptera: I. Antigenicity and Cross Reactivity of Body Extracts , Ann Allerg 23:430-433 ( (Sept) ) 1965. 49. Weed, R.: Exaggerated Delayed Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia , Blood 26:257-267 ( (Sept) ) 1965. 50. Perlman, F.: Insects as Allergen Injectants: Severe Reactions to Bites and Stings of Arthropods , Calif Med 96:1-101, 1952. 51. Stier, R.A., and Foubert, E.L.: Antigenic Relationship Between Honey Bees, Wasps, Yellow Jackets, and Yellow and Black Hornets , J Allerg 27:98 ( (Feb) ) 1956. 52. Feingold, B.F.: Induction of Delayed and Immediate Types of Skin Reactivity in Guinea Pigs by Variation in Dosages of Antigens , Ann Allerg 22:279-291 ( (June) ) 1964. 53. Terr, A.I., and McLean, J.A.: Studies on Insect Sting Hypersensitivity: I. Precipitin-in-Gel Tests and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , J Allerg 35:127-133 ( (March) -April) 1964.Crossref 54. Foubert, E.L., Jr., and Stier, R.A.: Antigenic Relationships Between Honeybees, Wasps, Yellow Hornets, Black Hornets, and Yellow Jackets , J Allerg 29:13-23 ( (Jan) -Feb) 1958.Crossref 55. Prince, H.F., and Secrest, P.G., Jr.: Use of Whole Bee Extract in Sensitization to Bees, Wasps, and Ants , J Allerg 10:379-380 ( (June) ) 1939.Crossref 56. O'Connor, R., and Erickson, R.: Hymenoptera Antigens: An Immunological Comparison of Venoms, Venom Sac Extracts, and Whole Insect Extracts , Ann Allerg 23:151-157 ( (March) ) 1965. 57. O'Connor, R.; Rosenbruck, W.; and Erickson, R.W.: Disc Electrophoresis of Hymenoptera Venoms and Body Proteins , Science 145:1320, 1964.Crossref 58. O'Connor, R.; Rosenbruck, W.; and Erickson, R.W.: Hymenoptera: Pure Venom From Bees, Wasps, and Hornets , Science 139:420, 1963.Crossref 59. Schacter, M., and Thain, E.M.: Chemical and Pharmacological Properties of the Potent Slow Contracting Substance (Kinin) in Wasp Venom , Brit J Pharmacol 9:352-9, 1954. 60. Jaques, R., and Schacter, M.: The Presence of Histamine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and a Potent Slow-Contracting Substance in Wasp Venom , Brit J Pharmacol 9:52-58, 1954. 61. Bernton, H.S., Brown, H.: Studies on the Hymenoptera: Skin Reactions of Normal Persons to Honeybee , J Allerg 36:315-320 ( (July) -Aug) 1965.Crossref 62. Schwartz, H.J.: Skin Sensitivity in Insect Allergy , JAMA 194:703-705 ( (Nov 15) ) 1965.Crossref 63. Perlman, F.: A Comparison of Skin Reactivity and a Proposal for Routine Skin Testing With Insect Allergens , J Allerg 32:93-101 ( (March) -April) 1961.Crossref 64. Thomas, J.W.: Insect Allergy Prophylaxis and Emergency Treatment , New Physician 12:270-276 ( (July) ) 1963. 65. Frazier, C.A.: Insect Sting Reactions in Children , Ann Allerg 23:37-46 ( (Jan) ) 1965. 66. Morse, R.A., and Ghent, R.L.: Protective Measures Against Stinging Insects , New York J Med 59:1546-1548 ( (April 15) ) 1951. 67. Frazier, C.A.: "Allergic Reactions to Stings of Insects," in Conn, H.F. (ed.): Current Therapy , Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1966, pp 465-68. 68. Frazier, C.A.: Treatment of Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings , N Carolina Med J 24:335-336 ( (Aug) ) 1963. 69. Mueller, H.L., and Hill, L.W.: Allergic Reactions to Bee and Wasp Stings , New Eng J Med 249:726-730 ( (Oct) ) 1953.Crossref 70. Insect Allergy Committee: American Academy of Allergy, Insect Allergy Committee, March, 1963 Report , J Allerg 35:181-187 ( (March) -April) 1964.Crossref 71. Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , New York: Macmillan Co., Publishers, 1965, pp 497-498. 72. Frazier, C.A.: Reactions to Stinging Insects and Their Treatment , GP 22:96-99 ( (July) ) 1960. 73. Pinkerton, H.H., and Van Metre, T.E.: Immediate Therapy for the Acute Attack of Asthma , New Eng J Med 258:363-366 ( (Feb 20) ) 1958.Crossref 74. Jex-Blake, A.J.: Bee-Stings in Kenya Colony , Brit Med J 2:241-242 ( (Aug 20) ) 1942.Crossref

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Apr 1, 1967

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