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The Infant of the Diabetic Mother

The Infant of the Diabetic Mother Abstract Introduction Case Material General Considerations on Fetal Mortality Historical Background Fertility Fetal Mortality During Early Pregnancy Fetal Mortality During Late Pregnancy Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Changes in Mortality Rates Summary Maternal Factors Maternal Age Parity Past Obstetrical History Severity of Maternal Diabetes Duration Age of Onset of Diabetes Insulin Requirement Classification of Severity Control of Diabetes During Pregnancy Toxemia and Hydramnios The Role of Hormones Physiological Changes in Diabetic Pregnancies Their Use in Nondiabetic Pregnancies Their Use in Diabetic Pregnancies Summary Obstetrical Factors Optimal Time of Delivery Mode of Delivery Induction of Labor Anesthesia Summary Pediatric Factors General Considerations Sex Birth Weight Length of Gestation Condition at Birth Clinical Course References 1. Abelove, W. A.; Rupp, J. J., and Paschkis, K. E.: Acromegaly and Pregnancy , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 14:32, 1954.Crossref 2. Adams, T. W.: Intrauterine Roentgenography as an Aid in Determining Fetal Age , Obst. & Gynec. 5:43, 1955. 3. Adams, T. W.: Diabetes and Pregnancy , Obst. & Gynec. 5:160, 1955. 4. Ahvenainen, E. K.: On Changes in Dilatation and Signs of Aspiration in Fetal and Neonatal Lungs: An Experimental and Histological Study , Acta pædiat. ( (Supp. 3) ) 35:1, 1948. 5. Anderson, G. W.: Studies on the Nucleated Red Cell Count in the Chorionic Capillaries and the Cord Blood of Various Ages of Pregnancy , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 42:1, 1941. 6. Anderson, G. W.: Pathologic Observations on Atelectasis with Hyaline-like Membranes , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 31:159, 1955. 7. Andersson, B.: Diabetes and Pregnancy , Acta med. scandinav. 138:259, 1950. 8. Apgar, V.: Proposal for New Method of Evaluation of Newborn Infant , Anesth. & Analg. 32:260, 1953. 9. Aikawa, J. K., and Burns, P. D.: Pulmonary Lesions in Experimental Oxygen Poisoning , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 91:614, 1956. 10. Bachman, C.: Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy with Special Reference to Fetal and Infantile Loss , Am. J. M. Sc. 223:681, 1952. 11. Barns, H. H. F.: Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy , J. Obst. & Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 48:707, 1941. 12. Barns, H. H. F.; Lindan, O.; Morgans, M. E.; Reid, E., and Swyer, G. J. M.: Fetal Mortality in Pregnant Rats Treated with Anterior-Pituitary Extracts and in Alloxan Diabetic Rats , Lancet 2:841, 1950. 13. Barns, H. H. F., and Morgans, M. E.: Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus , Brit. M. J. 1:51, 1949. 14. Barns, H. H. F., and Morgans, M. E.: The Conduct of Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus , Brit. M. J. 1:1058, 1952. 15. Barns, H. H. F., and Swyer, G. J. M.: Effects on Foetal Weight of Growth-Hormone Containing Anterior Pituitary Extracts Given to Pregnant Rats , Brit. M. J. 2:914, 1952. 16. Basil-Jones, B. J.: Diabetes in Pregnancy: Laboratory Assistance , M. J. Australia 2:558, 1949. 17. 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A.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in Newborn Infants: Statistical, Morphologic, and Experimental Study of Their Nature, Occurrence, and Significance , Pediatrics 8:5, 1951. 31. Bowen, B. D., and Heilbrun, N.: Pregnancy and Diabetes, with a Report of 5 Cases, and a Review of the Literature , Am. J. M. Sc. 183:803, 1932. 32. Brandstrup, E., and Okkels, H.: Pregnancy Complicated with Diabetes , Acta obst. et gynec. scandinav. 18:136, 1938. 33. Breeman, V. L.; Neustein, H. B., and Bruns, P. D.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes Studied with the Electron Microscope , Am. J. Path. 33:769, 1957. 34. Bromberg, V. M., and Toaff, R.: Habitual Foetal Death Associated with Recurrent Toxaemia of Pregnancy in Diabetic Patients , J. Obst. & Gynec. Brit. Emp. 57:240, 1950. 35. Brosset, A.: Bidrag till kannenedom om graviditet hos diabeticae , Nord. med. 26:1037, 1945. 36. Bruns, P. D., and Shields, L. 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Cook, C. D.; Cherry, R. B.; O'Brien, D.; Karlberg, P., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: I. Observations on Normal Prematures and Full-Term Infants , J. Clin. Invest. 34:975, 1955. 45. Cook, C. D.; Lucey, J. F.; Drorbaugh, J. E.; Segal, S.; Sutherland, J. M., and Smith, C. A.: Apnea and Respiratory Distress in the Newborn Infant: Physiologic Background, Resuscitation, and Suppressive Technics , New England J. Med. 254:562, 604, and 651, 1956. 46. Cook, C. D.; Sutherland, J. M.; Segal, S.; Cherry, R. B.; Mead, J., Mcllroy, M. B., and Smith, C. A.: Studies of Respiratory Physiology in the Newborn Infant: III. Measurements of Mechanisms of Respiration , J. Clin. Invest. 36:440, 1957. 47. Craig, J. M.; Fenton, K., and Gitlin, D.: The Obstructive Factors in the Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane Syndrome of Newborn Infants , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 94:490, 1957. 48. Crosse, V. M.: The Premature Baby , London, J. & A. Churchill, Ltd., 1952, p. 134. 49. Davis, M. E., and Fugo, N. W.: Effects of Various Sex Hormones on Excretion of Pregnanediol Early in Pregnancy , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 65:283, 1947. 50. Davis M. E., and Fugo, N. W.: Does Administration of Diethylstilbestrol to Pregnant Women Result in Increased Output of Urinary Pregnanediol? Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 69:436, 1948. 51. De, T. D., and Anderson, G. W.: Hyalinelike Membranes Associated with Diseases of the Newborn Lungs , Obst. & Gynec. Surv. 8:1, 1953. 52. De, T. D., and Anderson, G. W.: The Experimental Production of Pulmonary Hyalinelike Membranes with Atelectasis , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 68:1557, 1954. 53. Dick, F., Jr., and Pund, E. R.: Asphyxia Neonatorum and the Vernix Membrane , Arch. Path. 47:307, 1949. 54. Dieckmann, W. J.; Davis, M. E.; Rynkiewicz, L. M., and Pottinger, R. E.: Does the Administration of Diethylstilbestrol During Pregnancy Have Therapeutic Value? Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 66: 1062, 1953. 55. Donald, I., and Steiner, R. E.: Radiography in the Diagnosis of Hyaline Membrane , Lancet 2:846, 1953. 56. Dorgello, H., and Hsia, D. Y-Y: Unpublished observations. 57. Driscoll, S., and Bernirshke, K.: To be published. 58. Douglas, R. G.: Diabetes and Pregnancy , Obst. & Gynec. 3:220, 1954. 59. Duncan, G. G., and Fetter, F.: The Effect of Pregnancy on the Insulin Requirement of the Diabetic , Am. J. M. Sc. 187:347, 1934. 60. Duran-Jorda, F.; Holzel, A., and Patterson, W. H.: A Histochemical Study of Pulmonary Hyaline Membrane , Arch. Dis. Childhood 31:113, 1956. 61. Eastman, N. J.: Williams' Obstetrics , New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1950, p. 477. 62. Eastman, N. J.: Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy , Obst. & Gynec. Surv. 1:1, 1946. 63. Engfeldt, B., and Hultquist, G. T.: Administration of Crystalline Growth Hormone to Pregnant Rats , Acta endocrinol. 14:181, 1953. 64. Englehardt, H. T., and Melvin, J. P., Jr.: The Management of Diabetes Mellitus During Pregnancy , South. M. J. 39:734, 1946. 65. Ewald, P. P.: Pregnancy and Diabetes , Journal-Lancet 65:13, 1945. 66. Farber, S.: Studies on Pulmonary Edema, Consequences of Bilateral Cervical Vagotomy in Rabbit , J. Exper. Med. 66:397, 1937.Crossref 67. Farber, S., and Sweet, L. K.: Amniotic Sac Contents in Lungs of Infants , Am. J. Dis. Child. 42:1372, 1931. 68. Farber, S., and Wilson, J. L.: Hyaline Membranes in Lungs , Arch. Path. 14:437, 1932. 69. Ferguson, J. H.: Effect of Stilbestrol on Pregnancy Compared to the Effect of a Placebo , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 65:592, 1953. 70. Farquhar, J. W.: Control of the Blood Sugar Level in the Neonatal Period , Arch. Dis. Childhood 29:519, 1954. 71. Farquhar, J. W.: The Significance of Hypoglycemia in the Newborn Infant of the Diabetic Woman , Arch. Dis. Childhood 31:212, 1956. 72. Farquhar, J. W.: The Possible Influence of Hyperadrenocorticism on the Factors of the Diabetic Woman , Arch. Dis. Childhood 31:483, 1956. 73. Flowers, C. E., and Levitt, L. M.: The Effect of Improved Medical and Obstetrical Care upon Fetal and Maternal Mortality in Pregnant Diabetics , South M. J. 47:215, 1954. 74. Freeman, L. C., and Scott, R. B.: Gastric Suction in Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section: Role in Prevention of Respiratory Complications , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 87:570, 1954. 75. Gaspar, J. L.: Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: A Survey of 49 Deliveries , West. J. Surg. 53:21, 1945. 76. Gellis, S. S.: The Care of the Newborn Infant of the Diabetic Mother , in Proceedings of the Special Committee on Infant Mortality of the Medical Society of the County of New York, 1950-51 , Evansville, Ind., Mead Johnson & Co., 1951. 77. Gellis, S. S.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes, Report of the Fifth M & R Pediatric Research Conference, Columbus, Ohio, M & R Research Laboratories, 1953. 78. Gellis, S. S.; White, P., and Pfeffer, W.: Gastric Suction: A Proposed Additional Technic for the Prevention of Asphyxia in Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section , New England J. Med. 240:533, 1949. 79. Gilbert, J. A. L., and Dunlop, D. M.: Diabetic Fertility, Maternal Mortality, and Fetal Loss , Brit. M. J. 1:48, 1949. 80. Gilmer, W. S., and Hand, A. M.: Morphological Studies of Hyaline Membranes in the Newborn Infant , A. M. A. Arch. Path. 59:207, 1955. 81. Gitlin, D., and Craig, J. M.: The Nature of the Hyaline Membrane in Asphyxia of the Newborn , Pediatrics 17:64, 1956. 82. Gitman, L., and Koplowitz, A.: Use of Diethylstilbestrol in Complications of Pregnancy , New York J. Med. 50:2823, 1950. 83. Given, W. P.; Douglas, R. G., and Tolstoi, E.: Pregnancy and Diabetes , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 59:729, 1950. 84. Graham, B. D., and Lowery, G. H.: Chemical Findings in Infants Boni of Diabetic Mothers: A Preliminary Report , Univ. Michigan M. Bull. 19:267, 1953. 85. Gray, S. H., and Feemster, L. C.: Compensatory Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia of the Islands of Langerhans in the Pancreas of a Child Born of a Diabetic Mother , Arch. Path. 1:348, 1926. 86. Haddad, H. M.; Hsia, D. Y-Y., and Gellis, S. S.: Studies on Respiratory Rate in the Newborn: Its Use in the Evaluation of Respiratory Distress in Infants of Diabetic Mothers , Pediatrics 17:204, 1956. 87. Hadders, H. N., and Dirken, M. N. J.: On the Origin of the Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes , J. Path. & Bact. 70:419, 1955. 88. Hall, R. E., and Tillman, A. J. B.: Diabetes and Pregnancy , Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 61:1107, 1951. 89. Hamblen, E. C.: Endocrinology of Woman , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1945, p. 490. 90. Hames, K., and Torp, K. H.: Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes in the Newborn , Arch. Dis. Childhood 29:199, 1954. 91. Hartmann, A. F., and Jaudon, J. C.: Hypoglycemia , J. Pediat. 11:1, 1937. 92. Helwig, E. B.: Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia of Islands of Langerhans in Infants Born of Diabetic Mothers , Arch. 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The Infant of the Diabetic Mother

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References (195)

Publisher
American Medical Association
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Copyright © 1959 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6916
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1959.02070010003001
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Abstract

Abstract Introduction Case Material General Considerations on Fetal Mortality Historical Background Fertility Fetal Mortality During Early Pregnancy Fetal Mortality During Late Pregnancy Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Changes in Mortality Rates Summary Maternal Factors Maternal Age Parity Past Obstetrical History Severity of Maternal Diabetes Duration Age of Onset of Diabetes Insulin Requirement Classification of Severity Control of Diabetes During Pregnancy Toxemia and Hydramnios The Role of Hormones Physiological Changes in Diabetic Pregnancies Their Use in Nondiabetic Pregnancies Their Use in Diabetic Pregnancies Summary Obstetrical Factors Optimal Time of Delivery Mode of Delivery Induction of Labor Anesthesia Summary Pediatric Factors General Considerations Sex Birth Weight Length of Gestation Condition at Birth Clinical Course References 1. Abelove, W. A.; Rupp, J. J., and Paschkis, K. E.: Acromegaly and Pregnancy , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 14:32, 1954.Crossref 2. Adams, T. 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Journal

A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association

Published: Jan 1, 1959

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