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Granulomatous Reaction to Bruch's Membrane in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Granulomatous Reaction to Bruch's Membrane in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Abstract The histopathologic features of a granulomatous reaction in one eye of a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration are presented. Multiple multinucleated giant cells were found in intimate association with Bruch's membrane and at the margin of Bruch's membrane defects. Multinucleated giant cells appear to participate in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane and, together with diffuse disease of the retinal pigment epithelium and changes in the physicochemical properties of Bruch's membrane, may provide angiogenic stimulus for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. References 1. Green WR, Enger C. Age-related macular degeneration: histopathologic studies . Ophthalmology . 1993;100:1519-1535.Crossref 2. Sarks SH. Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: a clinicopathologic study . Br J Ophthalmol . 1976;60:324-341.Crossref 3. Sarks SH. Council lecture: drusen and their relationship to senile macular degeneration . Aust J Ophthalmol . 1980;8:117-130.Crossref 4. Feeney-Burns L, Burns RP, Gao C-L. Agerelated macular changes in humans over 90 years old . Am J Ophthalmol . 1990;109:265-278. 5. Green WR, Key SN III. Senile macular degeneration: histopathology study . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1977;75:180-254. 6. Green WR, McDonnell PJ, Yeo JH. Pathologic features of senile macular degeneration . Ophthalmology . 1985;92:615-627.Crossref 7. Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH. Giant cells in disciform macular degeneration of the human eye . Micron . 1982;13:359-360. 8. Killingsworth MC, Sarks JP, Sarks SH. Macrophages related to Bruch's membrane in agerelated macular degeneration . Eye . 1990;4:613-621.Crossref 9. Penfold PL, Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH. An ultrastructural study of the role of leucocytes and fibroblasts in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane . Aust J Ophthalmol . 1984;12:23-31.Crossref 10. Penfold PL, Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH. Senile macular degeneration: the involvement of immunocompetent cells . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1985;223:69-76.Crossref 11. Grindle CFJ, Marshall J. Ageing changes in Bruch's membrane and their functional implications . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1978;98:172-175. 12. Heriot WJ, Henkind P, Bellhorn RW, Burns MS. Choroidal neovascularization can digest Bruch's membrane: a prior break is not essential . Ophthalmology . 1984;91:1603-1608.Crossref 13. Pollack A, Heriot WJ, Henkind P. Cellular processes causing defects in Bruch's membrane following krypton laser photocoagulation . Ophthalmology . 1986;93:1113-1119.Crossref 14. Chang TS, Freund KB, de la Cruz Z, Yannuzzi LA, Green WR. Clinicopathologic correlation of choroidal neovascularization in a patient with retention of good vision for almost four years. Retina. In press. 15. Unanue ER, Benacerraf B. Immunological events in experimentally induced granulomas . Am J Pathol . 1973;71:349-359. 16. Mclnnes A, Rennick DM. Interleukin-4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells . J Exp Med . 1988;167:598-611.Crossref 17. Weinberg JB, Hobbs MM, Misukonis MA. Recombinant human γ-interferon induces human monocyte polykaryon formation . Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A . 1984;81:4554-4557.Crossref 18. Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Chronic inflammation . In: Robbins SL, ed. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease . 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1989;63-68. 19. Hassan NF, Kamani N, Meszaros MM, Douglas SD. Induction of multinucleated giant cell formation from human blood-derived monocytes by phorbol myristate acetate in in vitro culture . J Immunol . 1989;143:2179-2184. 20. Green WR, Zimmerman LE. Granulomatous reaction to Descemet's membrane . Am J Ophthalmol . 1967;64:555-558. 21. Holbach LM, Font RL, Naumann GOH. Herpes simplex stromal and endothelial keratitis . Ophthalmology . 1990;97:722-728.Crossref 22. Verhoeff FH, Lemoine AN. Endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica . Am J Ophthalmol . 1922;5:737-745. 23. Hicks D, Bugra K, Faucheux B, et al. Fibroblast growth factors in the retina . Prog Retinal Res . 1992;11:333-374.Crossref 24. Schweigerer L, Malerstein B, Neufeld G, Gospodarowicz D. Basic fibroblast growth factor is synthesized in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 1987;143:934-940.Crossref 25. Leschey KH, Hackett SF, Singer JH, Campochiaro PA. Growth factor responsiveness of human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1990;31:839-846. 26. Sporn MB, Roberts AB. Peptide growth factors are multifunctional . Nature . 1988;332:217-219.Crossref 27. Kulkarni AB, Huh CG, Becker D, et al. Transforming growth factor β1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:770-774.Crossref 28. Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB, et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease . Nature . 1992;359:693-699.Crossref 29. Connor TB Jr, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al. Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-β type 2 in the eye . J Clin Invest . 1989;83:1661-1666.Crossref 30. Jampel HD, Roche N, Stark WJ, Roberts AB. Transforming growth factor-β in human aqueous humor . Curr Eye Res . 1990;9:963-969.Crossref 31. Tanihara H, Yoshida M, Matsumoto M, Yoshimura N. Identification of transforming growth factor-β expressed in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1993;34:413-419. 32. Percopo CM, Hooks JJ, Shinohara T, Caspi R, Detrick B. Cytokine-mediated activation of a neuronal retinal resident cell provokes antigen presentation . J Immunol . 1990;145:4101-4107. 33. Adair TH, Gay WJ, Montani JP. Growth regulation of the vascular system: evidence for a metabolic hypothesis . Am J Physiol . 1990;259:R393-R404. 34. Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors . Science . 1987;235:442-447.Crossref 35. Connolly DT, Heuvelman DM, Nelson R, et al. Tumor vascular permeability factor stimulates endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis . J Clin Invest . 1989;84:1470-1478.Crossref 36. Noell WK, Walker VS, Kang BS, Berman S. Retinal damage by light in rats . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1966;5:450-472. 37. Noell WK. Possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage by light in mammalian eyes . Vision Res . 1980;20:1163-1171.Crossref 38. Rosner M, Lam TT, Fu J, Tso MOM. Methylprednisolone ameliorates retinal photic injury in rats . Arch Ophthalmol . 1992;110:857-861.Crossref 39. Organisciak DT, Wang HM, Li ZY, Tso MOM. The protective effect of ascorbate in retinal light damage of rats . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1985;26:1580-1588. 40. Li ZY, Tso MOM, Wang HM, Organisciak DT. Amelioration of photic injury in rat retina by ascorbic acid: a histopathologic study . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1985;26:1589-1598. 41. Tso MOM. Retinal photic injury in normal and scorbutic monkeys . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1987;85:498-556. 42. Gottsch JD, Pou S, Bynoe LA, Rosen GM. Hematogenous photosensitization: a mechanism for the development of macular degeneration . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1990;31:1674-1682. 43. Glaser B, Davis J, Hyer K, Jordan J, Hewitt T, Krause W. Purification of a diffusible RPEderived protease inhibitor and localization within Bruch's membrane: possible role in the control of intraocular neovascularization . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1987;28( (suppl) ):49. 44. Ingber D, Folkman J. Inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of collagen metabolism . Lab Invest . 1988;59:44-51. 45. Glaser BM, Campochiaro PA, Davis JL Jr, Misao S. Retinal pigment epithelial cells release an inhibitor of neovascularization . Arch Ophthalmol . 1985;103:1870-1875.Crossref 46. Shweiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis . Nature . 1992;359:843-845.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Granulomatous Reaction to Bruch's Membrane in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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References (52)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1994.01090180111045
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Abstract

Abstract The histopathologic features of a granulomatous reaction in one eye of a patient with neovascular age-related macular degeneration are presented. Multiple multinucleated giant cells were found in intimate association with Bruch's membrane and at the margin of Bruch's membrane defects. Multinucleated giant cells appear to participate in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane and, together with diffuse disease of the retinal pigment epithelium and changes in the physicochemical properties of Bruch's membrane, may provide angiogenic stimulus for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. References 1. Green WR, Enger C. Age-related macular degeneration: histopathologic studies . Ophthalmology . 1993;100:1519-1535.Crossref 2. Sarks SH. Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: a clinicopathologic study . Br J Ophthalmol . 1976;60:324-341.Crossref 3. Sarks SH. Council lecture: drusen and their relationship to senile macular degeneration . Aust J Ophthalmol . 1980;8:117-130.Crossref 4. Feeney-Burns L, Burns RP, Gao C-L. Agerelated macular changes in humans over 90 years old . Am J Ophthalmol . 1990;109:265-278. 5. Green WR, Key SN III. Senile macular degeneration: histopathology study . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1977;75:180-254. 6. Green WR, McDonnell PJ, Yeo JH. Pathologic features of senile macular degeneration . Ophthalmology . 1985;92:615-627.Crossref 7. Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH. Giant cells in disciform macular degeneration of the human eye . Micron . 1982;13:359-360. 8. Killingsworth MC, Sarks JP, Sarks SH. Macrophages related to Bruch's membrane in agerelated macular degeneration . Eye . 1990;4:613-621.Crossref 9. Penfold PL, Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH. An ultrastructural study of the role of leucocytes and fibroblasts in the breakdown of Bruch's membrane . Aust J Ophthalmol . 1984;12:23-31.Crossref 10. Penfold PL, Killingsworth MC, Sarks SH. Senile macular degeneration: the involvement of immunocompetent cells . Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 1985;223:69-76.Crossref 11. Grindle CFJ, Marshall J. Ageing changes in Bruch's membrane and their functional implications . Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K . 1978;98:172-175. 12. Heriot WJ, Henkind P, Bellhorn RW, Burns MS. Choroidal neovascularization can digest Bruch's membrane: a prior break is not essential . Ophthalmology . 1984;91:1603-1608.Crossref 13. Pollack A, Heriot WJ, Henkind P. Cellular processes causing defects in Bruch's membrane following krypton laser photocoagulation . Ophthalmology . 1986;93:1113-1119.Crossref 14. Chang TS, Freund KB, de la Cruz Z, Yannuzzi LA, Green WR. Clinicopathologic correlation of choroidal neovascularization in a patient with retention of good vision for almost four years. Retina. In press. 15. Unanue ER, Benacerraf B. Immunological events in experimentally induced granulomas . Am J Pathol . 1973;71:349-359. 16. Mclnnes A, Rennick DM. Interleukin-4 induces cultured monocytes/macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells . J Exp Med . 1988;167:598-611.Crossref 17. Weinberg JB, Hobbs MM, Misukonis MA. Recombinant human γ-interferon induces human monocyte polykaryon formation . Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A . 1984;81:4554-4557.Crossref 18. Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL. Chronic inflammation . In: Robbins SL, ed. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease . 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1989;63-68. 19. Hassan NF, Kamani N, Meszaros MM, Douglas SD. Induction of multinucleated giant cell formation from human blood-derived monocytes by phorbol myristate acetate in in vitro culture . J Immunol . 1989;143:2179-2184. 20. Green WR, Zimmerman LE. Granulomatous reaction to Descemet's membrane . Am J Ophthalmol . 1967;64:555-558. 21. Holbach LM, Font RL, Naumann GOH. Herpes simplex stromal and endothelial keratitis . Ophthalmology . 1990;97:722-728.Crossref 22. Verhoeff FH, Lemoine AN. Endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica . Am J Ophthalmol . 1922;5:737-745. 23. Hicks D, Bugra K, Faucheux B, et al. Fibroblast growth factors in the retina . Prog Retinal Res . 1992;11:333-374.Crossref 24. Schweigerer L, Malerstein B, Neufeld G, Gospodarowicz D. Basic fibroblast growth factor is synthesized in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells . Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 1987;143:934-940.Crossref 25. Leschey KH, Hackett SF, Singer JH, Campochiaro PA. Growth factor responsiveness of human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1990;31:839-846. 26. Sporn MB, Roberts AB. Peptide growth factors are multifunctional . Nature . 1988;332:217-219.Crossref 27. Kulkarni AB, Huh CG, Becker D, et al. Transforming growth factor β1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:770-774.Crossref 28. Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB, et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease . Nature . 1992;359:693-699.Crossref 29. Connor TB Jr, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, et al. Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-β type 2 in the eye . J Clin Invest . 1989;83:1661-1666.Crossref 30. Jampel HD, Roche N, Stark WJ, Roberts AB. Transforming growth factor-β in human aqueous humor . Curr Eye Res . 1990;9:963-969.Crossref 31. Tanihara H, Yoshida M, Matsumoto M, Yoshimura N. Identification of transforming growth factor-β expressed in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1993;34:413-419. 32. Percopo CM, Hooks JJ, Shinohara T, Caspi R, Detrick B. Cytokine-mediated activation of a neuronal retinal resident cell provokes antigen presentation . J Immunol . 1990;145:4101-4107. 33. Adair TH, Gay WJ, Montani JP. Growth regulation of the vascular system: evidence for a metabolic hypothesis . Am J Physiol . 1990;259:R393-R404. 34. Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors . Science . 1987;235:442-447.Crossref 35. Connolly DT, Heuvelman DM, Nelson R, et al. Tumor vascular permeability factor stimulates endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis . J Clin Invest . 1989;84:1470-1478.Crossref 36. Noell WK, Walker VS, Kang BS, Berman S. Retinal damage by light in rats . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1966;5:450-472. 37. Noell WK. Possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage by light in mammalian eyes . Vision Res . 1980;20:1163-1171.Crossref 38. Rosner M, Lam TT, Fu J, Tso MOM. Methylprednisolone ameliorates retinal photic injury in rats . Arch Ophthalmol . 1992;110:857-861.Crossref 39. Organisciak DT, Wang HM, Li ZY, Tso MOM. The protective effect of ascorbate in retinal light damage of rats . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1985;26:1580-1588. 40. Li ZY, Tso MOM, Wang HM, Organisciak DT. Amelioration of photic injury in rat retina by ascorbic acid: a histopathologic study . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1985;26:1589-1598. 41. Tso MOM. Retinal photic injury in normal and scorbutic monkeys . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc . 1987;85:498-556. 42. Gottsch JD, Pou S, Bynoe LA, Rosen GM. Hematogenous photosensitization: a mechanism for the development of macular degeneration . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1990;31:1674-1682. 43. Glaser B, Davis J, Hyer K, Jordan J, Hewitt T, Krause W. Purification of a diffusible RPEderived protease inhibitor and localization within Bruch's membrane: possible role in the control of intraocular neovascularization . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 1987;28( (suppl) ):49. 44. Ingber D, Folkman J. Inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of collagen metabolism . Lab Invest . 1988;59:44-51. 45. Glaser BM, Campochiaro PA, Davis JL Jr, Misao S. Retinal pigment epithelial cells release an inhibitor of neovascularization . Arch Ophthalmol . 1985;103:1870-1875.Crossref 46. Shweiki D, Itin A, Soffer D, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis . Nature . 1992;359:843-845.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association

Published: Jun 1, 1994

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