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TECHNIQUES FOR STUDY OF COCHLEAR FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: Development of the Anatomical Frequency Scale for the Cat

TECHNIQUES FOR STUDY OF COCHLEAR FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: Development of... Abstract THE DUAL purpose of this report is to describe techniques of evaluating the function and pathology of the cochlea in animals and to present information on frequency localization in the cochlea of the cat. Credit for developing the techniques belongs to such investigators as Culler and Neff for behavioral tests of hearing, Tunturi and Hind for the cortical test of auditory function, and Stacey Guild for the method of graphic cochlear reconstruction. The paper is divided into three sections: (A) tests of auditory function, including the behavioral method as used by Neff and the cortical method of Hind; (B) the study of cochlear pathology, encompassing a description of standard histological technique and a description of Guild's method for graphic cochlear reconstruction, and (C) the development of the anatomical frequency scale for the cat, based on the results of recent investigations in this laboratory. A. TESTS OF AUDITORY FUNCTION 1. The References 1. Behavioral testing was performed in the laboratory of physiological psychology of the University of Chicago, which is under the direction of Dr. W. D. Neff. The equipment was designed by him and is described here with his consent. Of the cats, 20 were trained and tested by me and 5 by Mr. Samuel Sutton. 2. Culler, E.; Finch, G.; Girden, E., and Brogden, W.: Measurements of Acuity by the Conditioned Response Technique , J. General Psychol. 12:223-227 ( (Jan.) ) 1935.Crossref 3. Routine care of the animals consisted of supplying a varied diet of fresh meat, prepared foods, milk, canned fish, and green vegetables; keeping them in clean cages in ventilated rooms, and providing daily exercise. Cat immune globulin was given all animals entering the quarters. Sick cats were isolated and given antibiotics and fluids parenterally as needed. Delousing, worming, and mange treatment were carried out when indicated. Animals recovering from anesthesia were kept warm, the pharynx was aspirated to keep it free of secretions as indicated, and analgesics were given if they seemed necessary. The postoperative care compared favorably with that which is given human surgical patients. 4. Hind, J. E.: An Electrophysiological Determination of Tonotopic Organization in the Auditory Cortex of the Cat , J. Neurophysiol. , to be published. 5. Tunturi, A. R.: Physiological Determination of the Arrangement of the Afferent Connections to the Middle Ectosylvian Auditory Area in the Dog , Am. J. Physiol. 162:489-502 ( (Sept.) ) 1950. 6. Hind, J. E., and Schuknecht, H. F.: A Cortical Test of Auditory Function in Experimentally Deafened Cats, to be published. 7. Tasaki, I.; Davis, H., and Legouix, J. P.: Space-Time Pattern of the Cochlear Microphonics (Guinea Pig), as Recorded by Differential Electrodes , J. Acoustical Soc. Am. 21:502-510 ( (Sept.) ) 1952.Crossref 8. Mr. Robert Kimura, director of the histological laboratory of the Division of Otolaryngology, aided in the preparation of this section. The method is a standard textbook procedure with slight modifications. 9. Interim Report of the Committee on Mounting Media: Resinous Media , Stain Technol. 25:1-9 ( (Jan.) ) 1950. 10. Guild, S. R.: A Graphic Reconstruction Method for the Study of the Organ of Corti , Anat. Rec. 22:141-157 ( (Sept.) ) 1921.Crossref 11. Mr. Richard Woellner assisted with the geometric projections. 12. Fernandez, C.: The Innervation of the Cochlea (Guinea Pig) , Laryngoscope 61:1152-1172 ( (Dec.) ) 1951.Crossref 13. Schuknecht, H. F., and Woellner, R.: Hearing Losses Following Partial Section of the Cochlear Nerve , Laryngoscope 63:441-465 ( (June) ) 1953. 14. Bekesy, G. V., and Rosenblith, W. A.: The Mechanical Properties of the Ear , in Handbook of Experimental Psychology , edited by S. S. Stevens, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1951, pp. 1075-1115. 15. Koenig, W.: A New Frequency Scale for Acoustic Measurements, Bell Laboratories Record, Aug., 1949, p. 209. 16. Davis, H.; Gernandt, B. E.; Riesco-MacClure, J. S., and Covell, W. P.: Aural Microphonics in the Cochlea of the Guinea Pig , J. Acoustical Soc. Am. 21:502-510 ( (Sept.) ) 1949.Crossref 17. Ruch, T. C.: Cerebral Cortex: The Parietal Lobes and Somatic Sensation , in J. F. Fulton, Editor: Physiology of the Nervous System , Ed. 2, New York, Oxford University Press, 1943, Chap. 19. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology American Medical Association

TECHNIQUES FOR STUDY OF COCHLEAR FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: Development of the Anatomical Frequency Scale for the Cat

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References (11)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1953 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6894
DOI
10.1001/archotol.1953.00710040399001
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract THE DUAL purpose of this report is to describe techniques of evaluating the function and pathology of the cochlea in animals and to present information on frequency localization in the cochlea of the cat. Credit for developing the techniques belongs to such investigators as Culler and Neff for behavioral tests of hearing, Tunturi and Hind for the cortical test of auditory function, and Stacey Guild for the method of graphic cochlear reconstruction. The paper is divided into three sections: (A) tests of auditory function, including the behavioral method as used by Neff and the cortical method of Hind; (B) the study of cochlear pathology, encompassing a description of standard histological technique and a description of Guild's method for graphic cochlear reconstruction, and (C) the development of the anatomical frequency scale for the cat, based on the results of recent investigations in this laboratory. A. TESTS OF AUDITORY FUNCTION 1. The References 1. Behavioral testing was performed in the laboratory of physiological psychology of the University of Chicago, which is under the direction of Dr. W. D. Neff. The equipment was designed by him and is described here with his consent. Of the cats, 20 were trained and tested by me and 5 by Mr. Samuel Sutton. 2. Culler, E.; Finch, G.; Girden, E., and Brogden, W.: Measurements of Acuity by the Conditioned Response Technique , J. General Psychol. 12:223-227 ( (Jan.) ) 1935.Crossref 3. Routine care of the animals consisted of supplying a varied diet of fresh meat, prepared foods, milk, canned fish, and green vegetables; keeping them in clean cages in ventilated rooms, and providing daily exercise. Cat immune globulin was given all animals entering the quarters. Sick cats were isolated and given antibiotics and fluids parenterally as needed. Delousing, worming, and mange treatment were carried out when indicated. Animals recovering from anesthesia were kept warm, the pharynx was aspirated to keep it free of secretions as indicated, and analgesics were given if they seemed necessary. The postoperative care compared favorably with that which is given human surgical patients. 4. Hind, J. E.: An Electrophysiological Determination of Tonotopic Organization in the Auditory Cortex of the Cat , J. Neurophysiol. , to be published. 5. Tunturi, A. R.: Physiological Determination of the Arrangement of the Afferent Connections to the Middle Ectosylvian Auditory Area in the Dog , Am. J. Physiol. 162:489-502 ( (Sept.) ) 1950. 6. Hind, J. E., and Schuknecht, H. F.: A Cortical Test of Auditory Function in Experimentally Deafened Cats, to be published. 7. Tasaki, I.; Davis, H., and Legouix, J. P.: Space-Time Pattern of the Cochlear Microphonics (Guinea Pig), as Recorded by Differential Electrodes , J. Acoustical Soc. Am. 21:502-510 ( (Sept.) ) 1952.Crossref 8. Mr. Robert Kimura, director of the histological laboratory of the Division of Otolaryngology, aided in the preparation of this section. The method is a standard textbook procedure with slight modifications. 9. Interim Report of the Committee on Mounting Media: Resinous Media , Stain Technol. 25:1-9 ( (Jan.) ) 1950. 10. Guild, S. R.: A Graphic Reconstruction Method for the Study of the Organ of Corti , Anat. Rec. 22:141-157 ( (Sept.) ) 1921.Crossref 11. Mr. Richard Woellner assisted with the geometric projections. 12. Fernandez, C.: The Innervation of the Cochlea (Guinea Pig) , Laryngoscope 61:1152-1172 ( (Dec.) ) 1951.Crossref 13. Schuknecht, H. F., and Woellner, R.: Hearing Losses Following Partial Section of the Cochlear Nerve , Laryngoscope 63:441-465 ( (June) ) 1953. 14. Bekesy, G. V., and Rosenblith, W. A.: The Mechanical Properties of the Ear , in Handbook of Experimental Psychology , edited by S. S. Stevens, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1951, pp. 1075-1115. 15. Koenig, W.: A New Frequency Scale for Acoustic Measurements, Bell Laboratories Record, Aug., 1949, p. 209. 16. Davis, H.; Gernandt, B. E.; Riesco-MacClure, J. S., and Covell, W. P.: Aural Microphonics in the Cochlea of the Guinea Pig , J. Acoustical Soc. Am. 21:502-510 ( (Sept.) ) 1949.Crossref 17. Ruch, T. C.: Cerebral Cortex: The Parietal Lobes and Somatic Sensation , in J. F. Fulton, Editor: Physiology of the Nervous System , Ed. 2, New York, Oxford University Press, 1943, Chap. 19.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Otolaryngology – American Medical Association

Published: Oct 1, 1953

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