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Repair After Gangrene Due to Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Repair After Gangrene Due to Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome Abstract There has been an increase in reports of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome with meningococcic septicemia and with other clinical conditions such as varicella, scarlet fever, and ulcerative colitis.3-9 The syndrome is well known in pediatric practice, and its mortality was considered very high. Petechial fever, malignant purpuric fever, and spotted fever are synonymous for the rash accompanying meningococcic septicemia. Necrosis of the skin has been reported but is quite rare.15 Out of 1,518 cases reported from the American 4th Army, only 4 developed skin necrosis and 2 required skin grafting procedures.14 Hill and Kinney8 reported 25 autopsies with several types of skin lesions without skin necrosis. Two survivors developed gangrene of the lower extremities. Lewin9 described an infant with gangrene of the face with total loss of the nose requiring complete nasal reconstruction. DeFuccio and Dresner4 reported a case of gangrene with amputation of the lower References 1. Black-Schaffer, B.: The Clinical Implications of the Shwartzman Phenomenon , J. Mount Sinai Hosp. N.Y. 16:207, 1949. 2. Black-Schaffer, B.; Hiebert, T. G., and Kerby, G. P.: Experimental Study of Purpuric Meningococcemia in Relation to Shwartzman Phenomenon , Arch. Path. 43:28, 1947. 3. Daniels, W. B.: Meningococcic Bacteremia , Arch. Intern. Med. 81:145, 1948.Crossref 4. DeFuccio, C. P., and Dresner, E. E.: Meningococcemia with Meningitis Accompanied by Bi lateral Gangrene of the Lower Extremities (Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome) , Pediatrics 3:837, 1949. 5. Dickson, R. C.; McKinnon, N. E.; Magner, D., and McGillivray, N. B.: Meningococcal Infection , Lancet 2:631, 1941.Crossref 6. Dunn, H. G.: Gangrenous Purpura and Its Occurrence in Meningococcal Septicaemia , Arch. Dis. Child. 26:184, 1951.Crossref 7. Goldgraber, M. B., and Kirsner, J. B.: Gangrenous Skin Lesions Associated with Chronic Ulcerative Colitis , Gastroenterology 39:94, 1960. 8. Hill, W. R., and Kinney, T. D.: The Cutaneous Lesions in Acute Meningococcemia , J.A.M.A. 134:513 ( (June 7) ) 1947.Crossref 9. Lewin, M. L.: Total Rhinoplasty in Infants: Report of a Case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome , Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 15:131, 1955.Crossref 10. Sheldon, J. H.: Purpura Necrotica: A Possible Clinical Application of the Shwartzman Phenomenon , Arch. Dis. Child. 22:7, 1947.Crossref 11. Shwartzman, G.: Phenomenon of Local Skin Reactivity to Culture Filtrates of Various Microorganisms , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 26:207, 1928.Crossref 12. Shwartzman, G.: Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity and Its Immunological, Pathological and Clinical Significance , Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1937. 13. Sternberg, S. D.; Zweifler, B. M.; Gruber, S., and Lichtenman, J.: The Shwartzman Phenomenon Complicating Acute Meningococcemia with Meningitis , J. Pediat. 38:369, 1951.Crossref 14. Thomas, H. M., Jr.: Meningococcic Meningitis and Septicemia , J.A.M.A. 123:264, 1943.Crossref 15. Voelker, A. F.: Pathological Reports, 1894, Middlesex Hospital Reports 1894, p. 279, quoted by M. L. Lewin.9 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

Repair After Gangrene Due to Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

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References (17)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1962 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0002-922X
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080020839013
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract There has been an increase in reports of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome with meningococcic septicemia and with other clinical conditions such as varicella, scarlet fever, and ulcerative colitis.3-9 The syndrome is well known in pediatric practice, and its mortality was considered very high. Petechial fever, malignant purpuric fever, and spotted fever are synonymous for the rash accompanying meningococcic septicemia. Necrosis of the skin has been reported but is quite rare.15 Out of 1,518 cases reported from the American 4th Army, only 4 developed skin necrosis and 2 required skin grafting procedures.14 Hill and Kinney8 reported 25 autopsies with several types of skin lesions without skin necrosis. Two survivors developed gangrene of the lower extremities. Lewin9 described an infant with gangrene of the face with total loss of the nose requiring complete nasal reconstruction. DeFuccio and Dresner4 reported a case of gangrene with amputation of the lower References 1. Black-Schaffer, B.: The Clinical Implications of the Shwartzman Phenomenon , J. Mount Sinai Hosp. N.Y. 16:207, 1949. 2. Black-Schaffer, B.; Hiebert, T. G., and Kerby, G. P.: Experimental Study of Purpuric Meningococcemia in Relation to Shwartzman Phenomenon , Arch. Path. 43:28, 1947. 3. Daniels, W. B.: Meningococcic Bacteremia , Arch. Intern. Med. 81:145, 1948.Crossref 4. DeFuccio, C. P., and Dresner, E. E.: Meningococcemia with Meningitis Accompanied by Bi lateral Gangrene of the Lower Extremities (Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome) , Pediatrics 3:837, 1949. 5. Dickson, R. C.; McKinnon, N. E.; Magner, D., and McGillivray, N. B.: Meningococcal Infection , Lancet 2:631, 1941.Crossref 6. Dunn, H. G.: Gangrenous Purpura and Its Occurrence in Meningococcal Septicaemia , Arch. Dis. Child. 26:184, 1951.Crossref 7. Goldgraber, M. B., and Kirsner, J. B.: Gangrenous Skin Lesions Associated with Chronic Ulcerative Colitis , Gastroenterology 39:94, 1960. 8. Hill, W. R., and Kinney, T. D.: The Cutaneous Lesions in Acute Meningococcemia , J.A.M.A. 134:513 ( (June 7) ) 1947.Crossref 9. Lewin, M. L.: Total Rhinoplasty in Infants: Report of a Case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome , Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 15:131, 1955.Crossref 10. Sheldon, J. H.: Purpura Necrotica: A Possible Clinical Application of the Shwartzman Phenomenon , Arch. Dis. Child. 22:7, 1947.Crossref 11. Shwartzman, G.: Phenomenon of Local Skin Reactivity to Culture Filtrates of Various Microorganisms , Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 26:207, 1928.Crossref 12. Shwartzman, G.: Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity and Its Immunological, Pathological and Clinical Significance , Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., Medical Book Department of Harper & Brothers, 1937. 13. Sternberg, S. D.; Zweifler, B. M.; Gruber, S., and Lichtenman, J.: The Shwartzman Phenomenon Complicating Acute Meningococcemia with Meningitis , J. Pediat. 38:369, 1951.Crossref 14. Thomas, H. M., Jr.: Meningococcic Meningitis and Septicemia , J.A.M.A. 123:264, 1943.Crossref 15. Voelker, A. F.: Pathological Reports, 1894, Middlesex Hospital Reports 1894, p. 279, quoted by M. L. Lewin.9

Journal

American Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association

Published: Jun 1, 1962

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