Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Intravitreal Daptomycin in a Case of Bilateral Endogenous Endophthalmitis

Intravitreal Daptomycin in a Case of Bilateral Endogenous Endophthalmitis Bacterial endophthalmitis is a devastating intraocular infection that, in its most severe form, can result in complete loss of vision in the affected eye. In patients with endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis, 69% have a final visual acuity worse than counting fingers.1 Visual outcomes are directly related to the infecting bacteria, with eyes infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus faring much better than those infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and gram-negative organisms.2 With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, increasing the arsenal of safe and effective antibiotics for treatment is of particular importance. We report a case of bilateral endogenous methicillin-resistant S aureus endophthalmitis treated successfully with intravitreal injections of daptomycin. Report of a Case A 69-year-old previously well woman who was retired, married, and caregiver to her chronically ill husband was taken to the emergency department by her daughter with an acute onset of confusion, disorientation, and generalized malaise. Her medical history included a remote history of angina, intermittent pleurisy, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and cataract surgery in the left eye. Her only medication was estrogen replacement. There was no illicit drug use, recent dental work, or indwelling venous catheter. The patient was admitted to the hospital for workup of altered mental status and eventually found to have bacterial endocarditis with methicillin-resistant S aureus. The bacterial isolate had an intermediate resistance to vancomycin hydrochloride (minimum inhibitory concentration, 4-8 μg/mL). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multiple bilateral acute ischemic changes, and echocardiography revealed mitral valve endocarditis. The ophthalmology service was consulted for evaluation of the patient's blurred vision. At initial examination, the patient's visual acuity was at least counting fingers OU and intraocular pressures were normal. Findings on anterior segment examination at the bedside were normal except for a few posterior synechiae in the right eye, moderate nuclear sclerotic cataract in the right eye, and a well-centered posterior chamber intraocular lens in the left eye. No hypopyon was noted. There was a moderate vitreous haze in both eyes with a small area of retinitis along the superior temporal arcade of the left eye. Otherwise, the optic nerve, macula, and periphery were grossly normal in each eye. Given the clinical setting, a diagnosis of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis was made. The patient's initial general health and mental state precluded both vitrectomy and intravitreal injection. She was treated with topical atropine, prednisolone, and vancomycin. Two days after the initial examination, intravitreal daptomycin (200 μg/0.1 mL) was administered without complication. She was also receiving intravenous daptomycin for endocarditis treatment. During the week following injection, the vitreous cleared completely in both eyes and the retinitis resolved. The patient required no further ocular intervention. At follow-up 2 months after the initial injection, visual acuity was 20/20 OU. Comment Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that causes concentration-dependent depolarization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, which inhibits protein synthesis. Since its introduction in 2003, it has been used to treat complicated skin and soft-tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis.3 A recent safety and efficacy study showed that daptomycin can be administered safely in a dose of 200 μg in adult belted rabbits, and daptomycin killed 99.9% of gram-positive bacteria within 6 to 8 hours.4 Another report showed that therapeutic intravitreal concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for methicillin-resistant S aureus can be achieved following intravenous administration of daptomycin.5 The bactericidal activity of daptomycin and the ability to cross the blood-ocular barrier make it a useful alternative to vancomycin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intravitreal daptomycin being used to successfully treat bacterial endophthalmitis. Future studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of daptomycin in treating endophthalmitis are warranted. Back to top Article Information Correspondence: Dr Buzzacco, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Rd, Ste 5000, Columbus, OH 43212 (dominic.buzzacco@osumc.edu). Financial Disclosure: None reported. References 1. Jackson TL, Eykyn SJ, Graham EM, Stanford MR. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a 17-year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48(4):403-42312850229PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 2. Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group. Microbiologic factors and visual outcome in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122(6):830-8468956638PubMedGoogle Scholar 3. Kullar R, Davis SL, Levine DP, et al. High-dose daptomycin for treatment of complicated gram-positive infections: a large, multicenter, retrospective study. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;31(6):527-53621923436PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 4. Comer GM, Miller JB, Schneider EW, et al. Intravitreal daptomycin: a safety and efficacy study. Retina. 2011;31(6):1199-120621522040PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 5. Sheridan KR, Potoski BA, Shields RK, Nau GJ. Presence of adequate intravitreal concentrations of daptomycin after systemic intravenous administration in a patient with endogenous endophthalmitis. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(12):1247-125121114392PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Intravitreal Daptomycin in a Case of Bilateral Endogenous Endophthalmitis

Download PDF
2 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/american-medical-association/intravitreal-daptomycin-in-a-case-of-bilateral-endogenous-7kjC6v7CVu

References (11)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.2527
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Bacterial endophthalmitis is a devastating intraocular infection that, in its most severe form, can result in complete loss of vision in the affected eye. In patients with endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis, 69% have a final visual acuity worse than counting fingers.1 Visual outcomes are directly related to the infecting bacteria, with eyes infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus faring much better than those infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and gram-negative organisms.2 With the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, increasing the arsenal of safe and effective antibiotics for treatment is of particular importance. We report a case of bilateral endogenous methicillin-resistant S aureus endophthalmitis treated successfully with intravitreal injections of daptomycin. Report of a Case A 69-year-old previously well woman who was retired, married, and caregiver to her chronically ill husband was taken to the emergency department by her daughter with an acute onset of confusion, disorientation, and generalized malaise. Her medical history included a remote history of angina, intermittent pleurisy, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and cataract surgery in the left eye. Her only medication was estrogen replacement. There was no illicit drug use, recent dental work, or indwelling venous catheter. The patient was admitted to the hospital for workup of altered mental status and eventually found to have bacterial endocarditis with methicillin-resistant S aureus. The bacterial isolate had an intermediate resistance to vancomycin hydrochloride (minimum inhibitory concentration, 4-8 μg/mL). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multiple bilateral acute ischemic changes, and echocardiography revealed mitral valve endocarditis. The ophthalmology service was consulted for evaluation of the patient's blurred vision. At initial examination, the patient's visual acuity was at least counting fingers OU and intraocular pressures were normal. Findings on anterior segment examination at the bedside were normal except for a few posterior synechiae in the right eye, moderate nuclear sclerotic cataract in the right eye, and a well-centered posterior chamber intraocular lens in the left eye. No hypopyon was noted. There was a moderate vitreous haze in both eyes with a small area of retinitis along the superior temporal arcade of the left eye. Otherwise, the optic nerve, macula, and periphery were grossly normal in each eye. Given the clinical setting, a diagnosis of bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis was made. The patient's initial general health and mental state precluded both vitrectomy and intravitreal injection. She was treated with topical atropine, prednisolone, and vancomycin. Two days after the initial examination, intravitreal daptomycin (200 μg/0.1 mL) was administered without complication. She was also receiving intravenous daptomycin for endocarditis treatment. During the week following injection, the vitreous cleared completely in both eyes and the retinitis resolved. The patient required no further ocular intervention. At follow-up 2 months after the initial injection, visual acuity was 20/20 OU. Comment Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that causes concentration-dependent depolarization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, which inhibits protein synthesis. Since its introduction in 2003, it has been used to treat complicated skin and soft-tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis.3 A recent safety and efficacy study showed that daptomycin can be administered safely in a dose of 200 μg in adult belted rabbits, and daptomycin killed 99.9% of gram-positive bacteria within 6 to 8 hours.4 Another report showed that therapeutic intravitreal concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for methicillin-resistant S aureus can be achieved following intravenous administration of daptomycin.5 The bactericidal activity of daptomycin and the ability to cross the blood-ocular barrier make it a useful alternative to vancomycin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intravitreal daptomycin being used to successfully treat bacterial endophthalmitis. Future studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of daptomycin in treating endophthalmitis are warranted. Back to top Article Information Correspondence: Dr Buzzacco, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Rd, Ste 5000, Columbus, OH 43212 (dominic.buzzacco@osumc.edu). Financial Disclosure: None reported. References 1. Jackson TL, Eykyn SJ, Graham EM, Stanford MR. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a 17-year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2003;48(4):403-42312850229PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 2. Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study Group. Microbiologic factors and visual outcome in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996;122(6):830-8468956638PubMedGoogle Scholar 3. Kullar R, Davis SL, Levine DP, et al. High-dose daptomycin for treatment of complicated gram-positive infections: a large, multicenter, retrospective study. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;31(6):527-53621923436PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 4. Comer GM, Miller JB, Schneider EW, et al. Intravitreal daptomycin: a safety and efficacy study. Retina. 2011;31(6):1199-120621522040PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 5. Sheridan KR, Potoski BA, Shields RK, Nau GJ. Presence of adequate intravitreal concentrations of daptomycin after systemic intravenous administration in a patient with endogenous endophthalmitis. Pharmacotherapy. 2010;30(12):1247-125121114392PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref

Journal

Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 2012

Keywords: daptomycin,endophthalmitis

There are no references for this article.