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A. Eden (1981)
Neural Connections between the Middle Ear, Eustachian Tube and BrainAnnals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 90
Eden AR Gannon PJ (1984)
Anatomy and central projections of the tympanic plexus in the catSoc Neurosci Abstr, 206
Kalia M (1981)
Central Nervous System Mechanism in Hypertension
Eden AR (1981)
Neural connections between the middle ear, eustachian tube and brain: Implications for the reflex control of middle ear aerationAnn Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 90
P. Funch, D. Faber (1984)
Measurement of myelin sheath resistances: implications for axonal conduction and pathophysiology.Science, 225 4661
I. Honjo, K. Ushiro, T. Haji, T. Nozoe, H. Matsui (1983)
Role of the tensor tympani muscle in eustachian tube function.Acta oto-laryngologica, 95 3-4
Paparella MM Schachern PA (1984)
The human round window membraneArch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 110
Mcgee Tm (1985)
Surgical sequelae of abnormal eustachian tube function.American Journal of Otology, 6
M. Goycoolea, A. Carpenter, M. Paparella, S. Juhn (1980)
Ganglia and ganglion cells in the middle ear of the cat: preliminary report.Archives of otolaryngology, 106 5
Ostfeld E Segal J (1984)
Recent Advances in Otitis Media With Effusion
C. Bluestone (1982)
Otitis media in children: to treat or not to treat?The New England journal of medicine, 306 23
N. Okazaki, T. Demaria, B. Briggs, D. Lim (1984)
Experimental otitis media with effusion induced by nonviable Hemophilus influenzae: cytologic and histologic study.American journal of otolaryngology, 5 2
J. Paradise, C. Bluestone, Herman Felder (1969)
The universality of otitis media in 50 infants with cleft palate.Pediatrics, 44 1
E. Cantekin, W. Doyle, C. Bluestone (1983)
Effect of levator veli palatini muscle excision on eustachian tube function.Archives of otolaryngology, 109 5
A. Berger, D. Averill (1983)
Projection of single pulmonary stretch receptors to solitary tract region.Journal of neurophysiology, 49 3
E. Cantekin, W. Doyle, C. Bluestone (1982)
Comparison of Normal Eustachian Tube Function in the Rhesus Monkey and ManAnnals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 91
M. Tos (1980)
Middle ear epithelia in chronic secretory otitis.Archives of otolaryngology, 106 10
C. Bluestone, E. Cantekin, Gavin Douglas (1979)
Eustachian tube function related to the results of tympanoplasty in childrenThe Laryngoscope, 89
K. Money, I. Buckingham, I. Calder, W. Johnson, J. King, J. Landolt, J. Laufer, H. Ludman (1985)
Damage to the middle ear and the inner ear in underwater divers.Undersea biomedical research, 12 1
D. Lim, Daniel Jackson, Joseph Bennett (1975)
Human middle ear corpuscles ‐ a light and electron microscopic studyThe Laryngoscope, 85
Klein JO Bluestone CD (1983)
Pediatric Otolaryngology
E. Cantekin, W. Doyle, D. Phillips, T. Reichert, C. Bluestone (1979)
Dilation of the Eustachian Tube by Electrical Stimulation of the Mandibular NerveAnnals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 88
P. Schachern, M. Paparella, A. Duvall, Y. Choo (1984)
The human round window membrane. An electron microscopic study.Archives of otolaryngology, 110 1
Carpenter AM Goycoolea MV (1980)
Ganglia and ganglion cells in the middle ear of the catArch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 106
H. Daniel, J. Brinn, R. Fulghum, Kathryn Barrett (1982)
Comparative Anatomy of Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Cavity in Animal Models for Otitis MediaAnnals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 91
J. Bernstein, K. Kano (1982)
Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions.Archives of otolaryngology, 108 5
M. Kalia (1981)
Anatomical organization of central respiratory neurons.Annual review of physiology, 43
Abstract • This study investigates the afferent and efferent pathways by which respiratory neurons in the brain can monitor and regulate middle ear aeration. Experiments were performed on 11 adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The neural tracer, horseradish peroxidase, was placed on the transected nerves of the tympanic plexus in four animals. Horseradish peroxidase–labeled nerve terminal fields were observed in the ipsilateral respiratory subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract. This may represent the sensory pathway by which the degree of middle ear aeration is monitored by the brain. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the eustachian tube muscles in six of the monkeys, and horseradish peroxidase–labeled motoneurons were observed in the ipsilateral trigeminal motor nucleus (tensor palati muscle) and nucleus ambiguus (levator palati muscle). These brain-stem motor nuclei may represent the efferent pathways by which the degree of middle ear aeration is regulated. The results of these primate experiments confirm our earlier studies on rabbits and cats. A theory for the neural control of middle ear aeration is proposed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:133-137) References 1. Bluestone CD, Klein JO: Otitis media with effusion, atelectasis, and eustachian tube dysfunction , in Bluestone CD, Stool SE (eds): Pediatric Otolaryngology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, pp 356-512. 2. McGee TM: Surgical sequelae of abnormal eustachian tube function . Am J Otol 1985;6:229-230. 3. Segal J, Ostfeld E, Yinon J, et al: Mass spectrometric analysis of gas composition in the guinea pig middle ear—mastoid system , in Lim DL, Bluestone CD, Klein JO, et al (eds): Recent Advances in Otitis Media With Effusion , Philadelphia, BC Decker Inc, 1984, pp 68-70. 4. Bluestone CD: Otitis media in children: To treat or not to treat? N Engl J Med 1982; 306:1399-1404.Crossref 5. Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, Bluestone CD: Comparison of normal eustachian tube function in the rhesus monkey and man . Ann Otol 1982; 91:179-184. 6. Daniel JH III, Fulghum RS, Brinn JE, et al: Comparative anatomy of eustachian tube and middle ear cavity in animal models for otitis media . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1982;91:82-89. 7. Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, Bluestone CD: Effect of levator veli palatini muscle excision on eustachian tube function . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1983;109:281-291.Crossref 8. Tos M: Middle ear epithelia in chronic secretory otitis . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1980;106:593-597.Crossref 9. Bernstein JM, Kano K: Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1982;108:267-269.Crossref 10. Okazaki N, DeMaria TF, Briggs BR, et al: Experimental otitis media with effusion induced by nonviable Hemophilus influenzae: Cytologic and histologic study . Am J Otolaryngol 1984;5:80-92.Crossref 11. Bluestone CD, Cantekin EI, Douglas DS: Eustachian tube function related to the results of tympanoplasty in children . Laryngoscope 1971; 83:450-558. 12. Kalia M: Localization of aortic and carotid baroreceptor and chemoreceptor primary afferents in the brain stem , in Buckley JP, Ferrario CM (eds): Central Nervous System Mechanism in Hypertension . New York, Raven Press, 1981, pp 9-24. 13. Berger AJ, Averill DB: Projections of single pulmonary stretch receptors to solitary tract region . J Neurophysiol 1983;49:819-830. 14. Honjo I, Ushiro K, Haji T, et al: Role of the tensor tympani muscle in eustachian tube function . Acta Otolaryngol 1983;95:329-332.Crossref 15. Eden AR: Neural connections between the middle ear, eustachian tube and brain: Implications for the reflex control of middle ear aeration . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1981;90:566-569. 16. Gannon PJ, Eden AR: Anatomy and central projections of the tympanic plexus in the cat . Soc Neurosci Abstr 1984;206:1. 17. Goycoolea MV, Carpenter AM, Paparella MM, et al: Ganglia and ganglion cells in the middle ear of the cat . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1980;106:269-271.Crossref 18. Lim D, Jackson D, Bennett J: Human middle ear corpuscles: A light and electron microscopic study . Laryngoscope 1975;85:1725-1737.Crossref 19. Schachern PA, Paparella MM, Duval AJ III, et al: The human round window membrane . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984;110:15-21.Crossref 20. Kalia M: Anatomical organization of central respiratory neurons . Ann Rev Physiol 1981; 43:105-120.Crossref 21. Doyle WJ, Reichert TJ, Phillips DC, et al: Dilation of the eustachian tube by electrical stimulation of the mandibular nerve . Ann Otol 1979;88:40-51. 22. Funch PG, Faber DS: Measurement of myelin sheath resistances: Implications for axonal conduction and pathophysiology . Science 1984;225:538-540.Crossref 23. Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Felder H: The universality of otitis media in fifty infants with cleft palate . Pediatrics 1969;44:35-42. 24. Money KE, Buckingham IP, Calder IM, et al: Damage to the middle ear and the inner ear in underwater divers . Undersea Biomed Res 1985; 12:77-84.
Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery – American Medical Association
Published: Feb 1, 1987
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