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Viral Infections in the Embryo

Viral Infections in the Embryo Abstract The concept that viral infections of the mother during gestation may adversely affect the developing young had been accepted with considerable reluctance until the papers by Gregg1 and Swan * appeared. Since Gregg's report in 1942 on the frequency of abnormalities in children born of women who had contracted rubella during early pregnancy, there have been many confirming reports. Surprisingly little evidence has turned up in the past 10 years, however, to incriminate other diseases as causing abnormalities when they infect the mother early in pregnancy. There are several possible explanations for this fact. First, most of the easily diagnosed virus diseases, such as rubeola, mumps, and chicken pox, occur as a rule in childhood before the normal child-bearing period. Most of these diseases confer immunity, and consequently the incidence of their occurrence in young adults is rather rare. Rubella, on the other hand, does not appear to confer solid References 1. Gregg, N. M.: Congenital Cataract Following German Measles in the Mother , Tr. Ophth. Soc. Australia 3:35-46, 1942. 2. Swan, C.; Tostevin, A. L.; Moore, B.; Mayo, H., and Black, G. B.: Congenital Defects in Infants Following Infectious Diseases During Pregnancy , M. J. Australia 2:201-220, 1943. 3. Swan, C.: In Discussion on Congenital Cataract in Children Following Maternal Rubella , M. J. Australia 1:122, 1945. 4. Hilleman, M. R., and Werner, J. H.: Recovery of a New Agent from Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 85:183-188, 1954. 5. Rowe, W. P.; Huebner, R. J.; Gilmore, L. K.; Parrott, R. H., and Ward, T. G.: Isolation of a Cytopathogenic Agent from Human Adenoids Undergoing Spontaneous Degeneration in Tissue Culture , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 84: 570-573, 1953. 6. Berge, T. O.; England, B.; Mauris, C.; Sheuy, H. E., and Lennette, E. H.: Etiology of an Acute Respiratory Disease Among Service Personnel at Fort Ord , Fed. Proc. 14:582, 1955. 7. Jawetz, E.: New Viruses from Eye Infections , Presented at Second All-University Conference of Virology , University of California, Los Angeles, 1955. 8. Krugman, S., and Ward, R.: The Rubella Problem: Clinical Aspects, Risk of Fetal Abnormality, and Methods of Prevention , J. Pediat. 44:489-498, 1954. 9. Bland, P. B.: Influenza in Relation to Pregnancy and Labor , Am. J. Obst. 79:184, 1919. 10. Harris, J. W.: Influenza in Pregnant Women , J.A.M.A. 72:978, 1919. 11. Baker, M. E., and Baker, I. G.: Acute Poliomyelitis in Pregnancy: Report of 30 Cases , Minnesota Med. 30:729-734, 1947. 12. Aycock, W. L., and Ingalls, T. H.: Maternal Disease as Principle in Epidemiology of Congenital Anomalies, with Review of Rubella , Am. J. M. Sc. 212:366-376, 1946. 13. Knox, A. W.: Infection and Immunity in Offspring of Mice Inoculated During Gestation with Murine Poliomyelitis Virus , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 74:792-796, 1950. 14. Byrd, C. L., Jr.: Influence of Infection with Lansing Strain Poliomyelitis Virus on Pregnant Mice , J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 9:202-203, 1950. 15. Howell, W. E.; Winters, L. M., and Young, G. A.: Prenatal and Early Postnatal Survival in the Mouse as Affected by Infection of the Mother with Swine Influenza Virus During Gestation , J. Immunol. 71:280-283, 1953. 16. Hamburger, V., and Habel, K.: Teratogenetic and Lethal Effects of Influenza-A and Mumps Viruses on Early Chick Embryos , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 66:608-617, 1947. 17. Shear, H. H.; Heath, H. D.; Imagawa, D. T.; Jones, M. H., and Adams, J. M.: Neuralization of Teratogenic and Lethal Effects of Influenza-A Virus in Chick Embryos , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 89:523-528, 1955. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

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References (17)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1956 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6916
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1956.02060030103001
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract The concept that viral infections of the mother during gestation may adversely affect the developing young had been accepted with considerable reluctance until the papers by Gregg1 and Swan * appeared. Since Gregg's report in 1942 on the frequency of abnormalities in children born of women who had contracted rubella during early pregnancy, there have been many confirming reports. Surprisingly little evidence has turned up in the past 10 years, however, to incriminate other diseases as causing abnormalities when they infect the mother early in pregnancy. There are several possible explanations for this fact. First, most of the easily diagnosed virus diseases, such as rubeola, mumps, and chicken pox, occur as a rule in childhood before the normal child-bearing period. Most of these diseases confer immunity, and consequently the incidence of their occurrence in young adults is rather rare. Rubella, on the other hand, does not appear to confer solid References 1. Gregg, N. M.: Congenital Cataract Following German Measles in the Mother , Tr. Ophth. Soc. Australia 3:35-46, 1942. 2. Swan, C.; Tostevin, A. L.; Moore, B.; Mayo, H., and Black, G. B.: Congenital Defects in Infants Following Infectious Diseases During Pregnancy , M. J. Australia 2:201-220, 1943. 3. Swan, C.: In Discussion on Congenital Cataract in Children Following Maternal Rubella , M. J. Australia 1:122, 1945. 4. Hilleman, M. R., and Werner, J. H.: Recovery of a New Agent from Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 85:183-188, 1954. 5. Rowe, W. P.; Huebner, R. J.; Gilmore, L. K.; Parrott, R. H., and Ward, T. G.: Isolation of a Cytopathogenic Agent from Human Adenoids Undergoing Spontaneous Degeneration in Tissue Culture , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 84: 570-573, 1953. 6. Berge, T. O.; England, B.; Mauris, C.; Sheuy, H. E., and Lennette, E. H.: Etiology of an Acute Respiratory Disease Among Service Personnel at Fort Ord , Fed. Proc. 14:582, 1955. 7. Jawetz, E.: New Viruses from Eye Infections , Presented at Second All-University Conference of Virology , University of California, Los Angeles, 1955. 8. Krugman, S., and Ward, R.: The Rubella Problem: Clinical Aspects, Risk of Fetal Abnormality, and Methods of Prevention , J. Pediat. 44:489-498, 1954. 9. Bland, P. B.: Influenza in Relation to Pregnancy and Labor , Am. J. Obst. 79:184, 1919. 10. Harris, J. W.: Influenza in Pregnant Women , J.A.M.A. 72:978, 1919. 11. Baker, M. E., and Baker, I. G.: Acute Poliomyelitis in Pregnancy: Report of 30 Cases , Minnesota Med. 30:729-734, 1947. 12. Aycock, W. L., and Ingalls, T. H.: Maternal Disease as Principle in Epidemiology of Congenital Anomalies, with Review of Rubella , Am. J. M. Sc. 212:366-376, 1946. 13. Knox, A. W.: Infection and Immunity in Offspring of Mice Inoculated During Gestation with Murine Poliomyelitis Virus , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 74:792-796, 1950. 14. Byrd, C. L., Jr.: Influence of Infection with Lansing Strain Poliomyelitis Virus on Pregnant Mice , J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 9:202-203, 1950. 15. Howell, W. E.; Winters, L. M., and Young, G. A.: Prenatal and Early Postnatal Survival in the Mouse as Affected by Infection of the Mother with Swine Influenza Virus During Gestation , J. Immunol. 71:280-283, 1953. 16. Hamburger, V., and Habel, K.: Teratogenetic and Lethal Effects of Influenza-A and Mumps Viruses on Early Chick Embryos , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 66:608-617, 1947. 17. Shear, H. H.; Heath, H. D.; Imagawa, D. T.; Jones, M. H., and Adams, J. M.: Neuralization of Teratogenic and Lethal Effects of Influenza-A Virus in Chick Embryos , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 89:523-528, 1955.

Journal

A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1956

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