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Michels Rg, Gass Jd (1974)
The natural course of retinal branch vein obstruction.Transactions - American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 78
A. Arciniegas (1984)
Treatment of the occlusion of the central retinal vein by section of the posterior ring.Annals of ophthalmology, 16 11
S. Vannas, H. Orma (1957)
Experience of treating retinal venous occlusion with anticoagulant and antisclerosis therapy.A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology, 58 6
R. Hessberg (1944)
X-Ray Treatment of Thrombosis of the Retinal Vein and of Several Types of IridocyclitisAmerican Journal of Ophthalmology, 27
H. Zegarra, F. Gutman, N. Zakov, Moiz Carim (1983)
Partial occlusion of the central retinal vein.American journal of ophthalmology, 96 3
D. Archer, T. Gardiner (1981)
Morphologic fluorescein angiographic, and light microscopic features of experimental choroidal neovascularization.American journal of ophthalmology, 91 3
E. Kohner, J. Pettit, A. Hamilton, C. Bulpitt, C. Dollery (1976)
Streptokinase in central retinal vein occlusion: a controlled clinical trial.British Medical Journal, 1
I. Duff, H. Falls, J. Linman (1951)
Anticoagulant therapy in occlusive vascular disease of the retina.A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology, 46 6
L. Hansen, J. Wiek, M. Wiederholt, K. Steglitz (1989)
A randomised prospective study of treatment of non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion by isovolaemic haemodilution.British Journal of Ophthalmology, 73
S. Vannas, C. Raitta (1966)
Anticoagulant treatment of retinal venous occlusion.American journal of ophthalmology, 62 5
D. Clements, J Elsby, W Smith (1968)
Retinal vein occlusion. A comparative study of factors affecting the prognosis, including a therapeutic trial of Atromid S in this condition.British Journal of Ophthalmology, 52
Orma H Vannas S (1957)
Experience of treating retinal venous occlusion with anticoagulant and antisclerosis therapyArch Ophthalmol, 58
J. Clarkson, E. Chuang, D. Gass, M. Pedroso, T. Cubillas, E. Duria, D. Hess, I. Rams, A. Gutierrez, P. Kiès, N. Muniz, M. Pall, C. Pappas, D. Finkelstein, A. Patz, D. Rytel, J. Belt, D. Cain, A. Hillis (1993)
Baseline and early natural history report. The Central Vein Occlusion Study.Archives of ophthalmology, 111 8
Gombos Gm (1978)
Retinal vascular occlusions and their treatment with low molecular weight dextran and vasodilators: report of six years' experience.Annals of Ophthalmology, 10
H. Zegarra, F. Gutman, James Conforto (1979)
The natural course of central retinal vein occlusion.Ophthalmology, 86 11
I. McAllister, Dao-Yi Yu, S. Vijayasekaran, C. Barry, I. Constable (1992)
Induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis in experimental retinal branch vein occlusion.British Journal of Ophthalmology, 76
M. Oncel, G. Peyman, B. Khoobehi (1989)
Tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of experimental retinal vein occlusion.Retina, 9 1
H. Schatz, W. Green, J. Talamo, W. Hoyt, R. Johnson, H. McDonald (1991)
Clinicopathologic correlation of retinal to choroidal venous collaterals of the optic nerve head.Ophthalmology, 98 8
S. Ryan (1979)
The development of an experimental model of subretinal neovascularization in disciform macular degeneration.Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 77
Falls HF Duff IF (1951)
Anticoagulant therapy in occlusive vascular disease of the retinaArch Ophthalmol, 46
L. Hansen, P. Danisevskis, H. Arntz, G. Hövener, M. Wiederholt (1985)
A randomised prospective study on treatment of central retinal vein occlusion by isovolaemic haemodilution and photocoagulation.British Journal of Ophthalmology, 69
Daniel Finkelstein (1986)
Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion.Ophthalmology, 93 7
S. Vijayasekaran, D. Yu, I. McAllister, C. Barry, I. Constable (1994)
Significance of Bruch's membrane in the creation of iatrogenic chorioretinal venous anastomosis.Current eye research, 13 1
Chan CC Green WR (1981)
Central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective histological study of 29 eyes in 28 casesTrans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 89
Patricia Quinlan, Michael Elman, A. Bhatt, Patrick Mardesich, Cheryl Enger (1990)
The natural course of central retinal vein occlusion.American journal of ophthalmology, 110 2
S. Hayreh, W. Heuven, Hayreh Ms (1978)
Experimental retinal vascular occlusion. I. Pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion.Archives of ophthalmology, 96 2
J. Vasco-Posada (1972)
Modification of the circulation in the posterior pole of the eye.Annals of ophthalmology, 4 1
I. Priluck, D. Robertson, R. Hollenhorst (1980)
Long-term follow-up of occlusion of the central retinal vein in young adults.American journal of ophthalmology, 90 2
John Minturn, G. Brown (1986)
Progression of nonischemic central retinal vein obstruction to the ischemic variant.Ophthalmology, 93 9
A. Chopdar (1984)
Dual trunk central retinal vein incidence in clinical practice.Archives of ophthalmology, 102 1
Follmann P Radnot M (1969)
Rheomacrodex (dextran) in treatment of the occlusions of the central retinal veinAnn Ophthalmol, 1
Abstract Objectives: To determine whether a chorioretinal venous anastomosis could be created in humans and to evaluate the influence this has on patients with non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusions in whom progressive visual loss developed. Design: Retrospective study. Patients: A total of 24 patients with nonischemic central retinal vein occlusions and progressive visual loss. Intervention: An attempt was made to create a chorioretinal venous anastomosis using laser photocoagulation to enable obstructed venous blood to enter the choroid, thus bypassing the site of occlusion. Main Outcome Measures: Visual acuity, fundoscopic appearance, and rapid sequence fluorescein angiograms. Results: A successful chorioretinal venous anastomosis was created in eight cases (33%), with improvement in visual acuity and resolution of the funduscopic appearance of venous occlusion in all eight cases. Of the 16 patients (67%) in whom an anastomosis was not successfully created, the ischemic form of central retinal vein occlusion developed in five (31%), and eight (50%) were left with various degrees of macular damage and reduced visual acuity. Conclusions: Peripheral chorioretinal venous anastomoses can be created in a nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion and appear to be well tolerated. This technique may have some value in the treatment of patients with this condition; however, to address this fully, a properly constructed randomized prospective clinical trial will need to be performed. References 1. Green WR, Chan CC, Hutchins GM, Terry JM. Central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective histological study of 29 eyes in 28 cases . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1981;89:371-422. 2. Vasco-Posada J. Modification of the circulation in the posterior pole of the eye . Ann Ophthalmol . 1972;4:48-59. 3. Arciniegas A. Treatment of the occlusion of the central retinal vein by section of the posterior ring . Ann Ophthalmol . 1984;16:1081-1086. 4. Duff IF, Falls HF, Linman JW. Anticoagulant therapy in occlusive vascular disease of the retina . Arch Ophthalmol . 1951;46:601-615.Crossref 5. Vannas S, Orma H. Experience of treating retinal venous occlusion with anticoagulant and antisclerosis therapy . Arch Ophthalmol . 1957;58:812-828.Crossref 6. Kohner EM, Pettit JE, Hamilton AM, Bulpitt CJ, Dollery CT. Streptokinase in central retinal vein occlusions: a controlled clinical trial . BMJ . 1976;1:550-553.Crossref 7. Radnot M, Follmann P. Rheomacrodex (dextran) in treatment of the occlusions of the central retinal vein . Ann Ophthalmol . 1969;1:58-64. 8. Gombos GM. Retinal vascular occlusions and their treatment with low molecular weight dextran and vasodilators: report of six years experience . Ann Ophthalmol . 1978;10:579-583. 9. Hansen LL, Danisevskis P, Arntz H, Hovener G, Wiederholt M. A randomised prospective study on treatment of central retinal vein occlusion by isovolaemic haemodilution and photocoagulation . Br J Ophthalmol . 1985;69:108-116.Crossref 10. Hansen LL, Wiek J, Wiederholt M. A randomised prospective study of treatment of nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion by isovolaemic haemodilution . Br J Ophthalmol . 1989;73:895-899.Crossref 11. McAllister IL, Yu D-Y, Vijayasekaran S, Barry C, Constable IJ. Induced chorioretinal venous anastomosis in experimental retinal branch vein occlusion . Br J Ophthalmol . 1992;76:615-620.Crossref 12. Vijayasekaran S, Yu D-Y, McAllister IL, Barry C, Constable IJ. Significance of Bruch's members in the creation of iatrogenic chorioretinal venous anastomosis . Curr Eye Res . 1993;13:29-33.Crossref 13. Minturn J, Brown GC. Progression of non-ischemic central retinal vein obstruction to the ischemic variant . Ophthalmology . 1986;93:1158-1162.Crossref 14. Hayreh SS, van Heuven AJ, Hayreh MS. Experimental retinal vascular occlusion, I: pathogenesis of central retinal vein occlusion . Arch Ophthalmol . 1978;96:311-323.Crossref 15. Hesbery RJ. X-ray treatment of thrombosis of the retinal vein and several types of iridocyclitis . Am J Ophthalmol . 1944;27:864-875. 16. Clements DB, Elsby JM, Smith WD. Retinal vein occlusion: a co-operative study of factors affecting the prognosis, including a therapeutic trial of Atromid-S in this condition . Br J Ophthalmol . 1968;52:111-116.Crossref 17. Vannas S, Raitta C. Anticoagulant treatment of retinal venous occlusion . Am J Ophthalmol . 1966;62:874-881. 18. Oncel M, Peyman GA, Khoobehi B. Tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of experimental retinal vein occlusion . Retina . 1989;9:1-7.Crossref 19. Schatz H, Green WR, Talamo JH, Hoyt WF, Johnson RN, McDonald HR. Clinicopathologic correlation of retinal to choroidal venous collaterals of the optic nerve head . Ophthalmology . 1991;98:1287-1293.Crossref 20. Priluck IA, Robertson DM, Hollenhorst RW. Long-term follow up of occlusion of the central retinal vein in young adults . Am J Ophthalmol . 1980;90:190-202. 21. Quinlan PM, Elman MJ, Bhatt AK, Mardesich P, Enger C. The natural course of central retinal vein occlusion . Am J Ophthalmol . 1990;110:118-123. 22. Zegarra H, Gutman FA, Zakov N, Carin M. Partial occlusion of the central retinal vein . Am J Ophthalmol . 1983;96:330-337. 23. Zegarra H, Gutman FA, Conforto J. The natural course of central retinal vein occlusion . Ophthalmology . 1979;86:1931-1939.Crossref 24. Central Vein Occlusion Group. Baseline and early natural history report: the Central Vein Occlusion Study . Arch Ophthalmol . 1993;111:1087-1095.Crossref 25. Chopdar A. Dual trunk central retinal vein incidence in clinical practice . Arch Ophthalmol . 1984;102:85-87.Crossref 26. Ryan SJ. The development of an experimental model of subretinal neovascularisation in disciform macular degeneration . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1979;77:707-745. 27. Archer DB, Gardiner TA. Morphologic, fluorescein angiographic and light microscopic features of experimental choroidal neovascularisation . Am J Ophthalmol . 1981;91:297-311. 28. Michels RG, Gass JD. The natural course of retinal branch vein obstruction . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol . 1974;78:166-177. 29. Branch Vein Occlusion Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion . Am J Ophthalmol . 1984;98:271-282.
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Apr 1, 1995
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