Facial Reanimation by Cranial Nerve Substitution Without Tongue or Shoulder Paralysis
Abstract
This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. Abstract Facial reanimation using the sternocleidomastoid branch of the spinal accessory nerve (XI) was the subject of a paper presented by William R. Panje, MD, and Thomas J. Dobleman, MD, University of Chicago (Ill) Pritzker School of Medicine, at the Fifth International Symposium on Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Head and Neck in Toronto, Canada,...