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Neural Control of Middle Ear Aeration

Neural Control of Middle Ear Aeration Abstract • This study investigates the afferent and efferent pathways by which respiratory neurons in the brain can monitor and regulate middle ear aeration. Experiments were performed on 11 adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The neural tracer, horseradish peroxidase, was placed on the transected nerves of the tympanic plexus in four animals. Horseradish peroxidase–labeled nerve terminal fields were observed in the ipsilateral respiratory subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract. This may represent the sensory pathway by which the degree of middle ear aeration is monitored by the brain. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the eustachian tube muscles in six of the monkeys, and horseradish peroxidase–labeled motoneurons were observed in the ipsilateral trigeminal motor nucleus (tensor palati muscle) and nucleus ambiguus (levator palati muscle). These brain-stem motor nuclei may represent the efferent pathways by which the degree of middle ear aeration is regulated. The results of these primate experiments confirm our earlier studies on rabbits and cats. A theory for the neural control of middle ear aeration is proposed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:133-137) References 1. Bluestone CD, Klein JO: Otitis media with effusion, atelectasis, and eustachian tube dysfunction , in Bluestone CD, Stool SE (eds): Pediatric Otolaryngology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, pp 356-512. 2. McGee TM: Surgical sequelae of abnormal eustachian tube function . Am J Otol 1985;6:229-230. 3. Segal J, Ostfeld E, Yinon J, et al: Mass spectrometric analysis of gas composition in the guinea pig middle ear—mastoid system , in Lim DL, Bluestone CD, Klein JO, et al (eds): Recent Advances in Otitis Media With Effusion , Philadelphia, BC Decker Inc, 1984, pp 68-70. 4. Bluestone CD: Otitis media in children: To treat or not to treat? N Engl J Med 1982; 306:1399-1404.Crossref 5. Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, Bluestone CD: Comparison of normal eustachian tube function in the rhesus monkey and man . Ann Otol 1982; 91:179-184. 6. Daniel JH III, Fulghum RS, Brinn JE, et al: Comparative anatomy of eustachian tube and middle ear cavity in animal models for otitis media . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1982;91:82-89. 7. Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, Bluestone CD: Effect of levator veli palatini muscle excision on eustachian tube function . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1983;109:281-291.Crossref 8. Tos M: Middle ear epithelia in chronic secretory otitis . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1980;106:593-597.Crossref 9. Bernstein JM, Kano K: Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1982;108:267-269.Crossref 10. Okazaki N, DeMaria TF, Briggs BR, et al: Experimental otitis media with effusion induced by nonviable Hemophilus influenzae: Cytologic and histologic study . Am J Otolaryngol 1984;5:80-92.Crossref 11. Bluestone CD, Cantekin EI, Douglas DS: Eustachian tube function related to the results of tympanoplasty in children . Laryngoscope 1971; 83:450-558. 12. Kalia M: Localization of aortic and carotid baroreceptor and chemoreceptor primary afferents in the brain stem , in Buckley JP, Ferrario CM (eds): Central Nervous System Mechanism in Hypertension . New York, Raven Press, 1981, pp 9-24. 13. Berger AJ, Averill DB: Projections of single pulmonary stretch receptors to solitary tract region . J Neurophysiol 1983;49:819-830. 14. Honjo I, Ushiro K, Haji T, et al: Role of the tensor tympani muscle in eustachian tube function . Acta Otolaryngol 1983;95:329-332.Crossref 15. Eden AR: Neural connections between the middle ear, eustachian tube and brain: Implications for the reflex control of middle ear aeration . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1981;90:566-569. 16. Gannon PJ, Eden AR: Anatomy and central projections of the tympanic plexus in the cat . Soc Neurosci Abstr 1984;206:1. 17. Goycoolea MV, Carpenter AM, Paparella MM, et al: Ganglia and ganglion cells in the middle ear of the cat . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1980;106:269-271.Crossref 18. Lim D, Jackson D, Bennett J: Human middle ear corpuscles: A light and electron microscopic study . Laryngoscope 1975;85:1725-1737.Crossref 19. Schachern PA, Paparella MM, Duval AJ III, et al: The human round window membrane . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984;110:15-21.Crossref 20. Kalia M: Anatomical organization of central respiratory neurons . Ann Rev Physiol 1981; 43:105-120.Crossref 21. Doyle WJ, Reichert TJ, Phillips DC, et al: Dilation of the eustachian tube by electrical stimulation of the mandibular nerve . Ann Otol 1979;88:40-51. 22. Funch PG, Faber DS: Measurement of myelin sheath resistances: Implications for axonal conduction and pathophysiology . Science 1984;225:538-540.Crossref 23. Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Felder H: The universality of otitis media in fifty infants with cleft palate . Pediatrics 1969;44:35-42. 24. Money KE, Buckingham IP, Calder IM, et al: Damage to the middle ear and the inner ear in underwater divers . Undersea Biomed Res 1985; 12:77-84. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery American Medical Association

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References (27)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0886-4470
eISSN
1538-361X
DOI
10.1001/archotol.1987.01860020025006
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • This study investigates the afferent and efferent pathways by which respiratory neurons in the brain can monitor and regulate middle ear aeration. Experiments were performed on 11 adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The neural tracer, horseradish peroxidase, was placed on the transected nerves of the tympanic plexus in four animals. Horseradish peroxidase–labeled nerve terminal fields were observed in the ipsilateral respiratory subnuclei of the nucleus of the solitary tract. This may represent the sensory pathway by which the degree of middle ear aeration is monitored by the brain. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the eustachian tube muscles in six of the monkeys, and horseradish peroxidase–labeled motoneurons were observed in the ipsilateral trigeminal motor nucleus (tensor palati muscle) and nucleus ambiguus (levator palati muscle). These brain-stem motor nuclei may represent the efferent pathways by which the degree of middle ear aeration is regulated. The results of these primate experiments confirm our earlier studies on rabbits and cats. A theory for the neural control of middle ear aeration is proposed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:133-137) References 1. Bluestone CD, Klein JO: Otitis media with effusion, atelectasis, and eustachian tube dysfunction , in Bluestone CD, Stool SE (eds): Pediatric Otolaryngology . Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1983, pp 356-512. 2. McGee TM: Surgical sequelae of abnormal eustachian tube function . Am J Otol 1985;6:229-230. 3. Segal J, Ostfeld E, Yinon J, et al: Mass spectrometric analysis of gas composition in the guinea pig middle ear—mastoid system , in Lim DL, Bluestone CD, Klein JO, et al (eds): Recent Advances in Otitis Media With Effusion , Philadelphia, BC Decker Inc, 1984, pp 68-70. 4. Bluestone CD: Otitis media in children: To treat or not to treat? N Engl J Med 1982; 306:1399-1404.Crossref 5. Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, Bluestone CD: Comparison of normal eustachian tube function in the rhesus monkey and man . Ann Otol 1982; 91:179-184. 6. Daniel JH III, Fulghum RS, Brinn JE, et al: Comparative anatomy of eustachian tube and middle ear cavity in animal models for otitis media . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1982;91:82-89. 7. Cantekin EI, Doyle WJ, Bluestone CD: Effect of levator veli palatini muscle excision on eustachian tube function . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1983;109:281-291.Crossref 8. Tos M: Middle ear epithelia in chronic secretory otitis . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1980;106:593-597.Crossref 9. Bernstein JM, Kano K: Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1982;108:267-269.Crossref 10. Okazaki N, DeMaria TF, Briggs BR, et al: Experimental otitis media with effusion induced by nonviable Hemophilus influenzae: Cytologic and histologic study . Am J Otolaryngol 1984;5:80-92.Crossref 11. Bluestone CD, Cantekin EI, Douglas DS: Eustachian tube function related to the results of tympanoplasty in children . Laryngoscope 1971; 83:450-558. 12. Kalia M: Localization of aortic and carotid baroreceptor and chemoreceptor primary afferents in the brain stem , in Buckley JP, Ferrario CM (eds): Central Nervous System Mechanism in Hypertension . New York, Raven Press, 1981, pp 9-24. 13. Berger AJ, Averill DB: Projections of single pulmonary stretch receptors to solitary tract region . J Neurophysiol 1983;49:819-830. 14. Honjo I, Ushiro K, Haji T, et al: Role of the tensor tympani muscle in eustachian tube function . Acta Otolaryngol 1983;95:329-332.Crossref 15. Eden AR: Neural connections between the middle ear, eustachian tube and brain: Implications for the reflex control of middle ear aeration . Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1981;90:566-569. 16. Gannon PJ, Eden AR: Anatomy and central projections of the tympanic plexus in the cat . Soc Neurosci Abstr 1984;206:1. 17. Goycoolea MV, Carpenter AM, Paparella MM, et al: Ganglia and ganglion cells in the middle ear of the cat . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1980;106:269-271.Crossref 18. Lim D, Jackson D, Bennett J: Human middle ear corpuscles: A light and electron microscopic study . Laryngoscope 1975;85:1725-1737.Crossref 19. Schachern PA, Paparella MM, Duval AJ III, et al: The human round window membrane . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1984;110:15-21.Crossref 20. Kalia M: Anatomical organization of central respiratory neurons . Ann Rev Physiol 1981; 43:105-120.Crossref 21. Doyle WJ, Reichert TJ, Phillips DC, et al: Dilation of the eustachian tube by electrical stimulation of the mandibular nerve . Ann Otol 1979;88:40-51. 22. Funch PG, Faber DS: Measurement of myelin sheath resistances: Implications for axonal conduction and pathophysiology . Science 1984;225:538-540.Crossref 23. Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Felder H: The universality of otitis media in fifty infants with cleft palate . Pediatrics 1969;44:35-42. 24. Money KE, Buckingham IP, Calder IM, et al: Damage to the middle ear and the inner ear in underwater divers . Undersea Biomed Res 1985; 12:77-84.

Journal

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck SurgeryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1987

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