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Visual Evoked Potentials and Visual Prognosis Following Perinatal Asphyxia

Visual Evoked Potentials and Visual Prognosis Following Perinatal Asphyxia Abstract • Twenty-five children born at term with perinatal asphyxia were studied at age 2.5 to 4.5 years to evaluate visual function and to determine the prognostic value of postnatal assessments of visual outcome. Postnatal assessments included several visual evoked potentials and electroretinograms in the first week of life. Follow-up assessments included flash and pattern visual evoked potentials, visual evoked potential threshold measurements, and clinical eye examinations. Nineteen children had normal visual function, three were visually impaired, and three remained blind. A strong association was found between normal, abnormal, or absent visual evoked potentials in the early postnatal period and long-term visual outcome (P<.0001). Other perinatal indicators of asphyxia, including neurologic status, Apgar scores, and arterial pH values, were poor predictors of visual outcome. The risk of visual impairment was limited to those survivors with neurodevelopmental deficits. References 1. Lambert SR, Hoyt CS, Jan JE, Barkovich J, Flodmark O. Visual recovery from hypoxic cortical blindness during childhood . Arch Ophthalmol . 1987;105:1371-1377.Crossref 2. Psatta DM, Matei M. Alterations of primary VEP components in the cortical blindness induced by a perinatal encephalopathy . Neurol Psychiatr (Bucur) . 1986;23:229-239. 3. Robertson R, Jan JE, Wong PKH. Electroencephalograms of children with permanent cortical impairment . Can J Neurol Sci . 1986;13:256-261. 4. Ronen S, Nawratzki I, Yanko L. Cortical blindness in infancy: a follow-up study . Ophthalmologica . 1986;187:605-612. 5. Whiting S, Jan JE, Wong PKH, Flodmark O, Farrell K, McCormick AO. Permanent cortical visual impairment in children . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1985;27:730-739.Crossref 6. Flodmark O. Perinatal asphyxia: role of imaging techniques to demonstrate neuropathy. Presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine; April 26,1988; Toronto, Canada. 7. Ellenberg JH, Nelson KB. Cluster of perinatal events identifying infants of high risk for death or disability . J Pediatr . 1988;113:546-552.Crossref 8. Nelson KB. Perspective on the role of perinatal asphyxia in neurologic outcome. Presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine; April 26,1988; Toronto, Canada. 9. Hakamada S, Watanbe K, Hara K, Miyazaki S. The evolution of visual and auditory evoked potentials in infants with perinatal disorder . Brain Dev . 1984;3:339-334.Crossref 10. Hakkinen VK, Ignatius J, Koskinen, Koizikkio MJ, Ikonen RS, Janas MS. Visual evoked potentials in high-risk infants . Neuropediatrics . 1987;18:70-74.Crossref 11. Shcherbina NA, Grishchenko VI. Diagnostic value of a response EEG in severe neonatal asphyxia . Akush Ginekol (Mosk) . 1985;12( (4) ):32-35. 12. Whyte HE, Taylor MJ, Menzies R, Chin K, MacMillan L. Prognostic utility of VEPs in term asphyxiated neonates . Pediatr Neurol . 1986;2:220-223.Crossref 13. Hrbek A, Karlberg P, Kjellmer I, Olsson T, Rike M. Clinical applications of evoked EEG responses in newborn infants (perinatal asphyxia) . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1977;19:34-44.Crossref 14. Fulton A, Hartmann E, Hanson R. Electrophysiologic testing techniques for children . Doc Ophthalmol . 1989;71:341-354.Crossref 15. Odom JV, Green M. Visually evoked potential acuity: testability in a clinical population . Acta Ophthalmol . 1984;62:993-998.Crossref 16. Sokol S, Hansen V, Moskowitz A, Greenfield P, Towle BL. Evoked potential and preferential looking estimates of visual acuity in pediatric patients . Ophthalmology . 1983;90:552-562.Crossref 17. Frank Y, Torres F. Visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of 'cortical blindness' in children . Ann Neurol . 1979;6:126-129.Crossref 18. Bodis Wollner I. Recovery from cerebral blindness: evoked potential and psychophysical measurements . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1977;42:178-184.Crossref 19. Hess CW, Meienberg O, Ludin H. Visual evoked potentials in acute occipital blindness . J Neurol . 1982;227:193-200.Crossref 20. Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress . Arch Neurol . 1976;33:696-705.Crossref 21. Taylor MJ, Menzies R, MacMillan LJ, Whyte HE. VEPs in normal full-term and premature neonates: longitudinal versus cross-sectional data . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1987;68:20-27.Crossref 22. Eizenman M, McCulloch DL, Hui R, Skarf B. Detection of threshold VEPs . In: Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System, 1989 Technical Digest Series . Washington, DC: Optical Society of America; 1989;7:88-94. 23. Woods JR, Coppes V, Brooks D, et al. Birth asphyxia, I: measurement of visual evoked potential (VEP) in the healthy fetus and newborn lamb . Pediatr Res . 1981;15:1429-1432.Crossref 24. Woods JR, Coppes V, Brooks DE, et al. Measurement of visual evoked potential in the asphyctic fetus and during neonatal survival . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1982;143:944-951. 25. Woods JR. Birth asphyxia: pathophysiologic events and fetal adaptive changes . Clin Perinatol . 1983;10:473-486. 26. Visser SL, Njiokiktjien CJ, De Rijke W. Neurological condition at birth in relation to the electroencephalogram (EEG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) at the age of 5 . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1982;54:458-464.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Visual Evoked Potentials and Visual Prognosis Following Perinatal Asphyxia

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References (29)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020075047
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Abstract

Abstract • Twenty-five children born at term with perinatal asphyxia were studied at age 2.5 to 4.5 years to evaluate visual function and to determine the prognostic value of postnatal assessments of visual outcome. Postnatal assessments included several visual evoked potentials and electroretinograms in the first week of life. Follow-up assessments included flash and pattern visual evoked potentials, visual evoked potential threshold measurements, and clinical eye examinations. Nineteen children had normal visual function, three were visually impaired, and three remained blind. A strong association was found between normal, abnormal, or absent visual evoked potentials in the early postnatal period and long-term visual outcome (P<.0001). Other perinatal indicators of asphyxia, including neurologic status, Apgar scores, and arterial pH values, were poor predictors of visual outcome. The risk of visual impairment was limited to those survivors with neurodevelopmental deficits. References 1. Lambert SR, Hoyt CS, Jan JE, Barkovich J, Flodmark O. Visual recovery from hypoxic cortical blindness during childhood . Arch Ophthalmol . 1987;105:1371-1377.Crossref 2. Psatta DM, Matei M. Alterations of primary VEP components in the cortical blindness induced by a perinatal encephalopathy . Neurol Psychiatr (Bucur) . 1986;23:229-239. 3. Robertson R, Jan JE, Wong PKH. Electroencephalograms of children with permanent cortical impairment . Can J Neurol Sci . 1986;13:256-261. 4. Ronen S, Nawratzki I, Yanko L. Cortical blindness in infancy: a follow-up study . Ophthalmologica . 1986;187:605-612. 5. Whiting S, Jan JE, Wong PKH, Flodmark O, Farrell K, McCormick AO. Permanent cortical visual impairment in children . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1985;27:730-739.Crossref 6. Flodmark O. Perinatal asphyxia: role of imaging techniques to demonstrate neuropathy. Presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine; April 26,1988; Toronto, Canada. 7. Ellenberg JH, Nelson KB. Cluster of perinatal events identifying infants of high risk for death or disability . J Pediatr . 1988;113:546-552.Crossref 8. Nelson KB. Perspective on the role of perinatal asphyxia in neurologic outcome. Presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine; April 26,1988; Toronto, Canada. 9. Hakamada S, Watanbe K, Hara K, Miyazaki S. The evolution of visual and auditory evoked potentials in infants with perinatal disorder . Brain Dev . 1984;3:339-334.Crossref 10. Hakkinen VK, Ignatius J, Koskinen, Koizikkio MJ, Ikonen RS, Janas MS. Visual evoked potentials in high-risk infants . Neuropediatrics . 1987;18:70-74.Crossref 11. Shcherbina NA, Grishchenko VI. Diagnostic value of a response EEG in severe neonatal asphyxia . Akush Ginekol (Mosk) . 1985;12( (4) ):32-35. 12. Whyte HE, Taylor MJ, Menzies R, Chin K, MacMillan L. Prognostic utility of VEPs in term asphyxiated neonates . Pediatr Neurol . 1986;2:220-223.Crossref 13. Hrbek A, Karlberg P, Kjellmer I, Olsson T, Rike M. Clinical applications of evoked EEG responses in newborn infants (perinatal asphyxia) . Dev Med Child Neurol . 1977;19:34-44.Crossref 14. Fulton A, Hartmann E, Hanson R. Electrophysiologic testing techniques for children . Doc Ophthalmol . 1989;71:341-354.Crossref 15. Odom JV, Green M. Visually evoked potential acuity: testability in a clinical population . Acta Ophthalmol . 1984;62:993-998.Crossref 16. Sokol S, Hansen V, Moskowitz A, Greenfield P, Towle BL. Evoked potential and preferential looking estimates of visual acuity in pediatric patients . Ophthalmology . 1983;90:552-562.Crossref 17. Frank Y, Torres F. Visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of 'cortical blindness' in children . Ann Neurol . 1979;6:126-129.Crossref 18. Bodis Wollner I. Recovery from cerebral blindness: evoked potential and psychophysical measurements . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1977;42:178-184.Crossref 19. Hess CW, Meienberg O, Ludin H. Visual evoked potentials in acute occipital blindness . J Neurol . 1982;227:193-200.Crossref 20. Sarnat HB, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress . Arch Neurol . 1976;33:696-705.Crossref 21. Taylor MJ, Menzies R, MacMillan LJ, Whyte HE. VEPs in normal full-term and premature neonates: longitudinal versus cross-sectional data . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1987;68:20-27.Crossref 22. Eizenman M, McCulloch DL, Hui R, Skarf B. Detection of threshold VEPs . In: Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System, 1989 Technical Digest Series . Washington, DC: Optical Society of America; 1989;7:88-94. 23. Woods JR, Coppes V, Brooks D, et al. Birth asphyxia, I: measurement of visual evoked potential (VEP) in the healthy fetus and newborn lamb . Pediatr Res . 1981;15:1429-1432.Crossref 24. Woods JR, Coppes V, Brooks DE, et al. Measurement of visual evoked potential in the asphyctic fetus and during neonatal survival . Am J Obstet Gynecol . 1982;143:944-951. 25. Woods JR. Birth asphyxia: pathophysiologic events and fetal adaptive changes . Clin Perinatol . 1983;10:473-486. 26. Visser SL, Njiokiktjien CJ, De Rijke W. Neurological condition at birth in relation to the electroencephalogram (EEG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) at the age of 5 . Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1982;54:458-464.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1991

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